全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1049篇 |
免费 | 73篇 |
国内免费 | 2篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 4篇 |
儿科学 | 14篇 |
妇产科学 | 29篇 |
基础医学 | 169篇 |
口腔科学 | 13篇 |
临床医学 | 133篇 |
内科学 | 203篇 |
皮肤病学 | 16篇 |
神经病学 | 95篇 |
特种医学 | 53篇 |
外科学 | 81篇 |
综合类 | 7篇 |
预防医学 | 155篇 |
眼科学 | 10篇 |
药学 | 78篇 |
肿瘤学 | 64篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 2篇 |
2023年 | 28篇 |
2022年 | 27篇 |
2021年 | 70篇 |
2020年 | 38篇 |
2019年 | 35篇 |
2018年 | 39篇 |
2017年 | 29篇 |
2016年 | 34篇 |
2015年 | 35篇 |
2014年 | 45篇 |
2013年 | 58篇 |
2012年 | 94篇 |
2011年 | 81篇 |
2010年 | 44篇 |
2009年 | 50篇 |
2008年 | 58篇 |
2007年 | 67篇 |
2006年 | 60篇 |
2005年 | 49篇 |
2004年 | 44篇 |
2003年 | 33篇 |
2002年 | 29篇 |
2001年 | 1篇 |
2000年 | 6篇 |
1999年 | 4篇 |
1998年 | 11篇 |
1997年 | 8篇 |
1996年 | 8篇 |
1995年 | 3篇 |
1994年 | 3篇 |
1993年 | 1篇 |
1992年 | 3篇 |
1991年 | 5篇 |
1989年 | 1篇 |
1988年 | 3篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 1篇 |
1984年 | 2篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 5篇 |
1981年 | 3篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1955年 | 1篇 |
1954年 | 1篇 |
1934年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有1124条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
101.
102.
Schredl M Fricke-Oerkermann L Mitschke A Wiater A Lehmkuhl G 《European child & adolescent psychiatry》2009,18(1):20-25
Objective The present study investigated the relationship between daytime symptomatology and nightmare frequency in school-aged children
by eliciting daytime symptoms and nightmare frequency from children directly in addition to questionnaires completed by their
parents.
Methods A sample of 4,834 parents and 4,531 of their children (age range: 8–11 years) completed each a sleep questionnaire and the
strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ).
Results The results of the study clearly indicate that there is an underestimation of nightmare frequency in the parents’ ratings
compared to the children’s data (effect size: d = 0.30) and the closeness between influencing factors and nightmare frequency is considerably higher for the data based on
the children’s responses; the proportion of explained variance was twice as high.
Conclusions Therefore, it seems important for research and clinical practice to not to rely on parents’ information but to ask the children
about the occurrence of nightmares. 相似文献
103.
Brok HP Boven L van Meurs M Kerlero de Rosbo N Celebi-Paul L Kap YS Jagessar A Hintzen RQ Keir G Bajramovic J Ben-Nun A Bauer J Laman JD Amor S 't Hart BA 《Journal of neuroimmunology》2007,182(1-2):135-152
Rhesus monkeys immunized with MOG(34-56), a dominant T-cell epitope from myelin/oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, develop an acute neurological disease resembling acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) in humans. The typical large demyelinated lesions and mononuclear infiltrates in the monkey brains are caused by MOG(34-56) T-cells. We show that MOG(34-56)-reactive CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells are induced in monkeys immunized with a peptide from the human CMV major capsid protein (UL86; 981-1003), that shares sequence similarity with MOG(34-56). Monkeys sensitized against the viral peptide and subsequently challenged with MOG(34-56) display histological signs of encephalitis, but do not show overt neurological signs. 相似文献
104.
de Visser L van den Bos R Stoker AK Kas MJ Spruijt BM 《Behavioural brain research》2007,177(2):290-297
Recent studies suggest running wheel activity to be naturally rewarding and reinforcing; considering the shared neuro-behavioural characteristics with drug-induced reward situations, wheel running behaviour gains interest as a tool to study mechanisms underlying reward-sensitivity. Previously, we showed that wheel running has the potential to disrupt the daily organization of home cage behaviour in female C57BL/6 [de Visser L, van den Bos R, Spruijt BM. Automated home cage observations as a tool to measure the effects of wheel running on cage floor locomotion. Behav Brain Res 2005;160:382-8]. In the present study, we investigated the effects of novelty-induced stress on wheel running and its impact on home cage behaviour in male C57BL/6 and DBA/2 mice. Our aim was to determine whether wheel running may be used as a tool to study both genetic and environmentally induced differences in sensitivity to rewarding behaviour in mice. One group of male mice was placed in an automated home cage observation system for 2 weeks with a wheel integrated in the cage. A second group of mice was allowed to habituate to this cage for 1 week before a running wheel was introduced. Results showed a pronounced sensitising effect of novelty on the level of wheel running in C57Bl/6 mice but not in DBA mice. Overall levels of wheel running were higher in DBA/2 mice. Furthermore, wheel running affected circadian rhythmicity in DBA/2 mice but not in C57BL/6 mice. From these findings we tentatively suggest that wheel running behaviour could serve as a tool to study the interaction between genetic and environmental factors in sensitivity to rewarding behaviour in mice. As it is displayed spontaneously and easy to monitor, wheel running may be well suitable to be included in high-throughput phenotyping assays. 相似文献
105.
