袖套法异种心脏移植模型

采用Heron袖套法进行异种（小鼠→大鼠）心脏移植，异位移植于颈部皮下，供体主动脉接受体颈内动脉，供体肺动脉接受体项外静脉，并对手术方法进行了部分改进。进行正式手术22次，成功率86％，移植后平均存活时间2．10±0．80天；该方法简单、迅速、可靠，移植于颈部易于观察，对于超急性排斥反应的观察以及免疫耐受的诱导，抗免疫排斥药物筛选是一位得推广的动物模型。     

A comparative study of etanercept plus methotrexate and methotrexate alone in Taiwanese patients with active rheumatoid arthritis: a 12-week, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Etanercept (Enbrel), a recombinant tumor necrosis factor receptor fusion protein, has been shown to be effective in the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of etanercept in combination with methotrexate (MTX) and MTX alone in Taiwanese patients with active RA. METHODS: In this double-blind study, 58 patients with active RA who were maintained on MTX therapy at a stable dose of 12.5 to 20 mg per week for 4 weeks were randomized to receive either etanercept 25 mg (n = 29) or placebo (n = 29) by subcutaneous injection twice weekly over a period of 12 weeks. The primary endpoint was the reduction of tender and swollen joint counts by 20% (ACR 20), 50% (ACR 50), and 70% (ACR 70) as determined by the American College of Rheumatology criteria at the 12th week. RESULTS: The addition of etanercept to MTX resulted in a greater reduction in the number of tender (7.00 vs 2.45, p = 0.012) and swollen joints (8.55 vs 3.86, p = 0.017), and in serum levels of C-reactive protein (1.26 mg/dL vs 0.45 mg/dL, p = 0.014) compared to MTX alone after 12 weeks of therapy. In addition, the global assessment of disease activity by both physicians and patients, duration of morning stiffness, pain visual analog scale score, and Health Assessment Questionnaire were all improved by etanercept plus MTX therapy. Results for the overall improvement in disease activity assessed by ACR 20 (90% vs 34%), ACR 50 (66% vs 10%) and ACR 70 (24% vs 0%) all favored the etanercept plus MTX group. However, the adverse events were comparable between the 2 treatment groups. CONCLUSION: Etanercept in combination with MTX was well tolerated and provided significantly more clinical benefit than MTX alone in Taiwanese patients with active RA.     

Ultrastructural identification of cholinergic neurons in the external cuneate nucleus of the gerbil: acetylcholinesterase histochemistry and choline acetyltransferase immunocytochemistry

Summary Using acetylcholinesterase histochemical and choline acetyltransferase immunocytochemical localization methods, this study has provided conclusive evidence for the existence of cholinergic neurons in the external cuneate nucleus of gerbils. By light microscopy, both acetylcholinesterase and choline acetyltransferase labelling was confined to the rostral portion of the external cuneate nucleus. Ultrastructurally, acetylcholinesterase reaction products were found in the nuclear envelope, cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi saccules of some somata and large dendrites as well as in the membranes of small dendrites, myelinated axons and axon terminals. These neuronal elements were also stained for choline acetyltransferase; immunoreactivity was associated with nuclear pores, nuclear envelope, perikaryal membrane and all the membranous structures within the cytoplasm. Of the total choline acetyltransferase-labelled neuronal profiles analysed, 79% were myelinated axons, 15% dendrites, 4% somata and 2% axon terminals. The immunostained axon terminals consisted of two types containing either round (Rd type; 62.5%) or pleomorphic (Pd type; 37.5%) vesicles. Both were associated directly with choline acetyltransferase-positive dendrites. In contrast to the paucity of choline acetyltransferase-labelled axon terminals, numerous choline acetyltransferase-positive myelinated axons were present. It may thus be hypothesized that most, if not all, of the external cuneate nucleus cholinergic neurons are projection cells; such cells may give rise to axonal collaterals which synapse onto their own dendrites for possible feedback control. Choline acetyltransferase-positive dendrites were contacted by numerous unlabelled presynaptic boutons, 60% of which contained round or spherical synaptic vesicles (Rd boutons) and 40% flattened vesicles (Fd boutons), suggesting that these neurons are under strong inhibitory control. The preferential concentration of cholinergic components in the rostral external cuneate nucleus may be significant in the light of the highly organized somatotopy in the external cuneate nucleus and its extensive efferent projections to medullary autonomic-related nuclei. Our results suggest that the cholinergic neurons may be involved in somatoautonomic integration.     

