Roles of oxygen radicals and elastase in citric acid-induced airway constriction of guinea-pigs

Antioxidants attenuate noncholinergic airway constriction. To further investigate the relationship between tachykinin-mediated airway constriction and oxygen radicals, we explored citric acid-induced bronchial constriction in 48 young Hartley strain guinea-pigs, divided into six groups: control; citric acid; hexa(sulphobutyl)fullerenes + citric acid; hexa(sulphobutyl)fullerenes + phosphoramidon + citric acid; dimethylthiourea (DMTU) + citric acid; and DMTU + phosphoramidon + citric acid. Hexa(sulphobutyl)fullerenes and DMTU are scavengers of oxygen radicals while phosphoramidon is an inhibitor of the major degradation enzyme for tachykinins. Animals were anaesthetized, paralyzed, and artificially ventilated. Each animal was given 50 breaths of 4 ml saline or citric acid aerosol. We measured dynamic respiratory compliance (Crs), forced expiratory volume in 0.1 (FEV0.1), and maximal expiratory flow at 30% total lung capacity (Vmax30) to evaluate the degree of airway constriction. Citric acid, but not saline, aerosol inhalation caused marked decreases in Crs, FEV0.1 and Vmax30, indicating marked airway constriction. This constriction was significantly attenuated by either hexa(sulphobutyl)fullerenes or by DMTU. In addition, phosphoramidon significantly reversed the attenuating action of hexa(sulphobutyl)fullerenes, but not that of DMTU. Citric acid aerosol inhalation caused increases in both lucigenin- and t-butyl hydroperoxide-initiated chemiluminescence counts, indicating citric acid-induced increase in oxygen radicals and decrease in antioxidants in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. These alterations were significantly suppressed by either hexa(sulphobutyl)fullerenes or DMTU. An elastase inhibitor eglin-c also significantly attenuated citric acid-induced airway constriction, indicating the contributing role of elastase in this type of constriction. We conclude that both oxygen radicals and elastase play an important role in tachykinin-mediated, citric acid-induced airway constriction.     

远志皂苷的降压作用及其机制

研究无志皂苷对血压的影响。方法：大鼠麻醉后左颈总动脉记录平均动脉压,尾袖法测定清醒大鼠和肾性高血压大鼠收缩压。结果：ＴＳ２,４,８ｍｇ．ｋｇ＾－１ｉｖ,２０和４０ｍｇ．ｋｇ＾－１ｉｇ分别使ＭＡＰ降低３１％,３７％,５０％,２１％和３１％,４０ｍｇ．ｋｇ＾－１ｉｇ使清醒大鼠和ＲＶＨＲ的血压分别于给药后６０和９０ｍｉｎ降低３８．０％和２６．８％,并至少维持２和３ｈ。     

The eyes of transforming growth factor-sZ1 (TGF-sZ1) transgenic mice Morphology and the development of endotoxin-induced uveitis

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGFsZ) is a potent regulator of cellular growth and immune function. The authors studied ocular histology and endotoxin-induced uveitis in a TGF-sZ(1) transgenic (Tg) murine model. TGF-sZ(1) Tg mice were generated by micro injecting a gene constructed by fusing the mouse albumin enhancer/promoter and porcine TGF-sZ(1) cDNA. The eyes of Tg mice from two to 14 weeks of age were studied histologically. Tg mice, two to five weeks of age exhibited mild fragmentation of the lens fibers and retinal edema. No pathology was found from six to ten weeks of age, however, a progressive increased frequency of cataract was observed from 11 to 14 weeks of age. Plasma TGF-sZ(1) levels were much higher in Tg mice than age-matched wild type control littermates (wt). Endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) in six-to eight-week-old Tg and wt mice was induced by footpad injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Mice were euthanized 24 hr after LPS injection, the eyes were collected for histology and serum assayed for IL-6 and TGF-sZ(1). There was a decrease in the mean numbers of infiltrating cells in Tg mice compared to wt mice. Serum IL-6 and TGF-sZ(1) were much higher in Tg mice. The authors concluded that expression of the TGF-sZ(1) transgene in the eyes may have effect on lens growth. Overexpression of TGF-sZ(1) results in little or no effect on the development of EIU.     

定志丸对东莨菪碱诱发大鼠被动回避反应的影响

唐·孙思邈《备急千金要方》的定志丸在防治记忆障碍作用上较《太平惠民和剂局方》记载的定志丸为佳。茯苓、远志、石菖蒲有协同人参之作用。《和剂局方》中的朱砂未见有改善学习记忆障碍的作用,故无组成方剂意义。     

The spectrum of cavernous sinus and orbital venous thrombosis: a case and a review

Orbital venous pathologies encompass a broad range of entities including tumors, shunts, congenital anomalies, aneurysms, and obstructive lesions. Patients may present with a variety of clinical findings which may include a combination of tumefaction, vascular engorgement, orbital pulsation, and exophthalmos, depending on the relationship between the lesion and the vascular system. Clinical findings may be unreliable in excluding serious underlying disorders, and so an extensive clinical and radiologic evaluation is necessary. This article presents a rare case of spontaneous aseptic cavernous sinus-superior ophthalmic vein thrombosis in a woman on hormone replacement therapy, and illustrates the multidisciplinary approach in diagnosis and management. The literature on issues surrounding this case is reviewed.     

