黑虎丹治疗兔骨关节炎的实验研究

目的 观察黑虎丹治疗骨关节（OA）的效果及其对OA软骨细胞增殖和凋亡的影响。方法 36只雄性新西兰大白兔切断左膝前、后交叉韧带及内侧半月板,建立兔OA模型。随机分为对照组和用药组,各18只。对照组不用药;用药组术后第13周起口服黑虎丹1粒／天。分别于术后第16、20、24周处死动物,取股骨内髁及胫骨内侧平台软骨标本进行光镜、透射电镜、扫描电镜观察,采用免疫组化、末端原位标记分别观察软骨细胞增殖和凋亡状况。结果 用药组骨关节炎病理表现与对照组无显著差别,用药组软骨细胞增殖和凋亡指数随时间延长而减少,在术后24周时均低于对照组。结论 长期服用黑虎丹能减少晚期OA软骨细胞的凋亡,并维持OA软骨细胞增殖和凋亡的平衡。     

脊髓型颈椎病误诊误治的临床分析

目的：通过对13例误诊误治患者的临床分析,明确对脊髓型颈椎病的诊治原则。方法：讨论13例误诊误治患者原因。结果：误诊误治患者的原因均属对脊髓型颈椎病的概念含混,对其治疗原则模糊。结论：治疗脊髓型颈椎病首先要重视脊髓型颈椎病的诊断,严格手术指征。     

Long-term impact of hepatitis B, C virus infection on renal transplantation

Chronic liver disease and its complications are major problems in renal transplant recipients. Our aim was to elucidate the influence of hepatitis B, C virus infection on the long-term outcome of renal transplantation. Four hundred and seventy-seven patients who received renal transplantation between January 1984 and December 1999, and who were followed up at our hospital were enrolled. HBsAg was detected by the RIA method and anti-HCV Ab was assayed by the second-generation RIA kit. SGOT/ SGPT were checked every 3 months. Hepatoma was diagnosed by dynamic CT scan, elevated alpha-fetoprotein, hypervascularity by angiography and confirmed by pathological examination. The prevalence of HBV, HCV, coinfected HBV/HCV was 9.9% (n = 47), 28.5% ( n = 136), 3.1% (n = 15), respectively. The incidences of hepatoma in the HBV-/HCV-, HBV-/HCV+, HBV+/HCV-, HBV+/HCV+ groups were 1.4% (n = 4), 4.4% (n = 6), 6.4% (n = 3), 6.7% (n = 1), respectively (p = 0.114). The incidences of liver cirrhosis/hepatic failure were 3.2% (n = 9), 6.6% (n = 9), 21.3% (n = 10), 20% (n = 3), respectively (p < 0.001). The frequencies of chronic liver disease were 10.4% (n = 29), 45.6% (n = 62), 66% (n = 31), 80% (n = 12), respectively (p < 0.001). Patient and graft survival rates were lower in the HBV-infected group than in the other groups. Cox regression analysis revealed that HBV infection is likely an independent risk factor for patient mortality although the statistical significance was only borderline. Patients with HBV as well as HCV infection were not at risk of graft loss according to this model of analysis. Patients with HBV infection showed higher incidences of hepatoma, hepatic failure, graft failure and death. Therefore, HBV-infected patients who are candidates for renal transplantation should be carefully evaluated. It seems that HCV infection has little influence on the outcome of renal transplant recipients. A longer period of follow-up is needed to clarify the impact of HCV on renal transplant recipients.     

Predictors of renal function improvement following tacrolimus conversion in cyclosporine-treated kidney transplant recipients

The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between variability of cyclosporine (CsA) absorption and tacrolimus (TAC) conversion seeking factors that predict improvement in allograft function after TAC conversion. We performed a retrospective study of 44 adult kidney transplant recipients undergoing conversion from CsA to TAC-based immunosuppression. Before TAC conversion, patients had complete, consecutive, 6 monthly C2 levels and a follow-up duration beyond 6 months after TAC conversion. The patients were divided into 2 groups: one (n=23) with low variability of CsA absorption and one (n=21) with high variability of CsA absorption. At TAC conversion, the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was similar in both patient groups. Six months after TAC conversion, eGFR improved in both groups. Stepwise regression analysis revealed the DeltaSCr6 (change in serum creatinine level at 6 months) to be independently associated with the preconversion serum creatinine (SCr; P<.0001) and the percent coefficient of variation (%CV) of SCr (P=.0034). DeltaSCr6 was inversely associated with posttransplantation years (P=.0033), and 6-month TAC blood levels (P=.0053). The DeltaSCr6 was not associated with variability of oral CsA absorption. The cutoff value of baseline SCr at TAC conversion differentiated an increase in or reduction of SCr to be about 1.0 mg/dL. Our study of CsA-treated kidney transplant recipients who underwent TAC conversion showed that a preconversion SCr>1.0 mg/dL, a high variability of SCr, and early TAC conversion predicted greater short-term benefit on graft function.     

