大面积头皮缺损及颅骨外露的显微外科修复

目的　探讨大面积头皮缺损及颅骨外露修复的手术方法的选择。　方法　自 1986年以来 ,共收治大面积头皮缺损及颅骨外露 3 6例 ,应用逆流颞顶筋膜瓣结合中厚皮片移植、下斜方肌肌皮瓣移植修复及轴型头皮瓣结合皮片移植修复 ,创面最大 2 6cm× 2 4cm ,颅骨外露最大面积 2 2cm× 18cm。　结果　共切取皮瓣、筋膜瓣及肌皮瓣 3 4块 ,其中 1例局部头皮瓣因缝合有张力 ,边缘裂开 ,换药后再次用局部小皮瓣修复痊愈。 1例下斜方肌肌皮瓣远端 4cm表皮坏死 ,行补充植皮治疗后愈合 ,其余皮瓣均完全成活 ,术后经半年～ 1年随访 ,效果满意。　结论　逆流颞顶筋膜瓣是头皮肿瘤切除后顶额部骨外露修复的有效方法之一 ;下斜方肌肌皮瓣则是修复全头皮撕脱大面积颅骨外露较为理想的方法。     

Ex vivo comparative study using the Endolifter® as a traction device for enhancing submucosal visualization during endoscopic submucosal dissection

Background

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a technically demanding procedure, and exposure of the submucosa depends on the action of gravity and submucosal injection. The aim of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of the Endolifter^® as a traction device for enhancing submucosal visualization during ESD.

Methods

This was a prospective ex vivo comparative study conducted between September 2010 and March 2011 in the Prince of Wales Hospital. Consecutive ESDs were performed by four experienced endoscopists in an ex vivo ESD model with or without the Endolifter^®. The Endolifter^® allows simultaneous grasping, retracting and lifting of the mucosa during ESD, resulting in exposure of the submucosa. Each of the procedures were recorded and reviewed later by two independent assessors. The outcome measures included the proportion of time that the submucosa was visualized during the procedures (SM ratio), procedural times, perforation rates, amount of submucosal injections, and the difficulty of the procedure.

Results

Forty-eight gastric ESD procedures were performed on the model. The SM ratio was higher in the Endolifter^® group (P = 0.007), particularly for lesions located at the antrum (P < 0.001). The time required for submucosal dissection and the total procedural time were also less in the Endolifter^® group. The endoscopists rated the ESD procedures in the Endolifter^® group as less difficult (P = 0.033).

Conclusions

The Endolifter^® improved submucosal visualization during gastric ESD and reduces the difficulty of performing the procedures. The device may improve the ease of performing ESD in low-volume centers or large mucosal lesions.     

Double-bundle anatomical versus single-bundle isometric medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction for patellar dislocation

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to evaluate reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) using the double-bundle anatomical or single-bundle isometric procedure with respect to the patients’ clinical outcomes.

Methods

In this retrospective study, we evaluated the clinical outcome of double-bundle anatomical versus single-bundle isometric reconstruction of the MPFL for patellar dislocation patients. Sixty-three patients were included in this study from August 2004 to January 2008. From August 2004 to September 2006, MPFL reconstruction using a single-bundle isometric technique was performed in 21 patients (26 knees). Since October 2006, the double-bundle anatomical reconstruction of the MPFL has been used as the routine surgical procedure. It was performed in 37 patients (44 knees). Fifty-eight patients (70 knees) could be followed up. According to the different techniques, we divided the patients into two groups: group D with double-bundle anatomical reconstruction (37 patients) and group S with single-bundle isometric reconstruction (21 patients). Clinical evaluation consisted of the number with a patellar re-dislocation, patellar apprehension sign, Kujala score, subjective questionnaire score, the patella lateral shift rate and patellar tilt angle measured by cross-sectional CT scan.

Results

According to the Kujala score and the subjective questionnaire score, the outcome of the double-bundle group was better than the outcome of the single-bundle group especially in the long-term. Patellar re-dislocation occurred in three patients in the group S, while no re-dislocation occurred in the group D. In total, 26.9 % of group S was considered to have patellar instability, compared to 4.54 % of the group D. After operation, the patellar tilt angle (PTA) and the patella lateral shift rate (PLSR) were restored to the normal range, with statistical significance (P < 0.05) compared to the preoperative state.

Conclusion

Single- and double-bundle reconstruction of the MPFL can both effectively restore patella stability and improve knee function. However, outcomes in the follow-up period showed that the double-bundle surgery procedure was much better than in single-bundle surgery.     

