镇江市护士分层培训及分层进阶现况分析

目的调查镇江市各医院护士分层培训及分层进阶的方法及现状。方法2018年4—5月间采用自行设计的调查问卷,对全市医院的护理人员进行随机抽样调查。结果调查显示镇江市96.45%的护士受医院分层培训及分层进阶这一模式的管理。其中N1占16.77%,N2占29.5%,N3占41.9%,N4占8.7%,其他占3.11%。有24.53%的护士对医院目前的分层培训方式感到满意并认为无需改进,40.99%的护士表示满意,但需要改进,29.19%的护士表示基本满意,需要改进,5.28%的护士表示不满意需要较大改进。95.82%的医院科室对不用层级的护士有不同的核心能力要求并根据不同核心能力要求进行培训。结论护士分层培训几分层进阶这一管理模式在镇江各医院都有体现,但各医院实行的方式有较大差异,配套的管理方式也有待完善。     

A comparison of the relationships between psychosocial factors,occupational strain,and work ability among 4 ethnic teacher groups in China

The present study compared the level of occupational strain and work ability among Han, Hui, Uygur, Hui, and Kazakh teachers, and explored ethnic differences based on the associations of psychosocial factors at work, occupational strain, and work ability. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 2,941 teachers in primary and secondary schools in Xinjiang Province, China. Psychosocial factors, occupational strain, and work ability were measured using the Occupation Stress Inventory—Revised Edition (OSI-R) and Work Ability Index. Han and Hui teachers experienced reduced work ability compared with Uygur and Kazakh teachers, and this finding was caused, in part, by exposure to psychosocial factors at work. The vocational and psychological strains caused by these factors play an important role in reduced work ability among all ethnic teacher groups. The findings indicate the importance of taking action to reduce occupational strain for promoting teachers' work ability in multiethnic workplaces.     

指压天枢穴加腹部按摩联合番泻叶在静脉肾盂造影患者中的应用效果

目的探讨指压天枢穴加腹部按摩联合番泻叶在静脉肾盂造影患者中的应用效果。方法选取我院2018年12月至2019年8月期间行静脉肾盂造影的120例患者,随机分为两组各60例。对照组给予番泻叶,观察组给予天枢穴指压加腹部按摩联合番泻叶,比较两组的肠道清洁力度和不良反应情况。结果治疗后,观察组的肠道清洁力度明显高于对照组(P <0.05);观察组的不良反应发生率为6.67%,明显低于对照组的23.33%(P <0.05)。结论静脉肾盂造影患者采用指压天枢穴加腹部按摩联合番泻叶的效果较好,可提高肠道清洁力度,降低不良反应发生率。     

同型半胱氨酸与绝经后女性颈动脉粥样硬化的相关性研究

目的 研究同型半胱氨酸(homocysteine,Hcy)是否为绝经后女性颈动脉粥样硬化的独立风险因素。 方法 对2017年12月—2018年12月北京协和医院健康体检的1 204名55岁以上绝经后女性,进行Hcy检测和颈动脉超声检查。使用多变量logistic回归方法分析Hcy及其他传统风险因素对颈动脉粥样硬化的影响。 结果 Hcy平均值(12.4±3.3)μmol/L,高Hcy血症176人(14.62%)。Hcy与年龄和BMI正相关(分别r=0.19,P<0.001;r=0.11, P<0.001)。颈动脉粥样硬化患者的Hcy显著升高(Z=-2.56,P=0.011)。logistic回归显示,对于颈动脉粥样硬化只有年龄(OR=1.11,95%CI:1.09~1.14)和收缩压(OR=1.02,95%CI:1.01~1.02)是独立风险因素;对颈动脉斑块形成年龄(OR=1.10,95%CI:1.08~1.12)、收缩压(OR=1.02,95%CI:1.01~1.03)、糖化血红蛋白(OR=1.27,95%CI:1.07~1.50)和高血压病史(OR=1.40,95%CI:1.06~1.87)是独立危险因素。 结论 在绝经后女性,Hcy不是动脉粥样硬化发生的独立风险因素,筛查高Hcy血症在预防该人群颈动脉粥样硬化的意义仍需进一步证明。     

