结核分枝杆菌耐多药现状调查分析

目的 了解结核分枝杆菌的医院感染和耐多药现状,以采取有效措施控制医院感染,同时为临床合理用药提供科学依据.方法 对2008年1月-2009年12月,医院1460例肺结核菌阳性患者痰标本分离的结核分枝杆菌培养与药敏试验的结果 进行回顾性分析.结果 1460株结核分枝杆菌株中耐多药占40.68%;多耐药的肺结核菌株占23.58%;单耐药占35.74%.结论 各级结核病医院必须重视结核分枝杆菌的耐药监测,预防耐多药菌株的传播与流行.     

Evaluation of Plant–Microorganism Synergy for the Remediation of Diesel Fuel Contaminated Soil

The remediation of diesel fuel contaminated soil over a 2-year period by the plant-microorganism synergy was evaluated. Results indicated that the growth of Astragalus adsurgens was affected significantly, when the diesel fuel concentration was higher than 10 g kg(-1) dry soil. After a 2-year period, the removal of diesel fuel was >67%, and about 58-70% removal of aromatic hydrocarbons was obtained in these treatments. The removal of diesel fuel and its components was 13-30% higher than that of plant alone. These results show that an appropriate plant-microorganism synergy may serve as a low-cost, effective remedial technology for diesel-contaminated soil.     

黑河2004～2006年度0～4岁儿童死亡分析

目的 了解黑河市0～4岁儿童的主要死因,为降低儿童死亡率提供科学依据.方法 对2004～2006年黑河市儿童死亡报告卡核对无误后,进行汇总分析.结果 儿童死亡以婴儿死亡,特别是新生儿死亡占较高比例.232例死亡儿童中,新生儿死亡164例,占70.7%.死因多为病理状态下的新生儿,主要有早产、低出生体重、出生窒息等.结论 要加强孕产期系统管理,预防早产和畸形儿的发生;加强产科建设,提高产科质量,规范产时监护,预防新生儿窒息的发生;做好新生儿期的保健,预防和控制相应疾病的发生和死亡,从而达到降低儿童死亡的目的.     

医院动力设备集群监控系统开发中应用项目管理方法的探讨

医院后勤设备开发项目具有设备品种多、数量少、流程复杂、跨部门流程多等特点,因此经常受到来自多方面因素的影响。这些影响对项目的时间、成本、质量等控制目标是不利的。文章通过对医院在变配电系统、热力系统等动力设备集群监控系统建设中引入项目管理方法的介绍,阐述了应用项目管理方法对提高医院后勤设备开发项目成功率的作用。     

中小医院开展医疗护理质量月活动的实践与思考

面对激烈的医疗市场竞争和刻不容缓的军事斗争卫勤准备,如何提高医院的质量水平和综合实力,更好地为人民群众服务,为部队官兵服务,是部队中小医院不断思考和努力解决的实际问题.坚持创新、加强管理、完善制度、练好内功、发展内涵,是化解医院前进中的矛盾、克服医院发展中的困难最有效的手段之一.本院积极开展医疗护理质量月活动,通过2年的实践,医德医风明显改善,服务质量明显提高,科研学术风气空前浓厚,保障能力显著增强,全面建设上了新台阶.     

汽车尾气对血清Hcy与颈动脉中膜厚度关系的影响

目的探讨暴露于汽车尾气是否增加血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)浓度,以及血清同型半胱氨酸水平与动脉内膜-中膜厚度(IMT)的关系。方法随机选取65名高速公路收费员和43名健康对照,血清同型半胱氨酸采用高压液相色谱法测量,采用多普勒测量。结果高速公路收费员血清Hcy(14.5±4.9mmol/L)和IMT(0.757±0.18mm)均高于对照组(12.0±2.8mmol/L、0.612±0.11mm),且具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。在高速公路收费员组(r=0.36,P<0.005)和对照组(r=0.36,P<0.005)中血清同型半胱氨酸与IMT均呈正相关。结论长期暴露于汽车尾气可引起氧化应激,机体血清同型半胱氨酸水平升高,导致IMT增厚。     

广州市海珠区桑拿按摩从业人员艾滋病相关知识调查

目的了解桑拿按摩行业对艾滋病知识知晓情况,以便有针对性地进行健康教育。方法2004年11月对海珠区部分桑拿按摩行业从业人员进行不记名自填式答卷方式,对桑拿按摩从业人员进行艾滋病相关知识调查。结果176名桑拿按摩从业人员对艾滋病相关知识知晓率平均达到51.2%;对艾滋病传播途径了解率较高,知晓率超过50%的项目从高到低依次为:性交、共用注射器针头、母婴传播、接受输血及血液制品等。但被调查者对蚊虫叮咬、共用马桶等传播途径仍然存在误解。结论桑拿按摩从业人员对预防艾滋病知识有所了解,获得艾滋病有关知识的信息渠道主要是报纸、科普宣传栏和板报、电影电视。但还需加大防治工作的力度,加强宣传和健康教育,做好干预工作,阻断艾滋病病毒性传播的环节。     

Determining the significance of coagulase-negative staphylococci identified in cultures of paired blood specimens from neonates by species identification and strain clonality.

Of 13 paired coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) isolates recovered from cultures of paired blood specimens obtained simultaneously from peripheral sites from neonates with clinical sepsis, 12 were identical species with identical genotypes. Isolation of CoNS in cultures of 2 blood samples obtained simultaneously from separate sites in neonates usually represents true infection.     

Antioxidant, anti-semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase, and anti-hypertensive activities of geraniin isolated from Phyllanthus urinaria

The wrinkle-fruited leaf flower (Phyllanthus urinaria L.) (Euphorbiaceae) is widely used as a traditional folk medicine for inflammatory relief. Geraniin, the hydrolysable tannin, was purified by a series of chromatographic processes from the 70% aqueous acetone extracts of P. urinaria and identified by NMR [1H (500 MHz) and 13C NMR (126 MHz)] spectra and mass spectroscopy. The scavenging activities of geraniin against DPPH radicals (half-inhibition concentration, IC50, were 0.92 and 1.27 microM, respectively, for pH 4.5 and pH 7.9), hydroxyl radicals (IC50 was 0.11 microM by deoxyribose method and 1.44 microM by electron spin resonance method), and superoxide radicals (IC50 were 2.65 microM) were determined in comparison with positive controls. The inhibitory activities against xanthine oxidase (IC50 were 30.49 microM) were measured. Geraniin also showed dose-dependent inhibitory activities against semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO, IC50 were 6.58 microM) and against angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE, IC50 were 13.22microM). For kinetic property determinations, geraniin showed competitive inhibitions against SSAO (the apparent inhibition constant, Ki, was 0.70microM) and mixed noncompetitive inhibitions against ACE. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR, 10-week age) were orally administered to once (5 mg geraniin/kg SHR), and changes of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured over 24 h and compared with the positive control of captopril (2 mg/kg SHR). The geraniin showed antihypertensive activity in lowering SBP and DBP and showed a significant difference from the blank (distilled water) at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 24 h. Healthy food products could use geraniin for antioxidant protection and therapeutic effects in the future.