内镜标本端粒酶定量检测对良恶性梗阻性黄疸的诊断价值

目的　为探讨胆胰系统恶性肿瘤组织与端粒酶表达的关系 ,并在术前找出一种简便、安全、快速的早期诊断及鉴别良、恶性梗阻性黄疸的方法。方法　对梗阻性黄疸病例于术前行内镜逆行胰胆管造影 (ERCP)检查 ,于造影前抽取胆汁或胰液、部分病例取活检组织 ,并于开腹手术当中再次切取癌组织标本 ,所有标本进行端粒酶活性的定量检测 ,所得数据进行统计学处理。结果　 (1)恶性梗阻性黄疸组织标本中端粒酶表达阳性率为 87 5 0 % (2 8/ 32 ) ,良性梗阻性黄疸组织标本中端粒酶表达阳性率为 3 33% (1/ 30 ) ;(2 )恶性梗阻性黄疸体液标本中端粒酶表达阳性率为 71 88% (2 3/ 32 ) ,良性梗阻性黄疸体液标本中端粒酶表达阳性率为 3 33% (1/ 30 ) ,恶性梗阻性黄疸内镜下钳取的活检组织 ,其端粒酶阳性率为 83 33% (10 / 12 )。结论　在术前通过十二指肠镜采集患者的胆汁和胰液 ,并钳取活检组织 ,分别进行端粒酶活性的定量检测 ,这是一种简便、安全、快速的早期诊断及鉴别良、恶性梗阻性黄疸的方法。     

高频线阵型超声波在肛瘘诊断中的应用

目的：探讨高频线阵型超声波在肛瘘诊断中的价值。方法：使用GE公司LOGIQ7型超声波诊断仪10MHz高频线阵型探头对26例复杂肛瘘及可疑肛瘘患者进行术前检查，并与手术结果对比。结果：超声波显示情况与手术结果完全符合。结论：高频线阵型超声波在肛瘘诊断中具有较高的价值。     

脑室-腹腔分流术后分流不畅的原因分析及处理

目的 总结脑室-腹腔分流术后发生分流不畅的治疗经验。方法 2010年1月至2014年1月采用脑室-腹腔分流术治疗脑积水患者87例。结果 术后出现分流不畅共6例,占6.90%（6/87）。梗阻性脑积水患者3例,远端和近端梗阻各1例,行神经内镜下第三脑室底造瘘术;远端堵塞1例,行脑室-心房分流术后好转。交通性脑积水患者3例,1例远端堵塞,行左侧脑室-腹腔分流术后好转;2例分流系统通畅但症状进行性加重,更换更低压力分流泵后好转。结论 严格把握脑室-腹腔分流术指征,选择合适分流系统和手术方式,规范精细的手术操作有助于预防术后分流不畅的发生;脑室-心房分流术、第三脑室底造瘘术对分流不畅的治疗有较好作用。     

颈动脉支架成形术治疗颅外段颈动脉夹层的疗效观察

目的 评价颈动脉支架成形术治疗颅外段颈动脉夹层的有效性及安全性。方法 选择颅外段颈动脉夹层患者9例,均行颈动脉支架成形术,观察术后血管狭窄及夹层动脉瘤改善情况,围术期并发症的发生情况,对患者随访3个月到1年。结果 手术技术成功率为100%,术后平均残余狭窄率均≤30%,患者颈动脉平均狭窄程度从(75.0±17.6)%降低至(15.8±9.2)%,夹层动脉瘤均消失,支架置入手术前后比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。患者术后缺血相关症状均有明显改善,围术期所有患者均未出现症状性脑卒中,无手术相关死亡事件发生,随访无缺血性脑血管事件发生,1例患者可见支架内再狭窄。结论 颈动脉支架成形术治疗颅外段颈动脉夹层安全、有效。     

自体颅骨修补术后影响骨瓣吸收的危险因素分析

目的探讨影响自体颅骨修补术后骨吸收的危险因素。方法回顾性分析2001年1月至2012年12月期间经临沂市人民医院神经外科行自体颅骨修补的患者178例,含201块自体骨瓣,根据术后CT特点对骨吸收进行分级,探讨各危险因素与骨吸收分级之间的关系。结果骨吸收分级在性别、修补时间和骨瓣面积间的差异无意义(P0.05),患者平均年龄随骨吸收分级上升呈下降趋势,但骨吸收各分级间的平均年龄之间差异无意义(P0.05)。骨吸收分级与缺损位置有关(P0.05),重度骨吸收多发生于额颞部和颞部。伴有骨折的骨瓣重度骨吸收发生率高于骨瓣完整者(P0.05)。伴发脑积水并行脑室-腹腔分流术的患者与未行脑室-腹腔分流术的患者相比,前者术后骨瓣塌陷的发生率高于后者(P0.05)。结论自体颅骨修补术后骨吸收分级与患者性别、年龄、修补时间和骨瓣面积无关。骨吸收分级与缺损位置有关,重度骨吸收多发生于额颞部和颞部。伴有骨折的骨瓣重度骨吸收发生率高于骨瓣完整者。伴发脑积水并行脑室-腹腔分流术后容易发生骨瓣塌陷。