巢蛋白(Nestin)在胃肠道间质瘤组织中的表达及其临床意义

目的　通过检测胃肠道间质瘤 (GIST )组织中巢蛋白 (nestin)的表达 ,探讨nestin在GIST的诊断、鉴别诊断及起源中的意义。方法　应用免疫组织化学技术EnVision微波二步法 ,检测 94例GIST (良性 44例 ,恶性 5 0例 )组织中nestin蛋白的表达 ,并与平滑肌瘤和平滑肌肉瘤进行对照研究。结果　GIST组织中nestin的阳性表达率为 95 .7% ( 90 /94) ,良、恶性组nestin的阳性率分别为 97.7% ( 4 3 /4 4)、94.0 % ( 4 7/5 0 )。 2组的表达水平无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。平滑肌瘤和平滑肌肉瘤nestin表达均阴性。结论　Nestin作为胃肠道间质瘤的 1种特异而敏感的新标志物 ,对GIST的诊断及鉴别诊断有重要意义 ,但不能作为GIST分化程度的指标 ,同时提示GIST可能起源于向卡哈尔细胞 (ICC )表型分化的干细胞。     

OCT4: A sensitive and specific biomarker for intratubular germ cell neoplasia of the testis.

PURPOSE: OCT4 (POU5F1, OCT3) immunostaining highlights pluripotent cells (embryonal carcinoma and seminoma) in primary testicular germ cell tumors, but its relative usefulness in diagnosing intratubular germ cell neoplasia, unclassified (IGCNU) is not well established. The present study aimed to establish OCT4 as a sensitive and specific maker for IGCNU, a putative precursor for adult germ cell tumors. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We evaluated OCT4 immunostaining in 44 cases of IGCNU from patients who had testicular germ cell tumors. In addition, 27 of the 44 IGCNU sections were also examined with antibodies to placenta-like alkaline phosphatase, the most frequently used immunohistochemical marker for intratubular germ cell neoplasia. Sections from the testes of 10 patients who had undergone orchiectomy for hormonal treatment of prostate cancer and from autopsies of 10 patients without histories of germ cell tumors were also examined for OCT4 immunostaining. The immunoreactivity of the autopsy tissues was determined with vimentin staining, and all were reactive. RESULTS: In all 44 of the cases, antibody to OCT4 marked the nuclei of nearly all of the dysplastic cells of intratubular germ cell neoplasia but not non-neoplastic testicular cells. The staining intensity was strong in every case, and there was little or no background staining. All 20 of the control specimens (10 orchiectomy specimens from prostate cancer patients and 10 testes from autopsies) were completely negative for OCT4. The 27 cases that were stained with antiplacenta-like alkaline phosphatase antibodies showed staining of variable intensity in the areas of intratubular germ cell neoplasia, and there was a high level of background staining artifact. CONCLUSIONS: OCT4 is a sensitive and specific maker for intratubular germ cell neoplasia.     

力尔凡对直肠癌MMP-7表达的影响及其临床意义

目的:评价力尔凡对直肠癌MMP蛳7表达的影响及临床意义。方法:将32例低位直肠癌患者随机分为力尔凡治疗组与对照组,治疗组在术前瘤体内注射力尔凡后接受手术治疗,对照组仅接受手术治疗,并通过免疫组化法分别检测两组MMP蛳7的表达。结果:MMP蛳7在对照组与力尔凡治疗组的表达明显高于对照组,分别为85.7 %,68.7 %,有显著性差异;对照组中Dukes B期和C期MMP蛳7的表达有显著性差异。结论:术前瘤体内注射力尔凡,可明显降低直肠癌MMP蛳7的表达,在Dukes C期比B期更明显。     

抑癌基因PTEN在口腔涎腺腺样囊性癌组织中的表达

目的　从蛋白水平研究抑癌基因 10号染色体缺失的磷酸酯酶及张力蛋白同源物 (PTEN ) ,在口腔涎腺腺样囊性癌中表达及其意义。方法　采用免疫组织化学方法检测 3 4例腺样囊性癌 (其中筛孔型 14例 ,管状型 11例 ,实体型 9例 )组织中PTEN的表达。结果　 3 4例腺样囊性癌PTEN蛋白表达阴性率为 17.6% ( 6/ 3 4) ,筛孔型、管状型、实体型表达阳性率分别为 14 .3 % ( 2 /14 ) ,18.2 % ( 2 / 11)和 2 2 .2 % ( 2 / 9) ,各型之间阳性率无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　涎腺腺样囊性癌组织中存在抑癌基因PTEN表达缺失 ,PTEN在部分腺样囊性癌病变发展中起作用 ,PTEN表达异常与腺样囊性癌分型以及临床病理特征无关     

大肠癌患者骨髓微转移的基因研究

目的 探讨大肠癌患者骨髓中微转移基因检测的意义。方法 应用聚合酶链式反应－单链构象多态性分析（ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ）／银染技术,检测５１例大肠癌患者手术前、后不同时间骨髓中ｐ５３和Ｋ－ｒａｓ基因的突变状况。结果 ５１例患者术前骨髓中基因突变阳性者１９例,阳性率３７．２５％。阳性检出与Ｄｕｋｅ’ｓ分期、淋巴转移显著相关。术后经２～３个疗程的化疗后,１９例基因突变阳性的患者中１１例转阴。结论 大肠癌患者骨     

FLT3-TKD mutation in childhood acute myeloid leukemia.

Mutations of receptor tyrosine kinases are implicated in the constitutive activation and development of human hematologic malignancies. An internal tandem duplication (ITD) of the juxtamembrane domain-coding sequence of the FLT3 gene (FLT3-ITD) is found in 20-25% of adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and at a lower frequency in childhood AML. FLT3-ITD is associated with leukocytosis and a poor prognosis, especially in patients with normal karyotype. Recently, there have been three reports on point mutations at codon 835 of the FLT3 gene (D835 mutations) in adult AML. These mutations are located in the activation loop of the second tyrosine kinase domain (TKD) of FLT3 (FLT3-TKD). The clinical and prognostic relevance of the TKD mutations is less clear. To the best of our knowledge, there has been no report to describe FLT3-TKD mutations in childhood AML. In this pediatric series, FLT3-TKD mutations occurred in three of 91 patients (3.3%), an incidence significantly lower than that of FLT3-ITD (14 of 91 patients, 15.4%) in the same cohort of patients. None of them had both FLT3-TKD and FLT3-ITD mutations. Sequence analysis showed one each of D835 Y, D835 V, and D835 H. Of the three patients carrying FLT3-TKD, two had AML-M3 with one each of L- and V-type PML-RARalpha, and another one had AML-M2 with AML1-ETO. None of our patients with FLT3-TKD had leukocytosis at diagnosis. At bone marrow relapse, one of the four patients examined acquired FLT3-ITD mutation and none gained FLT3-TKD mutation.     

趋化因子及其在肿瘤免疫治疗中的应用

趋化因子是一类调节白细胞迁移的超家族。其在肿瘤的生物学行为中表现出双向的调节作用。部分趋化因子通过趋化和调节免疫效应细胞的功能来发挥抗肿瘤免疫作用。全文综述了趋化因子及其受体的结构与功能,并阐述了其在肿瘤免疫治疗中的应用。     

再结晶退火IF深冲钢板的微观组织特征

对75%冷轧变形量、1mm板厚的IF钢板施以不同温度相同保温时间的退火处理。采用金相组织观察、x射线衍射和电子背散射衍射(EBSD)等实验手段,研究了不同温度退火条件下,IF钢板的显微组织和主织构演变规律及晶界的差取向分布特征。