胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白与胰岛素抵抗的关系

胰岛素样生长因子系统是一个由配体、受体、结合蛋白及蛋白酶构成的复杂网络,会受到诸多因子的调节.该系统中的胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白在不同细胞的增殖和分化中起着重要的作用.临床及体内外研究表明胰岛素抵抗形成过程中,IGFBP出现异常表达.IGFBP通过不同机制抑制或促进胰岛素抵抗的形成.     

槲皮素对柔红霉素所致心肌损伤的保护作用

目的观察槲皮素(QUE)对柔红霉素(DNR)所致小鼠心肌损伤的保护作用.方法 52只小鼠分5个实验组,1组作为空白对照组.1组用DNR诱导小鼠心肌损伤;1组用QUE灌胃给药后再用DNR诱导心肌损伤作为保护组;1组只给QUE灌胃作为保护对照组;1组给予DMSO灌胃作为溶剂对照组.观察各组小鼠的血清心肌酶谱、心肌和血清中脂质过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)的含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的变化.观察心脏大体改变,并制备病理切片,HE染色后,光镜下观察心肌形态学变化.结果 DNR组小鼠的血清心肌酶谱显著升高,血清和心肌中MDA含量显著增高,SOD活性降低,引起心脏充血、水肿,心肌颗粒变性,灶性出血、坏死.而QUE保护组的心肌酶升高程度明显降低、血清和心肌组织中MDA含量无明显增加,SOD活性不降低,心肌无明显出血灶及颗粒变性.结论槲皮素对柔红霉素诱导的小鼠心肌损伤有保护作用.其机理可能与清除氧自由基、抗脂质过氧化损伤有关.     

滋养层侵袭力及其调控因素

滋养细胞的有限侵袭对于正常的妊娠至关重要,其侵入机制与肿瘤细胞的转移相似,但与肿瘤细胞不同的是滋养层细胞的侵袭受母体及自身的多种旁分泌和自分泌因子的严格网络级联调控[1,2],要成功地侵入,绒毛外滋养层必须执行大量功能:母体螺旋动脉改建;耐受低氧,增殖、凋亡、分化,黏附并消化细胞外基质,移动并和母体免疫系统相互作用。其中每一种功能都具有错综复杂的控制系统,因此,滋养层的侵入是一个对抗机制精细调控的平衡。     

Association between a T/C polymorphism in intron 2 of cholesterol 24S-hydroxylase gene and Alzheimer's disease in Chinese

A polymorphism (T/C) in intron 2 of the cholesterol 24-hydroxylase (CYP46) gene has recently been reported to be associated with the risk for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD). To investigate possible involvement of the CYP46 gene and apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene polymorphisms in the manifestation of LOAD, we analyzed 99 sporadic LOAD patients and 113 healthy controls of China. We found an obvious association between CYP46 TT genotype and LOAD (OR = 2.98, 95% CI 1.64-5.44, P < 0.001). A clear increase of the risk to develop LOAD was also observed in subjects carrying both the CYP46 TT genotype and the APOE epsilon4-allele (OR = 12.94, 95% CI 4.26-39.32, P < 0.001). Our data reveal that the polymorphism of CYP46 intron 2 is implicated in the susceptibility to LOAD and a strong synergistic interaction between CYP46 TT homozoygots and APOE epsilon4 carrier status on the risk of LOAD.     

CD3AK细胞过继免疫治疗的实验研究

目的: 分析抗CD3分子的单克隆抗体 (mAb)yCD3的免疫学特性和生物学活性, 观察其激活的免疫活性细胞CD3AK体外及动物体内的抑瘤作用。方法: 用流式细胞术(FCM)测定yCD3的特异性, 以及CD3AK细胞的免疫表型和产生细胞因子的情况。用 3H -TdR法测定yCD3对淋巴细胞转化的作用; 乳酸脱氢酶法 (LDH)测定CD3AK细胞的体外细胞毒活性。建立荷瘤小鼠模型, 观察静脉注射CD3AK细胞后肿瘤生长的情况、转移灶数量和小鼠存活天数。结果: yCD3与T细胞呈特异性反应, 5μgyCD3可竞争抑制 70%的标准抗CD3抗体与细胞表面CD3分子的结合。yCD3刺激外周血淋巴细胞增殖的有效浓度为 8μg/L, 并与IL- 2、抗CD28抗体有协同作用。活化的CD3AK细胞中CD3 、CD8 和CD25 细胞增多; 产生IL- 2和IFN γ的CD3 细胞均有不同程度的增加, 在抗CD28抗体协同刺激下分别增加 3. 29和 2. 47倍。当效靶细胞比为 80∶1时, CD3AK细胞对体外肿瘤细胞杀伤的百分率为 57. 54%。分组观察荷瘤动物, CD3AK细胞治疗组的抑瘤率为 33. 17%, 对小鼠肿瘤肺转移的抑制率为39. 70%, 与LAK细胞联合治疗的疗效更显著。结论: yCD3可活化T细胞, 诱导的CD3AK细胞在体外及动物体内显示抑制肿瘤的作用, 在临床抗肿瘤过继性免疫治疗中具有重要意义。     

