Incidence of medically attended influenza and influenza virus infections confirmed by serology in Ningbo City from 2017–2018 to 2019–2020

ObjectivesIn mainland China, the disease burden of influenza is not yet fully understood. Based on population‐based data, we aimed to estimate incidence rates of medically attended influenza and influenza virus infections in Ningbo City.MethodsWe used data for outpatient acute respiratory illness (OARI) from a platform covering all health and medical institutes in Yingzhou District, Ningbo City. We applied generalized additive regression models to estimate influenza‐associated excess incidence rate of OARI by age. We recruited local residents aged ≥60 years in the autumn of 2019 and conducted follow‐up nearly 9 months later. Every survey, the sera were collected for testing hemagglutination inhibition antibody.ResultsFrom 2017–2018 to 2019–2020, the annual average of influenza‐associated incidence rate of OARI in all ages was 10.9%. The influenza‐associated incidence rate of OARI was the highest in 2017–2018 (16.9%) and the lowest in 2019–2020 (4.8%). Regularly, influenza‐associated incidence rates of OARI were the highest in children aged 5–14 years (range: 44.1–77.6%) and 0–4 years (range: 8.3–46.6%). The annual average of excess OARI incidence rate in all ages was the highest for influenza B/Yamagata (3.9%). The overall incidence rate of influenza infections indicated by serology in elderly people was 21% during the winter season of 2019–2020.ConclusionsWe identified substantial outpatient influenza burden in all ages in Ningbo. Our cohort study limited in elderly people found that this age group had a high risk of seasonal influenza infections. Our study informs the importance of increasing influenza vaccine coverage in high‐risk population including elderly people.     

大学生预防性治疗的结核菌素反应强度标准研究

目的 探讨结核菌素反应强度与结核病发病的相关性;提出预防性治疗对象的结核菌素反应标准.方法 对不同结核菌素反应强度的新入学大学生进行4年的结核病发病观察,分析结核菌素反应强度与发病危险性、发病时间的关系,比较不同反应强度预防性治疗对象发病率的变化.结果 26 543名健康学生进行了结核菌素试验和4年的发病观察,反应强度为0～4、5～9、10～14、15～19和≥20 mm或水泡丘疹者的年均结核病发病率分别为12.97/10万、13.34/10万、50.32/10万、167.56/10万和250.21/10万;0～4和5～9 mm反应者头2年发病率很低,第3、4年有所增高,而15～19和≥20 mm或水泡丘疹者头2年发病率很高,随着时间推移有下降趋势.当逐个计算反应强度每增加1 mm及以上反应者的发病率时,15 mm以上的各反应强度者中结核病发病率相似,一直维持在较高水平.PPD反应标准15 mm及以上可以覆盖80.8%的病人,而且病人的发现效率也维持在一个高水平.结论 结核菌素反应强度与结核病发病存在明显正相关,特别在头2年危险比更大;PPD反应≥15 mm或有水泡丘疹阳性者的发病机会明显升高,PPD反应≥15 mm或有水泡丘疹阳性标准能够覆盖80%以上的病人,病人的发现效率也最高.因此以PPD反应≥15 mm或有水泡丘疹作为预防性治疗对象的结核菌素反应标准更为合理.     

慢性浅表性胃炎不同证型与胃黏膜水通道蛋白3、4基因表达的相关性

目的:探讨慢性浅表性胃炎不同证型与胃黏膜水通道蛋白3、4基因表达的相关性.方法:胃镜下取胃体上部黏膜,液氮罐保存,荧光定量PCR法检测胃黏膜AQP3、AQP4的基因表达.结果:脾胃湿热证组AQP3、AQP4高于胃阴不足证组和正常人组(4.5980±0.8234 vs 3.4362±0.3450,3.8495±0.5072,7.7062±0.6859 vs 6.800±0.5544,7.0384±0.6706;P<0.051,脾虚湿困证组、寒湿困脾证组AQP3均高于胃阴不足证组(4.5158±0.5603,4.8083±0.8419 vs 3.4362±0.3450,P<0.05).脾胃湿热证组、脾虚湿困证组、寒湿困脾证组3组间AQP3、AQP4比较没有明显差异(P>0.05).胃阴不足证组和正常人组间AQP3、AQP4比较也没有明显差异(P>0.05).结论:慢性胃炎中医证型不同,胃黏膜AQP3、AQP4基因表达不同,胃黏膜AQP3、AQP4可能成为脾虚湿困、寒湿困脾、脾胃湿热、胃阴不足等病证的发生机制之一.     

药熨配合中医推拿促进脑卒中偏瘫患者肢体康复的效果观察

目的探讨药熨配合中医推拿促进脑卒中偏瘫患者肢体康复的效果。方法将108例脑卒中偏瘫患者随机分为对照组与干预组,每组各54例,对照组患者按脑卒中常规治疗和偏瘫肢体康复护理,干预组患者在对照组基础上采用药熨配合中医推拿康复护理。4周后观察两组患者偏瘫肢体康复效果。结果对照组患者偏瘫肢体康复总有效率为70.4%,干预组为94.4%,两组比较,P<0.05,差异具有统计学意义。结论药熨配合中医推拿可有效促进脑卒中患者偏瘫肢体功能恢复,值得临床推广应用。     

外科护理电子病历的设计与应用

目的介绍外科护理电子病历设计方法,探讨其应用效果。方法根据广东省《临床护理文书规范》(专科篇)的表格式首次护理记录单(外科)设计并完成外科护理电子病历系统,并应用于临床。结果实施护理电子病历后,护士测量及录入病人生命体征时间为(1.0±0.3)min;完成护理电子病历的时间为(4.0±0.5)min。结论实施护理电子病历规范了护理记录书写形式与记录内容,提高了护理工作效率与护理记录质量。     

Extract of the Chinese herbal formula Huo Luo Xiao LingDan inhibited adjuvant arthritis in rats

Ethnopharmacological relevance

The herbal formula Huo Luo Xiao Ling Dan (HLXL) and its modifications have been used in traditional Chinese medicine for about one hundred years to alleviate pain and inflammation.

