人血管生成素-1基因cDNA的克隆及结构分析

 目的 克隆人血管生成素-1基因,并分析其结构特征,为研究生理及病理性血管生成奠定基础。方法 提取人胎盘组织总RNA,用逆转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)技术扩增逆转录产物,经克隆及序列测定获得人血管生成素-1 cD-NA;用计算机软件分析基因序列及编码蛋白质结构。结果 获得高质量的胎盘组织总RNA。RT-PCR扩增出—1.5 kb的cD-NA片段,将PCR产物的阳性克隆测序,显示含1534 bp的插入片段,可编码503个氨基酸的蛋白质,与小鼠的血管生成素-1氨基酸高度同源。编码的氨基酸中含3个功能结构域。结论 为从基因及蛋白质水平研究人血管生成素-1与生理、病理性血管生成奠定了基础。     

不稳定型心绞痛调脂治疗对血浆C反应蛋白及纤维蛋白原水平的影响

 目的 观察不稳定型心绞痛(UAP)患者调脂治疗前后,血浆C反应蛋白(CRP)及纤维蛋白原(FIB)的水平变化。方法 选择UAP患者67例,随机分为两组,治疗组(n=35)给予辛伐他汀和常规治疗,对照组(n=32)仅给予常规治疗,分别测定两组患者治疗前后的血浆CRP水平、FIB水平。结果 (1)治疗6周后,治疗组血浆CRP水平、FIB水平均明显低于对照组,分别为(6.81±3.97)mg／L对(9.73±4.86)mg／L,P＜0.01和(2.86±0.98)mg／L对(4.15±1.03)mg／L,P＜0.01;(2)治疗组血浆CRP水平、FIB水平的降低与胆固醇(TC)水平的降低不相关。结论 UAP调脂治疗具有抗血管内皮炎症反应的作用,并独立于降脂之外。     

利福平药动学对药物性肝损害的影响研究

目的：本文通过对利福平导致药物性肝损害机理的研究，寻找治疗结核病而不致造成药物性肝损-害的合理给药方案。方法：采用药动学和免疫学对利福平导致药物性肝损害机理进行研究。结果与结论：药物性肝损害可能是由于利福平代谢物引起，减少用量，提高血药浓度，减少代谢物形成是预防药物肝损害的有效途径。     

成批烧伤病人的抢救处理原则(附54例病例报告)

目的：探讨成批烧伤病人早期抢救与处理方法，商榷成批烧伤病人的数量。方法：本科1996年至2000年抢救成功的4批烧伤病人共54例，全部应用烧伤湿性医疗技术（MEBT/MEBO）治疗。对早期抢救治疗提出了7条处理原则。结果：治愈52例（治愈率96.30%）；死亡2例（病死率3.70%）；创面少量植皮4例（占7.70%），其余均为生理性愈合；创面平均愈合天数为26.61天，愈合创面无明显瘢痕及功能障碍。结论：成批烧伤病人早期严格执行MEBT/MEBO操作规程，坚持7条处置原则及中后期综合治疗方案，可提高成批烧伤病人的救治成功率。     

中药烧伤膏I号联合削痂治疗小面积Ⅲ度烧伤的疗效观察

目的　探讨中药烧伤膏1号联合削痂治疗小面积Ⅲ度烧的疗效。方法　常规清创和削、切痂后,局部贴敷中药烧伤膏Ⅰ号,创面溶脱,液化前隔日换药,以后每日换药直至创面愈合。结果　全部病例均未植皮,创面愈合良好,愈合时间25-48d,82％(59/72)病例在5周内治愈。结论　该法不需植皮,愈合快,瘢痕轻,不失为是治疗小面积深度烧伤的有效方法之一。     

Commuting, leisure-time physical activity, and cardiovascular risk factors in China

PURPOSE: The relationship between both commuting and leisure-time physical activity and selected cardiovascular risk factors was analyzed. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was carried out in 1996 in urban Tianjin, China. A total of 2002 male and 1974 female subjects aged 15-69 yr completed the survey. Commuting, leisure-time physical activity, body mass index, blood pressure, and cigarette smoking were determined. RESULTS: Doing more than 60 min of commuting physical activity or combined commuting and leisure-time physical activity was related to the highest mean blood pressure and the highest prevalence of hypertension among both genders compared with going to and from work by bus; 31-60 min commuting only or commuting plus leisure-time physical activity was associated with the lowest mean blood pressure in women and the lowest prevalence of hypertension in both genders. Daily time on commuting or leisure-time physical activity was inversely related to mean body mass index and prevalence of overweight among men and prevalence of smoking among both genders. CONCLUSION: The present study suggests that commuting and leisure-time physical activity were favorably associated with cardiovascular risk factors in this Chinese population, except that more than 60 min of physical activity was associated with high blood pressure.     

