胰胆管合流异常动物模型的建立

目的建立胰胆管合流异常的动物模型。方法选用健康杂种猫10只。术前禁食12 h,3.5%戊巴比妥钠麻醉后,取上腹正中切口约6 cm切开各层至腹腔。于胆总管入十二指肠处旁边,切开胰腺背膜,解剖胰管;靠近十二指肠处分别纵向切开胰管、胆管长约4~6 mm的切口。6-0线间断吻合切口,造成类似人类的胰胆管合流的共同通道。术后20天胆道造影。结果术后动物精神、食欲良好,无萎靡、烦燥等表现,造影显示胰胆管合流共同通道延长。结论本动物模型最接近于人类的胰胆管合流异常生理,优于其他动物模型。     

心血管造影在复杂和(或)复合先天性心脏病诊断中的应用

目的 探讨心血管造影在先天性心脏病（简称先心病）复杂和（或）复合畸形中的应用价值。方法 分析360例复杂和（或）复合畸形造影所见及其与超声心动图等临床检查的联系。结果 本组360例（包括75例肺动脉闭锁合并室间隔缺损、62例右室双出口、60例法乐四联症、52例单心室、42例大动脉错位、15例三尖闭锁、6例冠状动脉异常、5例完整型肺静脉畸形连接、5例完全型心内膜垫缺损、4例共同动脉干、3例室间完整的肺动脉闭锁、7例其他病例和24例外科术后检查）心血管造影和超声对比，纠正后者误、漏诊分别为34、30例及对合并畸形误诊16例。对复杂和（或）复合畸形中体肺侧支血管、冠状动脉畸形和肺动脉段分支及其异常的检测和诊断优于超声心动图，并可测量肺动、静脉压力及体肺侧支血管压力而优于其他影像学检查方法。结论 对于先心病复杂和（或）复合畸形的疑难病例诊断和鉴别诊断，尤其显示体、肺及冠状动脉分支的全貌及相关病变，以及测量肺动脉和心室压力等，心血管造影（含DSA）仍有重要或不可替代的作用。     

外科学教学中的审美教育

医学审美教育是医学生全面素质教育不可分割的组成部分,笔者结合长期外科教学实践,阐述了在外科学教学中运用医学美学原理对外科学的美进行开发和挖掘,使医学生在熟练掌握外科学基本理论和基本技能的同时,潜移默化地接受美的教育,美的熏陶,更能激发他们对外科学的热爱和兴趣,达到全面提高医学生整体素质的目的。     

马兜铃酸对大鼠肾功能和组织病理学影响及川芎嗪与苯那普利的干预作用

目的:通过动物实验,观察大鼠灌胃马兜铃酸(AA)后,肾功能及肾脏组织病理学改变,及川芎嗪、苯那普利对肾损害的干预作用.方法:雄性Wistar大鼠98只,SPF级,随机分为4组:正常对照组20只,实验组分为模型组、川芎嗪组、苯那普利组,每组26只;各实验组按AA 20 mg·kg-1·d-1关木通浸膏灌胃,2 h后按分组灌胃给药.川芎嗪50 mg·kg-1·d-1,苯那普利1.8 mg·kg-1·d-1;正常对照组、模型组灌胃饮用水.各组每周测量体重,分别于第4、8、12周处死动物;腹主动脉采血分离血清,检测肾功能;取肾组织进行病理形态学检查.结果:AA灌胃4周后各组血肌酐/体重水平明显增加,与正常对照组比较有统计学差异;与模型组比较,川芎嗪、苯那普利组血肌酐/体重水平显著降低,提示有改善肾功能作用.肾脏组织病理学可见模型组早期有明显的肾小管坏死,部分小管结构紊乱较严重,空泡变性明显;后期出现间质灶性纤维化,纤维化面积＞30%.川芎嗪、苯那普利治疗组的肾功能和组织学损害程度较轻微,纤维化程度约15%～20%.结论:马兜铃酸对大鼠肾脏具有肾毒性,可导致小管间质损害和肾纤维化.川芎嗪、苯那普利对马兜铃酸肾损害有保护作用,能减轻马兜铃酸造成的肾组织病理损害,减少肾纤维化程度.     

