恶性肿瘤中TGF-β1信号传递分子DPC4/Smad4的研究进展

DPC4/Smad4基因是新近被鉴定的一个肿瘤抑制基因 ,其编码的DPC4/Smad4蛋白是TGF β信号传导通路中的重要传导蛋白 ,是TGF β配体、受体结合后后续信号传导的胞质递质 ,参与TGF β受体激活后的信号传导。DPC4/Smad4调控的下游目的基因有p2 1WAF1、uPA、PAI 1、VEGF、TSP 1。转化生长因子 -β(transforminggrowthfactorbeta ,TGF β)信号传导通路的配体、受体、胞内信号传导分子Smad蛋白及其调控的下游目的基因等组成一个肿瘤生长的负性调节 ,通路中任何一个元件的异常都可引起信号传导紊乱 ,导致肿瘤发生     

儿童功能性消化不良与幽门螺杆菌感染的关系

目的探讨儿童功能性消化不良与幽门螺杆菌（HP）感染的关系。方法用ELISA法和胃液尿素酶试验检测163例功能性消化不良和54例健康儿童的HP感染情况。结果血清HP-IgG阳性申功能性消化不良组高于对照组（43．6％:14.8％，X2＝14．7，ｐ＜0.01），尿素酶试验阳性率功能性消化不良组也高于对照组（15．3％:3．7％，x2＝5．07，p＜o．05）。内镜检查15例患儿中，慢性胃炎12例（占80％）。经抗HP治疗功能性消化不良症状消失。结论儿童功能性消化不良与HP感染相关，HP是该疾病的主要病因之一。     

基因重组干扰素α-2b脂质体的药代动力学研究

研究注射用干扰素α2b脂质体在大鼠体内的药代动力学及小鼠组织分布、排泄。运用同位素示踪法结合SDSPAGE,测定静脉注射后大鼠血液中原型药物浓度并做其胆汁排泄试验;用小鼠进行组织分布试验和尿粪排泄试验。结果:符合一级消除动力学的二房室模型,干扰素α2b的t1/2β为0.69h,脂质体3个剂量的t1/2β分别为3.36h、3.02h、2.34h,干扰素α2b脂质体在大多组织中分布增加,肝脾中尤其明显。脂质体能够显著延长干扰素α2b在血液及组织中半衰期,提高靶向性。     

Different astroglial reaction between the vagal dorsal motor nucleus and nucleus ambiguus following vagal-hypoglossal nerve anastomosis in cats

The dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) and nucleus ambiguus (NA) were both traced with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) retrograde labelling technique after vagal-hypoglossal nerve anastomosis (VHA). By light microscopy, reinnervation of the new target, viz. tongue skeletal musculature, by DMV and NA was established at 22 days postoperation (dpo) as shown by the neuronal labelling with HRP. Ultrastructurally, signs of retrograde degeneration occurred in some DMV and NA neurons between 3 and 25 days after VHA. The incidence of darkened dendrites, an early sign of dendritic loss, was more common in the DMV compared to the NA. Accompanying the neuronal alteration were drastic astrocytic reactions in the DMV, but not in the NA. Between 3 and 7 dpo, the astrocytes in the DMV showed extensively hypertrophied processes and by 22 dpo, the somata and dendrites of HRP-labelled DMV neurons, but not NA's, appeared to be delineated by the increased lamellar astrocytic processes. Such a feature was sustained throughout the remaining postoperative intervals up to 500 dpo. It is concluded that the DMV motoneurons being autonomic in nature are probably not conducive to the newly acquired target organ. Hence, the insulation of the regenerating DMV motoneurons by the astroglial ensheathment would be vital in the neuronal remodelling and reconstruction of the vagal-hypoglossal pathway.     

上海市闵行区中小学生肥胖患病率调查

[目的 ]　了解上海市闵行区中小学生肥胖和超重患病率情况 ,为预防儿童肥胖制订防制策略及措施提供基础资料。　 [方法 ]　普查区内共 40 3 10名中小学学生的身高体重。采用体重指数 (BMI)和身高别体重法同时评价调查对象的肥胖患病率。　 [结果 ]　研究人群平均年龄 ( 12 .5 9± 3 .0 7)岁 ,总体BMI为 18.63± 3 .3 1,其中男性BMI高于女性。以BMI法为评价标准总体肥胖患病率为 2 .76%,超重患病率为 11.5 7%;以身高别体重法为参考标准则肥胖的患病率为 6.17%,超重的患病率为 6.76%,两种评价方法的总体患病率差异有极显著性。肥胖和超重患病率总体上呈现男高女低 ,并随年龄增加而逐渐减低。　 [结论 ]　闵行区中小学生的肥胖总体患病率呈现随年龄的增高而逐渐降低趋势。中小学生超重比例较高 ,应及早制订防制策略及措施 ,减少肥胖发生     