Adjuvante simultane Radiochemotherapie nach operiertem Uteruszervixkarzinom in der High-Risk-Situation Ergebnisse einer Pilotuntersuchung

BACKGROUND: The most important factors for prognosis of cervical cancers are age and histological criteria such as the tumor size, the involvement of lymph nodes, lympho-vascular space involvement as well as microvessel involvement and poor tumor differentiation (grading 3). Here we present the results of concomitant chemo-radiation at high-risk situation of patients with cervical cancer after surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study comprised 34 patients with median age of 40 years (26-63 years) after Wertheim surgical technique for cervical cancer at the FIGO Stages IB (n = 19) and IIB (n = 15). All patients were treated between November 1995 and June 1999 by a schedule of concomitant chemoradiation. The indication for this treatment was given by the positive histological proof of lymph node metastasis, microvessel or lympho-vascular space involvement as well as a G3 grading. The chemo-therapy was given in week 1 and 5 (day 1-5 and day 29-33). The dosage of cisplatin was 20 mg/m2/d on every day and 5-FU was given as a 120-h infusion with 600 mg/m2/d. The external beam radiotherapy was applied to the pelvis with 1.8 Gy per fraction up to 50.4-54 Gy. In two patients the paraaortal region was irradiated too because of the involvement of these lymph nodes. RESULTS: The median observation time was 48 months (3-68 months). 30 patients are alive (88%) in complete response. Four patients died. The mean survival was 61 +/- 3 months. We have seen only slight acute toxicities of grade 1 and 2. Three patients suffered from a grade 3 diarrhea and three patients developed a grade 3 leukopenia. In seven patients we found a secondary lymphedema as a late toxicity. CONCLUSION: The concomitant chemoradiation containing cisplatin in high-risk situation for cervical cancer after surgery improves the outcome and survival in these patients.     

New frontiers in CT imaging of airway disease

Combining helical volumetric CT acquisition and thin-slice thickness during breath hold provides an accurate assessment of both focal and diffuse airway diseases. With multiple detector rows, compared with single-slice helical CT, multislice CT can cover a greater volume, during a simple breath hold, and with better longitudinal and in-plane spatial resolution and improved temporal resolution. The result in data set allows the generation of superior multiplanar and 3D images of the airways, including those obtained from techniques developed specifically for airway imaging, such as virtual bronchography and virtual bronchoscopy. Complementary CT evaluation at suspended or continuous full expiration is mandatory to detect air trapping that is a key finding for depicting an obstruction on the small airways. Indications for CT evaluation of the airways include: (a) detection of endobronchial lesions in patients with an unexplained hemoptysis; (b) evaluation of extent of tracheobronchial stenosis for planning treatment and follow-up; (c) detection of congenital airway anomalies revealed by hemoptysis or recurrent infection; (d) detection of postinfectious or postoperative airway fistula or dehiscence; and (e) diagnosis and assessment of extent of bronchiectasis and small airway disease. Improvement in image analysis technique and the use of spirometrically control of lung volume acquisition have made possible accurate and reproducible quantitative assessment of airway wall and lumen areas and lung density. This contributes to better insights in physiopathology of obstructive lung disease, particularly in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma.     

The Influence of Drinking Motives on Hookah use Frequency Among Young Multi-Substance Users

The present work examined the influence of drinking motives on hookah use frequency among individuals reporting both alcohol and hookah use (multi-substance users). Despite growing documentation of cross-substance effects between motives and substance use, limited research has examined these relationships specifically with respect to hookah use. Participants were 134 (75.37 % female) hookah and alcohol users, aged 18–47 years (M = 22.17, SD = 3.66) who completed measures of substance use, drinking motives, and reported demographic information. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to investigate the predictive value of drinking motives on hookah use frequency, age taken into account. Findings showed that hookah use was negatively associated with age (β = ? .22, p?≤??.?01). The model regressing hookah use on the four drinking motives provided adequate fit (χ ² = 314.31, df = 180, p < .05, CFI = .92, RMSEA = .075 [95 % CI, .06–.09]). Hookah use was associated negatively with social motives (β = ? .43, p?≤??.?001) and positively with conformity motives (β = .24, p?≤??.?05). These findings are consistent with multi-substance use literature suggesting that drinking motives are associated with the use of other substances, including increased hookah use frequency. Additional examinations of cross-substance cognitive processes are needed, particularly with respect to understanding whether hookah use among multi-substance users may be contingent in part on individual factors including negative affectivity.     

The Mechanisms of Mindfulness in the Treatment of Mental Illness and Addiction

Consistent with its growing popularity amongst the general public and medical community, throughout recent decades there have been increasing attempts to understand the mechanisms that underlie therapeutic improvement in individuals receiving mindfulness training. The current paper draws upon findings from various remits of scientific enquiry and summarises key evidence-based mechanisms of mindfulness that have been proposed in the academic literature to date. Empirical findings indicate that mindfulness targets biological, psychological, social, and spiritual psychopathology determinants. Furthermore, the mechanistic pathways exploited by mindfulness are likely to vary according to factors such as (i) the type of mindfulness-based intervention that is administered (e.g., first- or second-generation mindfulness-based interventions), (ii) the specific clinical disorder that is being targeted, (iii) the educational, social, and spiritual history of the participant, and (iv) the extent to which the mindfulness instructor truly embodies the principles of mindful living. It is hoped that the mechanisms of mindfulness discussed in this paper will contribute to the formulation of a more complete picture that can be tested and expanded upon during future scientific enquiry.