谷氨酰胺在危重病患者中的应用

目的探讨危重病患者中早期经静脉应用谷氨酰胺（glutamine，Gl）的临床价值。方法42例患者随机分成两组（对照组和Gln组），Gln组进行Gln治疗（100mL／d，共7d）。治疗前后检测患者体质量、白蛋白、谷胱甘肽（GSH）、握力的变化和肠功能不全的发生率。结果体质量两组治疗前后比较差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。白蛋白、握力和GSH Gl治疗后非常显著高于治疗前（P〈0．01）；白蛋白对照组治疗后较治疗前显著增高（P〈0．05），但握力和GSH治疗前后均无显著变化（P〉0.05）；肠功能不全的发生率Gln组为4．8％，显著低于对照组（28．6％，P〈0．05）。结论在危重病患者疾病早期通过静脉途径外源性地补充Gln，有效改善了患者的营养状况；使患者血浆中的GSH水平增高，加强了机体的抗氧化能力；减少了患者肠功能不全的发生率。     

尿激酶冲击治疗频发的短暂性脑缺血发作临床观察

目的观察尿激酶(天普洛欣)对频发的短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)的疗效。方法124例频发TIA患者随机分为尿激酶冲击治疗的尿激酶组(68例)和常规治疗的对照组(56例)。结果尿激酶组治疗后24小时、3天和15天内TIA发作的控制率分别为67.6%、89.7%和97.1%,均高于对照组的14.3%、76.8%和85.7%(P<0.01)。结论早期应用尿激酶冲击治疗能迅速控制频发TIA发作,明显改善重症患者的预后。     

Pick’s disease with Pick bodies combined with progressive supranuclear palsy without tuft‐shaped astrocytes: A clinical,neuroradiologic and pathological study of an autopsied case

We report clinical, neuroradiologic features, and neuropathologic findings of a 76‐year‐old man with coexistent Pick’s disease and progressive supranuclear palsy. The patient presented with loss of recent memory, abnormal behavior and change in personality at the age of 60. The symptoms were progressive. Three years later, repetitive or compulsive behavior became prominent. About 9 years after onset, he had difficulty moving and became bed‐ridden because of a fracture of his left leg. His condition gradually deteriorated and he developed mutism and became vegetative. The patient died from pneumonia 16 years after the onset of symptoms. Serial MRI scans showed progressive cortex atrophy, especially in the bilateral frontal and temporal lobes. Macroscopic inspection showed severe atrophy of the whole brain, including cerebrum, brainstem and cerebellum. Microscopic observations showed extensive superficial spongiosis and severe neuronal loss with gliosis in the second and third cortical layers in the frontal, temporal and parietal cortex. There were Pick cells and argyrophilic Pick bodies, which were tau‐ and ubiquitin‐positive in neurons of layers II–III of the above‐mentioned cortex. Numerous argyrophilic Pick bodies were observed in the hippocampus, especially in the dentate fascia. In addition, moderate to severe loss of neurons was found with gliosis and a lot of Gallyas/tau‐positive globus neurofibrillary tangles in the caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, thalamus, substantia nigra, locus coeruleus and dentate nucleus. Numerous thorned‐astrocytes and coiled bodies but no‐tuft shaped astrocytes were noted in the basal ganglion, brainstem and cerebellar white matter. In conclusion, these histopathological features were compatible with classical Pick’s disease and coexistence with progressive supranuclear palsy without tuft‐shaped astrocytes.     

Longitudinal gradient coil optimization in the presence of transient eddy currents.

The switching of magnetic field gradient coils in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) inevitably induces transient eddy currents in conducting system components, such as the cryostat vessel. These secondary currents degrade the spatial and temporal performance of the gradient coils, and compensation methods are commonly employed to correct for these distortions. This theoretical study shows that by incorporating the eddy currents into the coil optimization process, it is possible to modify a gradient coil design so that the fields created by the coil and the eddy currents combine together to generate a spatially homogeneous gradient that follows the input pulse. Shielded and unshielded longitudinal gradient coils are used to exemplify this novel approach. To assist in the evaluation of transient eddy currents induced within a realistic cryostat vessel, a low-frequency finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method using the total-field scattered-field (TFSF) scheme was performed. The simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method for optimizing longitudinal gradient fields while taking into account the spatial and temporal behavior of the eddy currents.     

MRV检测脑静脉窦血栓的作用

目的探讨磁共振静脉血管成像(MRV)用于检测脑静脉窦血栓(CVT)的应用价值。方法8例CVT患者均行MRI标准自旋回波T1WI、T2WI和VEN/3D/PCA。结果VEN/3D/PCA比标准SE序列T1WI和T2WI多检测出CVT3处,与脑血管造影的结果完全相符。结论MRV可以准确无创的诊断CVT。     

护士应用化疗药物中的防护调查

在给病人使用化疗药物的过程中,护士不可避免地接触抗肿瘤药物,因而对自身健康产生危害。为了维护护士的健康,提高护理人员的防护意识,我们对肿瘤专科护士做一个防护调查,现将情况介绍如下。1临床资料与方法1.1临床资料选取山西省肿瘤医院临床一线,参加工作2年以上并经常接触化