糖尿病对血管吻合口愈合规律影响的初步研究

目的研究糖尿病状态下血管吻合口愈合规律的特点及影响因素。方法将8周病程的糖尿病组和对照组SD大鼠各20只的双侧颈总动脉切断后行间断缝合,于吻合术后1d、3d、7d、14d分别取材,观察其通畅情况,并对血管吻合口行组织学、超微结构观察和图像分析。同时,各时间点检测血清TNF-α浓度变化。结果对照组吻合口血管内膜损伤小,管壁各层次结构清晰,炎症反应轻;糖尿病组血管内膜损伤重,管壁各层次结构紊乱,有断裂痕迹,管壁周围肉芽组织增生明显。吻合术后7d糖尿病组吻合口血管内膜平均再内皮化明显延迟(3745.18±1045.31μm2比1298.21±224.66μm2,p<0.01);吻合术后14d,糖尿病组血管吻合口内膜增生明显,I/M值达0.71±0.05。与对照组比较,血清TNFα浓度显著增加(术后7d:5.48±0.34ng/ml比0.73±0.09ng/ml,p<0.05;术后14d:5.15±0.12ng/ml比0.51±0.03ng/ml,p<0.05),血清TNF-α浓度与血管吻合口部位内膜增生程度呈正相关。结论糖尿病改变了血管吻合口正常的愈合规律,使正常的吻合口愈合过程转变为慢性炎性、纤维增殖过程,血管吻合口部位的重塑呈现病理性,其中TNF-α在糖尿病血管吻合口重塑过程中发挥了核心作用。     

手助腹腔镜与开放手术活体供肾切取术的临床研究

目的比较手助腹腔镜活体供肾切取术（HLDN）和开放手术活体供肾切取术（ODN）的临床疗效,观察术后受者移植肾近期存活情况。方法回顾性分析中南大学湘雅三医院移植中心2004年1月至2013年11月完成的341例亲属活体肾移植供、受者资料。根据供者手术方式的不同,将其分为HLDN组（103例）和ODN组（238例）。比较两组受者手术时长、切口长度、供肾热缺血时间、肾动脉长度、肾静脉长度、术中失血量、围手术期芬太尼用量、术后非甾体抗炎药（NSAIDs）用量和术后恢复劳动天数。术后48h使用视觉模拟评分（VAS）法评估两组供者疼痛程度。术后随访供、受者恢复情况,并于术后7d、1个月复查受者肾功能。连续变量采用t检验进行比较,分类变量采用Fisher确切概率法进行比较。结果HLDN组和ODN组供者切口长度分别为（6．0±0．4）cm和（13．5±1．0）cm,术中失血量分别为（45±12）mL和（151±24）mL,差异均有统计学意义（t=73．56和42．56,P均〈0．05）。两组手术时长、供肾热缺血时间、肾动脉长度、肾静脉长度相比,差异均无统计学意义（t=1．39,1．70,0．00和1．85,P均〉0．05）。103例HLDN组供者中有102例顺利完成手术,1例主动中转开放,术后发生肺部感染1例,无术后切口感染及其他严重并发症。238例ODN组供者均成功完成手术,术后切口感染1例、脂肪液化2例,术后出血通过外科止血2例,无其他手术相关并发症。HLDN组和ODN组供者术后48hVAS分别为（2．3±0．6）分和（3．9±0．9）分,围手术期芬太尼用量分别为（1．7±0．2）mg和（1．9±0．2）mg,术后NSAIDs用量分别为（22±33）mg和（47±42）mg,术后恢复劳动天数分别为（23±10）d和（44±15）d,差异均有统计学意义（t=16．52,8．48,5．37和13．00,P均〈0．05）。两组供者术后7d、1个月血清肌酐水平相比,?     

高强聚焦超声消融兔腹主动脉旁肝肿瘤对腹主动脉的影响

目的观察高强聚焦超声(HIFU)消融兔腹主动脉旁肝肿瘤对腹主动脉的影响。方法对43只实验兔建立腹主动脉旁VX2肝肿瘤模型,于MR引导下行HIFU消融肿瘤,通过彩色多普勒超声观察消融前、消融后即刻、2h和6h腹主动脉充盈情况,测量血流峰值血流速(PSV)、平均血流速度(Vm)、平均血流量、阻力指数(RI)和搏动指数(PI)变化;病理观察消融前及消融后即刻腹主动脉的改变情况。结果共对40只实验兔成功建立腹主动脉旁肝肿瘤模型。消融后即刻腹主动脉血流通畅,未见明显狭窄、塌陷或闭塞。较之消融前,消融后即刻腹主动脉PSV、Vm和平均血流量明显减慢,RI和PI明显上升(P均0.05),之后逐渐恢复,于消融后6h恢复至消融前水平(P均0.05)。病理学检查示消融后即刻腹主动脉无损伤。结论 HIFU消融腹主动脉旁肿瘤可一过性改变腹主动脉血流动力学,而对管壁无明显损伤。     