NF1 mutations in neurofibromatosis 1 patients with plexiform neurofibromas

Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by genetic alterations of the NF1 gene on 17q11.2. About 30% of NF1 patients develop plexiform neurofibromas (PNFs), which often cause severe clinical deficits. To determine whether there is a certain genotype underlying PNFs or subtypes of PNFs, we screened 42 NF1 patients from 41 families with PNFs for mutations in the NF1 gene. In 33 out of the 41 (80%) unrelated patients NF1 mutations were found, 24 are novel while the other 9 have been described in previous studies. The 33 mutations included 23 nonsense and frameshift, six splice and four missense mutations. The tumors in these patients had various sizes and features/growth characteristics. No correlation was found between the type or location of the NF1 mutations and size, location or feature of the PNFs, suggesting that many types of NF1 mutations can lead to development of PNFs.     

抗人喉癌/抗VEGF双功能抗体制备及应用研究

目的：研制抗人喉癌／抗血管内皮因子（VEGF）双功能克隆抗体，用于喉癌抗血管生成治疗。方法：采用二次杂交瘤技术制备抗人喉癌／抗VEGF双功能抗体。经酶联免疫吸附试验法和SP法检测喉癌及癌前病患者血清及癌组织中VEGF的含量表达。结果：获得6株分泌抗人喉癌／抗VEGF双功能抗体的杂交瘤，经免疫组化证实与喉癌细胞特异性结合率为93％，而与血管内皮细胞结合率为89％。血清中VEGF含量表达，喉癌组与癌前病组及正常对照组相比差异均显著。IgG亚型鉴定为IgG2aBSAb抗体效价为1：25 600倍（ELISA法）。结论：二次杂交瘤法制备的双功能抗体具有均匀性、可控性、效价高、稳定性好，可用于喉癌抗血管生成治疗，动态检测可作为判断喉癌预后的客观指标。     

一种可生物降解温度敏感型聚乙二醇-聚己内酯-聚乙二醇水凝胶的合成和表征

合成了一系列分子量较低的聚乙二醇．聚己内酯-聚乙二醇（Poly（ethylene glycol）-Polycaprolactone-Poly（ethylene glycol），PEG-PCL—PEG）三嵌段共聚物。分别采用FTIR和1H—NMR对其结构进行了表征。所合成的PEG-PCL-PEG共聚物具有良好的水溶性，当水溶液浓度高于临界凝胶浓度（Critical gel concentration，CGC）时，随着温度的变化聚合物水溶液会呈现特有的凝胶-溶胶转变。研究了共聚物亲水疏水链段的比例和长度，以及热历史等对凝胶-溶胶转变行为的影响。通过调节上述条件，可以在一定程度上拓宽凝胶-溶胶转变温度范围，有助于PEG—PCL-PEG水凝胶在可注射药物控制释放系统等方面的应用。     

654—2对家兔红细胞膜Na^＋—K^＋—ATPase活性及血浆LPO含量的影响

日本大耳兔9只,其中6～8月龄5只,2～2.5年龄4只。均喂以2％654-2溶液1ml/天(即20mg)共43天。结果不分年龄统计,LPO含最下降0.827±1.048 nmol/ml(P<0.05)。Na~+-K~+-ATPase活性增加0.057±0.074μmol Pi/mg pro/hr(P<0.05)。认为654-2可能有抗衰老作用,并与普鲁卡因比较,讨论了其降低LPO的可能途径。     

不同年龄组儿童甲状腺测量值及其变化的研究

调查了90具童尸用状腺的基本形态,可分四型。其中以甲状腺由两侧叶及峡部组成者为最多,占50.22%。测量了甲状腺各部的长、宽、厚。分年龄组进行了数据的统计学处理,并计算出儿童与成人甲状腺各部相应值的百分比。结果显示:小儿甲状腺侧叶的长度和宽度在幼儿期(1—3岁)就已发育近成人的一半。随着年龄的增长,甲状腺各部的均值逐渐增加。除各部的宽度以及锥体叶的长度外,各相邻两组间同项均数的比较,经双侧T检验发现差异具有高度显著性(P<0.01)。