H—TdR前体掺入技术在复方中药抗癌制剂研究中的应用

将一种快速、灵敏、可靠、简便的抗癌活性微量测定技术——~3H—TdR前体掺入技术用于复方中药抗癌制剂制备工艺筛选,短期内即拟定出较合理的工艺,经临床及14项生物学指标综合评定,该制剂疗效好,无明显的毒副作用。表明把一些快速、灵敏的医学检测技术引入药物制备工艺、质量标准及稳定性研究,可克服由于活性成分不清楚带来的一些困难,拓宽了研究途径,提高了研究水平。     

体外丹参、藻酸双酯钠对脑血栓形成患者红细胞与内皮细胞粘附的影响

丹参、藻酸双酯钠是临床治疗脑血管病的常用药。本研究发现，在体外流场中用丹参、藻酸双酯钠分别处理脑血栓形成病人的红细胞后，此红细胞与培养的人脉静脉内皮细胞的粘附数目明显减少、粘附强度明显减弱；而且，在临床常用剂量下藻酸双酯钠的这种抗粘附作用优于丹参。认为丹参、藻酸双酯钠的这种抗粘附作用可能是临床用以治疗脑血栓形成的一个重要机理。     

肺炎链球菌β-内酰胺酶TEM基因的发现

目的：探讨肺炎链球菌是否产β-内酰胺酶。方法：对2002年9月至2003年4月在苏州大学附属儿童医院就诊的呼吸道感染患儿痰标本中分离到的23株肺炎链球菌进行β-内酰胺酶TEM基因PCR检测与PCR扩增产物直接测序分析。结果：23株肺炎链球菌经TEM基因PCR检测21株阳性，阳性率达91．3％。测得1号菌株(SR001)基因序列为TEM-1型，已登录美国国立生物信息中心，注册号：AY392531。结论：从肺炎链球菌中检出β-内酰胺酶TEM基因。肺炎链球菌对青霉素耐药机制包括产β-内酰胺酶。     

重症SARS的X线影像表现

目的探讨重症严重急性呼吸综合征(SARS)的X线表现.方法回顾性分析37例重症SARS患者的一系列X线胸片变化规律.结果重症SARS患者胸片表现为两肺阴影迅速进展,大部分区域受累.有3种表现类型:①19例表现为弥漫大片云雾状影,病灶无明显分界,肺纹理显示不清;②13例表现为弥漫棉团状密影,边缘模糊,肺纹理增粗;③5例表现为多发大团块密影,边缘模糊,可见支气管气相.如无合并症发生,对症治疗有效,1个月左右肺部阴影消失.6例肺部合并G-杆菌感染,5例合并纵隔气肿,出现合并症时,肺部阴影延迟吸收.结论重症SARS患者的X线影像为肺部密影快速进展至两肺大部分区域,易合并纵隔气肿及肺部感染.     

超声刀在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的应用研究

目的　探讨超声刀在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的应用价值。方法　将 86例腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者随机分为超声刀组 ( 3 4例 )与电刀组( 5 2例 ) ,分别使用超声刀与单极电刀完成手术 ,比较术中及术后的效果。结果　 86例手术顺利完成 ,无中转开腹。手术时间分别为 ( 4 5±7)min和 ( 62± 9)min(P <0 0 1) ,术中出血量分别为 ( 5± 0 .8)ml和 ( 2 0± 5 )ml(P <0 .0 1) ,术后肠道功能恢复时间分别为 ( 2 0± 4)h和 ( 2 4±6)h(P <0 0 1) ,两组均无胆瘘发生。结论　超声刀在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中较电刀更快捷 ,出血更少 ,术后恢复更快     

环氧乙烷对大鼠DNA损伤机理的研究

为探讨环氧乙烷（ＥｔＯ）对ＤＮＡ分子水平的损伤作用，采用血红蛋白基因特异性的单引物，对用ＥｔＯ染毒不同时间的Ｗｉｓｔａｒ雄鼠和对照个体的肝、肾、睾丸等组织的ＤＮＡ进行半随机ＰＣＲ扩增。结果显示：在吸入染毒（８００ｍｇ／ｍ３）６～９周条件下，ＥｔＯ可引起肝、肾、睾丸等组织不同程度的ＤＮＡ损伤，其中睾丸组织ＤＮＡ损伤最为严重。     