Prognostic Value of Diametrically Polarized Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Renal Cell Carcinoma

Background

As the most abundant tumor-infiltrating immune cells, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are significant for fostering tumor progression. CD68⁺ TAMs display diversely polarized programs comprising CD11c⁺ proinflammatory macrophages (M1) and CD206⁺ immunosuppressive macrophages (M2). The aim of this study was to determine the survival impact of diametrically polarized TAMs in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and their application to stratification of patients according to their prognostic values.

Methods

The study included 185 consecutive patients with ccRCC who underwent nephrectomy between 1999 and 2001. CD68⁺ total and diametrically polarized (CD11c⁺ M1 and CD206⁺ M2) TAM densities were assessed by immunohistochemistry, and the relationships with clinicopathologic features and prognosis were evaluated.

Results

Low CD11c⁺ TAM density and high CD206⁺ TAM density were associated with reduced cancer-specific survival (P = 0.043 and P = 0.017, respectively), whereas CD68⁺ TAM density only had borderline prognostic significance (P = 0.062). Furthermore, combined analysis of CD11c⁺ and CD206⁺ TAMs (CD11c/CD206 signature) had a better power to predict patients’ outcome (P = 0.010). Together with TNM stage, tumor necrosis, and performance status, CD11c/CD206 signature was an independent prognostic factor (P = 0.010). When applied to the University of California Integrated Staging System intermediate-/high-risk group for localized ccRCC, CD11c/CD206 signature could further distinguish patients with dismal prognosis (P = 0.004).

Conclusions

Intratumoral balance of diametrically polarized TAMs is a novel independent predictor for survival in patients with ccRCC. Tipping the balance toward an antitumoral phenotype might be a promising target of postoperative adjuvant therapy.     

隐匿小切口疝囊高位结扎术治疗儿童腹股沟斜疝

目的：研究隐匿小切口疝囊高位结扎术治疗儿童腹股沟斜疝的临床效果。方法回顾性分析2013年2∽8月,赤峰学院附属医院新城院区应用隐匿小切口疝囊高位结扎术治疗儿童腹股沟斜疝32例患儿的临床资料。结果手术时间10∽25 min,平均14 min;住院时间2．0∽4．5 d,平均3d;皮肤切口小且隐匿,无需缝合,医用胶水粘合即可。全组患儿均随访6个月,术后切口均一期愈合。随访期间无复发,无并发症发生。结论隐匿小切口疝囊高位结扎术治疗儿童腹股沟斜疝具有创伤小,切口隐匿,术后恢复快的优点,便于临床广泛推广。     

Intratumoral Heterogeneity of Bladder Cancer by Molecular Subtypes and Histologic Variants

Molecular subtyping may inform on prognosis and treatment response in bladder cancer. However, intratumoral molecular heterogeneity is not well studied in this disease and could complicate efforts to use molecular subtyping to guide patient management. To investigate intratumoral heterogeneity in bladder cancer, we examined molecular subtypes in a consecutive, retrospective cystectomy series of histologic variant bladder cancers and conventional urothelial carcinomas co-occurring with them. Molecular subtypes were assigned as per the approach reported by Lund University, an approach that incorporates cell cycle alterations and markers of differentiation, to give the urothelial-like, genomically unstable, basal-squamous, mesenchymal-like, and neuroendocrine-like subtypes. The majority (93%) of tumors were classified as urothelial like, genomically unstable, or basal squamous. Among patients with more than one tumor histology, 39% demonstrated molecular heterogeneity among the different tumor histologies. This was greatest for the basal-squamous subtype, 78% of which co-occurred with either urothelial-like or genomically unstable carcinoma (among cases with multiple histologies). In contrast, there was no co-occurrence of urothelial-like and genomically unstable carcinoma in the same patient. The findings indicate that bladder cancer is often molecularly heterogeneous, particularly in the basal-squamous subtype. This raises the concern for sampling error in laboratory tests that guide therapy based on molecular subtyping.Patient summary: In this report, we investigated molecular diversity among different areas from the same tumor in patients with bladder cancer. We found that different areas from the same tumor are often molecularly different. We conclude that this biological diversity must be taken into account when interpreting clinical molecular tests performed on bladder cancer samples.