PHARMACOKINETICS OF ATRACURIUM IN ANAESTHETIZED INFANTS AND CHILDREN

The pharmacokinetics of atracurium were studied in infants andchildren anaesthetized with isoflurane and nitrous oxide inoxygen. There were no significant differences in volume of distribution(area) (139 v. 152 ml kg^–1), clearance (5.1 v. 5.3 mlkg^–1 min^–1), T (2.1 v. 2.0 mim), or T^ß(19.1 v. 20.3 min) between children with normal hepatic andrenal function and those with moderately impaired hepatic functionpresenting for hepatic transplantation. There were significantdifferences in volume of distribution (area) (176 v. 139 mlkg^–1) and in clearance of atracurium (9.1 v.5.1 ml kg^–1min^–1) between infants and children with normal excretoryfunction. In infants the clearance of atracurium in ml m^–1min^–1 (153 v. 133) tended to be greater and the T andT^ß tended to be shorter (1.0 v. 2.0 and 13.6 v. 19.1)than in children with normal excretory function; however, thesetrends did not reach statistical significance. Plasma laudanosineconcentration was around 100 ng ml^–1 greater in patientswith liver disease than in normal children from 15–45min following a bolus of atracurium 0.5 mg kg^–1.     

老年髋部骨折患者围术期“2P-3R”营养管理模式构建

目的构建老年髋部骨折患者围术期营养管理模式,促进患者早手术、早下地、早康复。方法针对老年髋部骨折患者营养管理现状,采用课题研究型品管圈活动进行改进。经过科学循证、专家指导等,从术前、术后及家庭三个环节,骨科、营养科、家庭三个维度,人员、制度、材料设备、方法、信息五个方面,制定三大对策群组并予以实施,包括组建营养支持团队、构建营养管理策略、搭建多维信息交互平台等。结果老年髋部骨折患者首次下地时间缩短为26.7 h,平均住院日缩短为5.6 d,实现了早手术、早下地、早康复的目标。结论对老年髋部骨折患者实施个性化、全流程的序贯性营养干预具有重要意义。后续还需开展大样本多中心研究以进一步验证成效,数据自动采集与智能反馈也是今后研究重点。     

气相色谱-串联质谱法测定血清中的16种多环芳烃

目的 建立血清中16种多环芳烃的气相色谱-串联质谱测定方法。方法 血清样经甲醇沉淀蛋白,加入正己烷与二氯甲烷混合溶剂萃取,萃取物氮吹至近干后,正己烷和二氯甲烷混合溶剂复溶,取1 μl上清液进样分析。16种待测多环芳烃经DB-5色谱柱(30 m×0.25 mm,0.25 μm)分离,多反应监测模式监测,内标法定量。结果 本法在1.0 μg/L～2.0×10² μg/L范围内线性良好,方法检出限为4.20×10^-2 μg/L～0.27 μg/L,加标回收率为79.7%～108.0%,精密度为2.57%～6.76%。结论 本方法具有灵敏、快速、回收率和重复性好等优点,满足人血清中多种多环芳烃测定的要求。     

云浮市2015-2019年疑似预防接种异常反应监测分析

目的 分析云浮市2015-2019年疑似预防接种异常反应(AE FI)的发生特征和AEFI监测系统运转情况.方法 通过全国AEFI信息管理系统收集云浮市2015-2019年报告的个案数据,采用描述性流行病学方法分析AEFI发生情况.结果 云浮市2015-2019年共报告AEFI个案578例,报告发生率8.69/10万剂次.主要发生在5-8月份,共281例,占报告总数的48.62％;年龄以0岁组为主,共217例,占37.54％.90.83％的AEFI病例发生在接种疫苗后24h内.除2015年48 h内报告率、调查表及时报告率和2016年48 h内报告率不达标,其余各年份各指标均达到国家AEFI监测方案的要求.一般反应359例,占62.11％;异常反应192例,占33.22％.报告病例数涉及的的疫苗主要是无细胞百白破联合疫苗(DTaP)、麻疹-风疹联合减毒活疫苗(MR)和流行性乙型脑炎减毒活疫苗(JEV-L);99.48％的病例预后良好.结论 云浮市AEFI监测工作运行良好,预防接种安全.     

Recency-Weighted Statistical Modeling Approach to Attribute Illnesses Caused by 4 Pathogens to Food Sources Using Outbreak Data,United States

Foodborne illness source attribution is foundational to a risk-based food safety system. We describe a method for attributing US foodborne illnesses caused by nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli O157, Listeria monocytogenes, and Campylobacter to 17 food categories using statistical modeling of outbreak data. This method adjusts for epidemiologic factors associated with outbreak size, down-weights older outbreaks, and estimates credibility intervals. On the basis of 952 reported outbreaks and 32,802 illnesses during 1998–2012, we attribute 77% of foodborne Salmonella illnesses to 7 food categories (seeded vegetables, eggs, chicken, other produce, pork, beef, and fruits), 82% of E. coli O157 illnesses to beef and vegetable row crops, 81% of L. monocytogenes illnesses to fruits and dairy, and 74% of Campylobacter illnesses to dairy and chicken. However, because Campylobacter outbreaks probably overrepresent dairy as a source of nonoutbreak campylobacteriosis, we caution against using these Campylobacter attribution estimates without further adjustment.