Initial results of laser angioplasty under angioscopic guidance for salvage of an ischemic lower limb: preliminary report

From March to July 1989, nine patients at risk for peripheral artery disease underwent intraoperative Nd:YAG laser angioplasty using angioscopy at the Veterans General Hospital (Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China). Following the laser angioplasty, balloon dilatation was performed in all cases. Eight men and one woman at an average age of 68 were included in the study (range: 58 to 78 years old). Ischemic symptoms included five patients with disabling claudication, four with pain at rest and one with gangrene on the toes. Eight of the nine patients had complete occlusions ranging from 2 to 19 cm in length. Two patients had high degree multiple segmental stenosis of the superficial femoral artery from 1 to 2 cm in length. Initial clinical success (indicated by relief of symptoms and increase in Doppler ankle pressure and index) and improvement in the angiographic luminal diameter was noted in 9 of 10 occluded vessels (90%) that underwent Nd:YAG laser treatment which was delivered at 10 to 12 watts through laser probes. Prelaser intraluminal diameter increased from 0.05 +/- 0.07 to 0.53 +/- 0.07 mm, Doppler ankle pressure index rose from 0.51 +/- 0.12 to 0.81 +/- 0.12, Doppler ankle pressure increased from 62.44 +/- 16.10 to 104 +/- 21.21 mmHg and the amplitude of pulse volume recorder at ankle level rose from 5.77 +/- 2.80 to 12.11 +/- 2.77 mm as compared with prelaser therapy (P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

药事管理学科科研问题及对策浅析

分析当前我国药事管理学科科研中存在的问题和原因。提出发展科研的思路与方法。     

氟尿苷在大鼠子宫组织内的分布及药动学研究

 目的研究氟尿苷(FUDR)在大鼠血清及子宫组织内的分布、代谢特征并进一步探讨FUDR与氟尿嘧啶(5FU)转化关系。方法建立了大鼠血清和子宫组织中FUDR及5FU的HPLC测定方法。130只雌性Wistar大鼠随机分组，尾静脉恒速输注FUDR或5FU，并按照设计的时间点断头放血，采集血及子宫组织标本，测定各标本中的FUDR及5FU浓度。考察FUDR在大鼠体内的动力学特征及其与5FU的转化关系，以及FUDR与5FU在大鼠子宫组织的分布特征。结果在本实验的剂量下，FUDR在大鼠体内呈现线性代谢特征，而其代谢物5FU则符合非线性特征。静脉输注时，5FU具有较强的血液/子宫组织穿透能力，其子宫组织5FU浓度(2.19～5.87) μg·g^-1与血液浓度(4.52～5.41) mg·L^-1相当。而输注FUDR时，子宫组织内的FUDR浓度很低，代谢物5FU的浓度(2.53～5.11)μg·g^-1却与输注5FU时的相当，而此时血清5FU浓度(0.47～0.83) mg·L^-1却远低于输注5FU时的血清浓度。结论FUDR具有更强的子宫组织亲和力，静脉输注FUDR后子宫组织内其代谢物5FU的浓度较高。     

氟伐他汀治疗肾病综合征高脂血症的量效观察

目的　观察氟伐他汀对肾病综合征高脂血症剂量与疗效的关系。方法　在常规治疗的基础上 ,6 4例肾病综合征高脂血症患者分为 2组 ,A组 33例口服氟伐他汀 80mg/d ,B组 31例口服氟伐他汀 2 0mg/d ,观察疗效和安全性。结果　A组服药 2周后 ,血清TC ,TG ,LDL -C水平与治疗前比较分别降低 2 4 .6 5 % ,2 5 .0 8% ,32 .0 3% (P <0 .0 0 1) ;B组分别降低4 .83% ,0 .33% ,5 .87% (P >0 .0 5 )。以上结果的组间比较均有统计学差别。A组服用 2周时降低TC ,TG ,LDL -C的显效率及降低TC总有效率均明显高于B组。两组治疗期间均未发现明显的不良反应。结论　氟伐他汀治疗肾病综合征高脂血症时 ,治疗效果与剂量存在明显的正相关 ,对肾病综合征高脂血症患者应采用大剂量氟伐他汀方法 ,对及时纠正高脂血症、改善病情有利