Hypertension in people with diabetes in sub-Saharan Africa: revealing the hidden face of the iceberg
Choukem SP Kengne AP Dehayem YM Simo NL Mbanya JC 《Diabetes research and clinical practice》2007,77(2):293-299
AIM: To evaluate the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in a diabetic population of Cameroon, a sub-Saharan African country. METHODS: Two hundreds and ten diabetic patients were consecutively enrolled over a 6-month period. A questionnaire was administered and physical examination done. The JNC VI and the latest WHO criteria were used to diagnose hypertension and diabetes, respectively, and control of hypertension was assessed against five different targets. RESULTS: Ninety-one percent of the participants had type 2 diabetes. Prevalence and awareness rates for hypertension were 66.7% (n=140) and 87.1% (n=122), respectively. Treatment rate among those aware of their hypertension status was 80.3% (n=98). Patients with hypertension were older, more overweight/obese and had a longer duration of diabetes. ACE inhibitors and diuretics were the two most used blood pressure (BP) lowering drugs. Following the ADA/JNC 7 goal, the control rate of hypertension among treated patients was 10.2% (n=10). CONCLUSION: Diabetic patients in Cameroon exhibit a very high prevalence of hypertension and are about three times more affected than the general population. Awareness and treatment rates are high, but the control rate is very low. Large scale studies with intervention component are urgently required. 相似文献
106.
CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells induce alternative activation of human monocytes/macrophages 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Tiemessen MM Jagger AL Evans HG van Herwijnen MJ John S Taams LS 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》2007,104(49):19446-19451
CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) are potent suppressors of the adaptive immune system, but their effects on innate immune cells are less well known. Here we demonstrate a previously uncharacterized function of Tregs, namely their ability to steer monocyte differentiation toward alternatively activated macrophages (AAM). AAM are cells with strong antiinflammatory potential involved in immune regulation, tissue remodeling, parasite killing, and tumor promotion. We show that, after coculture with Tregs, monocytes/macrophages display typical features of AAM, including up-regulated expression of CD206 (macrophage mannose receptor) and CD163 (hemoglobin scavenger receptor), an increased production of CCL18, and an enhanced phagocytic capacity. In addition, the monocytes/macrophages have reduced expression of HLA-DR and a strongly reduced capacity to respond to LPS in terms of proinflammatory mediator production (IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, MIP-1alpha, TNF-alpha), NFkappaB activation, and tyrosine phosphorylation. Mechanistic studies reveal that CD4(+)CD25(+)CD127(low)Foxp3(+) Tregs produce IL-10, IL-4, and IL-13 and that these cytokines are the critical factors involved in the suppression of the proinflammatory cytokine response. In contrast, the Treg-mediated induction of CD206 is entirely cytokine-independent, whereas the up-regulation of CD163, CCL18, and phagocytosis are (partly) dependent on IL-10 but not on IL-4/IL-13. Together these data demonstrate a previously unrecognized function of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) Tregs, namely their ability to induce alternative activation of monocytes/macrophages. Moreover, the data suggest that the Treg-mediated induction of AAM partly involves a novel, cytokine-independent pathway. 相似文献
107.
108.
AIM: To determine the acceptability of an educational leaflet regarding the prevention and treatment of infections of the lower respiratory tract (LRTIs) and urinary tract (UTIs) and to determine the effects of the leaflet on knowledge and attitude of DM2 patients in primary care. METHOD: In a randomized controlled intervention trial 200 DM2 patients enlisted in two practices, one urban and one rural, from the Utrecht general practitioners Research Network (HNU) were selected. Per practice, 50 patients were randomly assigned to the intervention group and 50 to the control group. The intervention was a leaflet on diabetes and LRTIs and UTIs based on the results of focus group interviews. The leaflet was sent to the patients homes. The outcome measures were acceptability of the leaflet and differences in knowledge and attitude, measured by a questionnaire. RESULTS: The mean age was 68 years and 55% was male. There were no substantial differences in characteristics between the two groups. Among the intervention group, the leaflet was appreciated as understandable (100%) and inviting (79%). Compared to the control group, specific knowledge and attitude did not substantially differ. Patients in the intervention group had a slightly more positive attitude about 'being attentive to signs indicating pneumonia' (median difference, 1 point; p=.003) and they also answered 'UTI is mostly caused by a bacteria' more often correctly (risk difference, 18%; 95% CI, 4-33%, p=.016). CONCLUSION: A leaflet on prevention and treatment of LRTIs and UTIs is considered acceptable among DM2 patients, but a multi-faceted educational approach may be needed to improve health behavioral determinants. 相似文献
109.
110.
Corine A.N. Broekhuizen Leonie de Boer Kim Schipper Christopher D. Jones Shan Quadir Robert G. Feldman Christina M.J.E. Vandenbroucke-Grauls Sebastian A.J. Zaat 《Biomaterials》2009,30(32):6444-6450
Biomaterial-associated infection (BAI) is a major problem in modern medicine, and is often caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis. We aimed to raise monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against major surface protein antigens of S. epidermidis, and to assess their possible protective activity in experimental BAI. Mice were vaccinated with a cell wall protein preparation of S. epidermidis. A highly immunodominant antigen was identified as Accumulation-associated protein (Aap). mAbs against Aap and against surface-exposed lipoteichoic acid (LTA) were used for passive immunization of mice in experimental biomaterial-associated infection. Neither anti-Aap nor anti-LTA mAbs showed protection. Either with or without antibodies, tissue surrounding the implants was more often culture positive than the implants themselves, but bacterial adherence to the implants was significantly increased in mice injected with anti-LTA. In vitro, anti-Aap and anti-LTA did show binding to S. epidermidis, but no opsonic activity was observed. We conclude that antibodies against S. epidermidis LTA or Aap showed no opsonic activity and did not protect mice against BAI. Moreover, the increase in binding to implanted biomaterial suggests that passive immunization may increase the risk for BAI. 相似文献