Clinical Diagnostic Implications of Body Fluid MiRNA in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Meta-Analysis

Oral cancer, predominantly oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), is one of the most leading causes of cancers worldwide. Due to a low 5-year survival rate, highly effective methods for the early detection of OSCC are totally needed. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), as promising biomarkers, can bring insights into tumorigenesis of oral cancers. However, studies on the accuracy of miRNAs detection in OSCC have inconsistent conclusions, leading us to conduct this meta-analysis. The aim of this study was to systematically review the articles investigating the diagnostic value of miRNAs in OSCC.The PubMed, Embase, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Web of Science were searched (updated to June 11th, 2015) to identify all articles evaluating the diagnostic yield of miRNAs for OSCC. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, and other diagnostic parameters were used to assess the performance of miRNAs assays on OSCC detection. Statistical analysis was conducted by employing the R software.The present meta-analysis comprised 23 studies from 10 articles, including 598 OSCC patients and 320 healthy individuals, available for analysis. The summary receiver operator characteristic (SROC) curve was plotted. Meanwhile, the pooled diagnostic parameters and the area under curve (AUC) were calculated based on all included studies. The pooled diagnostic parameters calculated from all 23 studies were as follows: pooled sensitivity of 0.759 (95% CI: 0.701–0.809), pooled specificity of 0.773 (95% CI: 0.713–0.823) and AUC of 0.832, which indicates a relatively high diagnostic accuracy of miRNAs in differentiating OSCC patients from healthy controls. Meanwhile, In addition, subgroup analyses were conducted to access the heterogeneity between studies, which is based on specimen (serum/plasma/blood/saliva/ tissue) and ethnicity (Asian/Caucasian).In summary, our meta-analysis suggests that miRNAs might be used in noninvasive screening tests for OSCC, which needs further large-scale studies to be validated.     

阿帕替尼治疗晚期及术后复发肺肉瘤样癌的疗效分析

目的探索阿帕替尼治疗晚期及术后复发肺肉瘤样癌的疗效。方法收集2016年6月至2019年8月Ⅲ~Ⅳ期及术后复发的肺肉瘤样癌患者21例,口服阿帕替尼(250~425 mg/d)治疗,30 d为1个疗程,观察并分析疗效及评价安全性。结果21例患者中,完全缓解(CR)为0,部分缓解(PR)为14.3%(3例),稳定(SD)为33.3%(7例),疾病进展(PD)为52.4%(11例);客观反应率(ORR)为13.3%(3例),疾病控制率(DCR)为47.6%(10例)。中位总生存期(mOS)为4.6个月,中位无进展生存期(mPFS)为1.0个月。病灶≥6 cm(或≥5 cm)较<6 cm(或<5 cm)平均OS明显缩短,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后分期Ⅰ~Ⅱ期较Ⅲ~Ⅳ期平均OS明显延长(P<0.05)。位于中央的病灶较周围的病灶平均OS明显缩短,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。性别、年龄(>60岁,≤60岁)、吸烟史(是/否)对疗效影响差异无统计学意义。常见不良反应包括高血压38.1%(8例)、蛋白尿23.8%(5例)、手足综合征28.6%(6例)、腹泻28.6(6例)、骨髓抑制38.1%(8例)。结论阿帕替尼治疗晚期及术后复发肺肉瘤样癌具有一定疗效,不良反应可控,病灶大小、位置及分期可能是疗效的独立影响因素。     

急性肺血栓栓塞的急诊诊疗研究进展

急性肺血栓栓塞(APTE)是内科的危急重症之一,是以肺部功能障碍及右心室功能不全为主要特征的心血管疾病。其临床表现复杂,但又缺乏特异性表现,因而易与其他疾病相混淆,造成误诊、漏诊。近年来,APTE的发病率以及致死率呈逐年上升的趋势,使患者的生命健康受到严重威胁。该文系统总结了APTE的诱发因素以及病理学特点,详细介绍了实验室检查以及常用的影像学检查等先进手段,并针对APTE的紧急处理以及当前主要的溶栓和抗凝治疗方法进行概述。