Ultrastructural identification of cholinergic neurons in the external cuneate nucleus of the gerbil: acetylcholinesterase histochemistry and choline acetyltransferase immunocytochemistry

Summary Using acetylcholinesterase histochemical and choline acetyltransferase immunocytochemical localization methods, this study has provided conclusive evidence for the existence of cholinergic neurons in the external cuneate nucleus of gerbils. By light microscopy, both acetylcholinesterase and choline acetyltransferase labelling was confined to the rostral portion of the external cuneate nucleus. Ultrastructurally, acetylcholinesterase reaction products were found in the nuclear envelope, cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi saccules of some somata and large dendrites as well as in the membranes of small dendrites, myelinated axons and axon terminals. These neuronal elements were also stained for choline acetyltransferase; immunoreactivity was associated with nuclear pores, nuclear envelope, perikaryal membrane and all the membranous structures within the cytoplasm. Of the total choline acetyltransferase-labelled neuronal profiles analysed, 79% were myelinated axons, 15% dendrites, 4% somata and 2% axon terminals. The immunostained axon terminals consisted of two types containing either round (Rd type; 62.5%) or pleomorphic (Pd type; 37.5%) vesicles. Both were associated directly with choline acetyltransferase-positive dendrites. In contrast to the paucity of choline acetyltransferase-labelled axon terminals, numerous choline acetyltransferase-positive myelinated axons were present. It may thus be hypothesized that most, if not all, of the external cuneate nucleus cholinergic neurons are projection cells; such cells may give rise to axonal collaterals which synapse onto their own dendrites for possible feedback control. Choline acetyltransferase-positive dendrites were contacted by numerous unlabelled presynaptic boutons, 60% of which contained round or spherical synaptic vesicles (Rd boutons) and 40% flattened vesicles (Fd boutons), suggesting that these neurons are under strong inhibitory control. The preferential concentration of cholinergic components in the rostral external cuneate nucleus may be significant in the light of the highly organized somatotopy in the external cuneate nucleus and its extensive efferent projections to medullary autonomic-related nuclei. Our results suggest that the cholinergic neurons may be involved in somatoautonomic integration.     

心理社会因素对医学生自信水平的影响

目的：寻找影响医学自我评价的有关因素，为提高他们的自信程度提供参考。方法：采用个人评价问卷（PEI）、应付方式问卷、症状自评量有（SCL－90）及一般情况调查表（自制）对450例学生进行调查，结果：性别、身高、体重、班委、恋爱、母亲文化程度，父亲健康状况，家庭经济状况，解决问题，求助等因素与PEI量表总分量呈显著正相关，SCL－90各因子呈显著分和总均分及自责，幻想，退缩，合理化与PEI量表总分负相关。结论：医学生的自我评价受到自身心理状况，应付方式、家庭状况等因素的影响。     

Surgical treatment of lung cancer: promise and problems of early diagnosis

Recent studies have shown that the survival of patients with lung cancer is improved if the tumour is resected before it becomes larger than 3 cm in diameter and before it spreads to lymph nodes. While this suggests a positive benefit from early detection, recent mass-screening studies have claimed that the benefit obtained from this procedure is illusory because it relates to a lead-time bias. This study reports the results of surgical resection of 143 primary lung cancers. The data confirmed that the predicted 5-year survival was greatest (74%) following resection of lesions that were less than 3 cm in diameter without node involvement. Analysis showed that the age of these patients was 63 +/- 8 years, the same as in patients with larger tumours and more extensive node involvement. This suggests that tumours progress rapidly from a stage at which resection is beneficial to stages at which it is not. Although it is desirable that tests predict the presence of small tumours, the high requirements for sensitivity and specificity at current prevalence rates for lung cancer make this goal impractical.     

以白舒非联合环磷酰胺作为异基因干细胞移植预处理方案的不良反应的观察及护理体会

目的 报道白消安注射液（白舒非）联合环磷酰胺作为异基因干细胞移植的预处理方案的相关毒性及其护理要点，以提高护士对相关病情的观察及护理水平。方法对2例异基因干细胞移植的患者行移植前的各项准备，并行外周中心静脉导管置管术。预处理方案均行白消安加环磷酰胺。结果 2例患者均顺利度过预处理期，并成功接受异基因干细胞移植。结论 在预处理过程中，移植护士准确的操作及全面、细致的观察病情的变化，并正确处理药物的各种不良反应是预处理成功的关键因素之一。