下咽癌120例临床疗效的回顾性分析

目的探讨下咽癌单纯手术、术后放疗和术后放疗 化疗的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析1979年2月~2002年10月收治的下咽癌120例。单纯手术组(简称S组)30例,术后放疗组(简称S R组)60例,术后放疗和化疗组(简称S R C组)30例。随访中位时间42.7个月。结果根据Kaplan-Meier方法统计S组、S R组、S R C组3、5年生存率分别为34.9%、30.4%,47.5%、42.9%,56.1%、47.3%。S组3、5年生存率和S R组及S R C组3、5年生存率存在显著性差异(χ2=8.87,P=0.003,χ2=4.74,P=0.029,χ2=11.47,P=0.009,χ2=13.22,P=0.001),S R组和S R C组3年生存率存在显著性差异(χ2=3.42,P=0.047),S R组和S R C组5年生存率差异无显著性(χ2=2.60,P=0.279)。结论术后放疗明显提高了下咽癌3、5年生存率,应该成为下咽癌首选的治疗方法。合并化疗的综合治疗未能明显提高下咽癌5年生存率。     

广东省壮族聚居区宫颈癌病因调查

目的了解广东省壮族集中居住人群宫颈癌发病率及流行病学特征,为宫颈癌的防治提供依据。方法以当地壮族集中居住人群中年龄为20～65岁,有2年以上性生活史的妇女为调查对象。进行病史询问、妇科检查、阴道镜检查、宫颈口、宫颈管刮片细胞标本采集及苏木素染色法。结果从2004年9月至2005年10月共调查了9个乡镇共1876人,宫颈癌总患病率为0.21%。比全国发病率的0.015%高出0.195%,并向年轻化发展。结论广东壮族地区宫颈癌为高发区,患病原因可能与早婚、早育、多胎、居住的卫生条件恶劣、卫生知识缺乏等有关。为提高壮族地区人群健康水平,早干预、阻止病情发展、开展婚育知识教育及疾病健康知识教育尤为重要。     

严重肺挫伤及休克缺血再灌注早期呼吸功能变化

目的研究兔严重肺挫伤及休克缺血再灌注早期呼吸功能变化。方法25只实验兔随机分为严重肺挫伤组(SLC,n=10)、严重肺挫伤休克缺血再灌注组(SLC+IR,n=10)和对照组(MC,n=5),建立动物模型,在挫伤前及挫伤后1、2、3、4小时各时点监测心率、血压、呼吸频率、潮气量、气道压力、呼吸流率曲线、呼气末CO2浓度、动脉血气分析及动静脉混和血气分析,根据公式计算出每分钟通气量、肺泡通气量、肺内分流、肺泡-动脉血氧分压差、肺顺应性、气道阻力及生理死腔与潮气量之比,用以评价肺通气功能、换气功能及呼吸力学的变化。结果肺挫伤及休克再灌注后1h实验兔呼吸频率变浅变快,出现明显的肺内肺分流(p<0.05);肺挫伤及休克再灌注后2h实验兔生理死腔/潮气量明显增加,休克再灌注组肺泡-动脉血氧分压差亦增大明显(p<0.05);肺挫伤及休克再灌注后3～4h实验兔肺泡通气量降低、动脉血压分压下降(p<0.05),肺顺应性降低,肺阻力增大(p<0.01)。结论严重肺挫伤及休克再灌注后1～2h已有通气功能损害,3～4h通气功能、换气功能及呼吸力学损害更明显,并且严重肺挫伤合并休克呼吸功能损害比单纯肺挫伤损害出现早且严重。     

Target-dependent axonal sprouting following vagal-hypoglossal nerve anastomosis in cats

Purpose: To investigate the relationships between the axonal sprouting and target neurotization by central neurons after nerve heterocon-nection. Methods: Unilateral (right) vagal-hypoglossal nerve anastomosis (VHA) was performed in adult cats. Following 3-315 days postoperation (dpo), quantitative analyses and ultrastructural changes in the proximal portion of the vagal-hypoglossal heteroconnected nerve as well as the time course of neuronal regeneration were studied. Along with this, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) retrograde tracing technique was used to label the neurons of dorsal motor vagal nucleus (DMV) and nucleus ambiguus (NA) to ascertain if target neurotization was established. Results: The contralateral (left) intact vagus nerve proximal to the level of ansa cervicalis showed an average of 33 +/- 1 myelinated and 74 +/- 4 unmyelinated axons in 727 &mgr;m(2) sectional area of the nerve. In the heteroconnected nerve at the corresponding level just proximal to the anastomosis site, there was a marked increase in the number of small axons sprouting from the unmyelinated nerve fibers between 18 and 25 dpo. The number of these axonal sprouts appeared to decline at 32 dpo but its increase of 131 % was sustained until the late regeneration stage at 315 dpo when compared with the contralateral nerve serving as a control. The mean number of myelinated axons per area unit (727 &mgr;m(2)) was reduced to 18 at 3 dpo but was immediately restored to the normal range at 7 dpo. The retrograde labelling of neurons in both the DMV and NA was first detected at 22 dpo and was progressively increased peaking by about 67 dpo. Conclusions: We conclude that compared with the unmyelinated axons, the myelinated axons may acquire a superior interaction with the new target. Furthermore, the postoperative neurotization of tongue muscles may initiate and facilitate the retraction of the redundant axonal sprouts.