Aim

To investigate the effects of HLXL on complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced multiple-joint arthritis in rats.

Materials and methods

Male Lewis rats, 190–210 g, were immunized subcutaneously at the base of the tail with 200 μl of heat-killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis in mineral oil (5 mg/ml). HLXL (2.30 and 4.60 g/kg) or vehicle control (n = 8 per group) was administered orally (i.g.) once a day between days 16 and 25 post-CFA injection. The rats were observed for signs of arthritis with arthritic changes (erythema, edema, induration) being scored on a scale of 0–4 of increasing severity using a standard scoring system. The maximum arthritis score per rat was 16. A plethysmometer was used to measure edema volume in each paw. Adverse effects of HLXL were monitored by closely observing the animals for unusual behavioral changes. Levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) in local tissue were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay on day 25 post-CFA.

Results

HLXL significantly decreased arthritis scores between days 23–25 in the 2.30 g/kg group and 21–25 in the 4.60 g/kg group (p < 0.05). It reduced paw edema on days 22 and 24 in the 2.30 g/kg group and on days 20, 22 and 24 in the 4.60 g/kg group compared to control (p < 0.05). Local tissue TNF-α and IL-1β levels on day 25 post-CFA injection were significantly (p < 0.05) lower in rats treated with HLXL than in control rats. No observable adverse effects were found.

Conclusion

The data suggest that HLXL produces significant anti-arthritic effects that may be mediated by suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokines, and it appears to be safe.     

含Survivin启动子条件复制型腺病毒的构建及其对前列腺癌抑瘤效应的体外研究

目的：构建携带有Survivin启动子和报告基因的条件复制型腺病毒并观察该病毒对前列腺癌细胞的特异性溶瘤作用。方法：以前列腺癌细胞系LNCaP细胞全基因组DAN为模板,PCR扩增Survivin启动子,构建pGL3BSurvivin质粒表达载体,荧光素酶检测系统观察前列腺癌细胞中Survivin启动子活性。将pGL3BSurvivin亚克隆至穿梭质粒pShuttle中,构建含有Survivin启动子的重组腺病毒reADGL3BSurvivin。转染HEK293细胞进行重组病毒的扩增、纯化和滴度检测。利用CCK-8法检测重组腺病毒对前列腺癌细胞的生长抑制作用,以正常前列腺细胞为对照。结果：经多种限制性内切酶酶切、PCR及测序鉴定,证实成功构建了含Survivin启动于报告基因质粒表达载体。荧光素酶报告基因检测结果表明前列腺癌细胞内Survivin启动子活性明显高于正常细胞组。同时也证实成功构建了含Survivin启动子和报告基因的腺病毒载体;CCK-8结果显示reADGL3BSurvivin可有效抑制前列腺癌细胞增殖而对正常细胞无增殖抑制作用。结论：成功构建含Survivin启动子的条件复制型腺病毒具有选择性杀伤前列腺癌细胞的能力,实验结果为前列腺癌靶向治疗提供了良好的条件复制型病毒载体及新的治疗策略。     

成年大鼠骨骼肌干细胞的纯化与培养

目的:建立一种骨骼肌干细胞的纯化及培养方法。方法:取成年雌性SD大鼠前肢肱三头肌,用胶原酶和dispase进行消化,200目的筛网滤过。采用差速贴壁法纯化骨骼肌干细胞,用含20%胎牛血清的HamsF10培养基进行培养。以α-骨骼肌肌动蛋白免疫细胞化学染色进行细胞鉴定。结果:成功地分离培养了成年大白鼠的骨骼肌干细胞。结论:采用差速贴壁的方法可以成功分离、纯化骨骼肌干细胞,为未来以自体骨骼肌干细胞注射治疗压力性尿失禁打下了基础。     

Primary Breast Angiosarcoma: A Retrospective Study of 36 Cases from a Single Chinese Medical Institute with Clinicopathologic and Radiologic Correlations

The aim of this study was to present our experience with primary breast angiosarcoma (PBA) by describing a large series of cases with an emphasis on clinicopathologic and radiologic correlations. Thirty‐six cases of PBA diagnosed at our institution between 2006 and 2014 were retrospectively evaluated. All but one case occurred in women with a median age of 35.5 years. The majority of patients presented with a deeply located painless mass, whereas a minority manifested as diffuse enlargement or swelling of the breast. Magnetic resonance imaging showed poorly demarcated lesions with low signal intensity on T1‐weighted images, markedly high intensity on T2‐weighted images, and prolongation of enhancement upon dynamic study. Histologically, 19 cases (52.8%) were low grade, 12 cases (33.3%) were intermediate grade, and 5 cases (13.9%) were high grade. Follow‐up information was available for 27 patients and revealed local recurrence and/or metastasis in 16 patients (59.3%). Five patients (18.5%) died of the disease at a median interval of 20 months. Univariate analysis showed that tumor differentiation had effect on disease‐free survival (DFS) (p = 0.005) but failed to predict overall survival (OS) (p = 0.645). The treatment modality was related to OS (p = 0.042) but not DFS (p = 0.131). The Cox proportional hazards regression model suggested that tumor differentiation was an independent predictor of DFS (p = 0.015). We hypothesize that tumor differentiation may be used as a prognostic factor for this rare malignancy. Clinicopathologic and radiologic correlation may help pathologists to arrive at the correct diagnosis of PBA.