粪便隐血试验在检测结直肠癌中的应用

结直肠癌的病因仍未明了.因此,尚不可能作一级预防,即去除诱发的影响.生存率的提高有赖于二级预防,即检出可治疗的癌前病变或早期病变,为此需对危险人群定期进行普查筛选.结直肠癌是可筛选的疾病,原因为:1.常见病,美国约20人中可有1人患结肠癌.2.严重性,如不治疗大多致死.3.大多数病例的症状前期长.病人可有癌前腺瘤或早期病变数年而无症状.4.早期诊断和治疗预后良好.筛选所得病例经手术治疗后5年生存率在90%以上,有症状的病例则低于50%.     

地高辛标记寡核苷酸探针原位杂交检测大鼠移植静脉TGF－βmRNA表达

平滑肌细胞过度增殖是导致移植血管再狭窄的关键，其发病机理迄今尚未完全明确。分于生物学的迅猛发展为深入研究其分子机理创造了条件。组织切片原位杂交即是重要手段之一。传统的放射性标记探针由于半衰期短，实验周期长，且具辐射损伤等，限制了其应用。本实验利用地高辛标记寡核苷酸探针原位杂交检测大白鼠自体移植静脉ＴＧＦ－βｍＲＮＡ表达，取得满意效果。     

Gene RB cloned from Solanum bulbocastanum confers broad spectrum resistance to potato late blight

Late blight, caused by the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans, is the most devastating potato disease in the world. Control of late blight in the United States and other developed countries relies extensively on fungicide application. We previously demonstrated that the wild diploid potato species Solanum bulbocastanum is highly resistant to all known races of P. infestans. Potato germplasm derived from S. bulbocastanum has shown durable and effective resistance in the field. Here we report the cloning of the major resistance gene RB in S. bulbocastanum by using a map-based approach in combination with a long-range (LR)-PCR strategy. A cluster of four resistance genes of the CC-NBS-LRR (coiled coil-nucleotide binding site-Leu-rich repeat) class was found within the genetically mapped RB region. Transgenic plants containing a LR-PCR product of one of these four genes displayed broad spectrum late blight resistance. The cloned RB gene provides a new resource for developing late blight-resistant potato varieties. Our results also demonstrate that LR-PCR is a valuable approach to isolate genes that cannot be maintained in the bacterial artificial chromosome system.     

Mechanism of overproduction of plasma prostacyclin in portal hypertensive rats.

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一氧化氮在门高压高动力循环中作用的实验研究

为了探讨一氧化氮(NO)在门高压高血液动力学中的作用，本实验观察NO合成酶抑制剂在有或无NO合成底物L—arginine时对肝内(IHPH)、肝前型门高压(PHPH)鼠和门腔分流(PCS)鼠全身和内脏血液动力学的影响。以正常鼠作为对照组。每一组实验动物再分成3个亚组：L-NMMA组、L—NMMA L—arginine组以及生理盐水对照组；血液动力学研究用放射性微球注射技术。结果显示，IHPH、PHPH和PCS鼠均具有心输出量和内脏血流量增加，平均动脉压、总周围血管阻力和内脏血管阻力降低等高血液动力学特征。LNMMA能逆转门高压鼠和门腔分流鼠的高血液动力学状态，使之恢复至正常鼠的基础水平，但并未达到正常鼠用L—NMMA后的水平，提示门高压和门腔分流鼠中NO产生过多。如先给予L—arginine，则使L-NMMA对门高压鼠和门腔分流鼠的心血管作用消失，进一步证明NO是门高压高动力循环的重要介质，但并不是唯一的。     

手术后黄疸35例分析

手术后黄疸多半由肝细胞损伤等内科疾病引起,但还有少数系胆道损伤等外科疾病所致。有时二者表现极为相似,鉴别比较困难。本文结合有关文献对我院最近5年间发生的35例作一分析。一、手术后黄疸的发生率与发生因素本病虽非罕见,但至今尚缺乏确切的发生率。文献报道施全身麻醉或大手术后发生率不到1%。本组占同期外科手术的0.66%(35/5264),较之略低。按系统分析,胃肠道手术后发生者最多,肝胆道次之(表1)。若按不同手术分析,则肠梗阻坏死肠段切除后发生率最高,门静脉高压做分流或门奇阻断术后次之,胆囊切除及胃切除术后发生率亦较其它手术为高。     

MESOCAVAL SHUNT IN TREATMENT OF REBLEEDING AFTER SPLENECTOMY FOR PORTAL HYPERTENSION

We performed end-to-side mesocaval shunt for 20 portal hypertensive patients with rebleed- ing after splenectomy. The bleeding was imme- diately controlled in 7 treated by emergency mesocaval shunt. There was no o.perative death, and none of the patients developed encephalo- pathy. Follow-up from 4 months t0 7 years re- vealed that 3 deaths were due to acute massive hemorrhage, hepatic failure and carcinoma of the stomach respectively. Two patients with re- bleeding treated by partial esophagogastrectomy are living and well. The conditions of the other 15 patients are fairly good too. Our experience shows that mesocaval shunt is effective in the treatment of rebleeding in portal hypertensive patients after splenectomy. But to further study the hemodynamic changes and long-term re- suIts, more TPatients and longer period of fol- low-up are required.     

家族性结肠癌二例报道

我院自1960年4月至1980年6月的20余年内,共诊治结肠癌219例(内结肠肝曲癌33例),其中有2例自幼分居两地的同胞兄弟,在同一年内相继发生结肠肝曲癌肿,均局部浸润十二指肠,病理切片报告亦相似。兹追朔其家族谱,对有关遗传因素作一粗浅探讨。     

慢性胰腺炎伴胰管多发性结石的治疗体会

随着ERCP及CT等新的诊断技术的广泛开展,由慢性胰腺炎伴胰腺管结石导致上腹部疼痛病例的发现率将会增多。本文介绍2例的诊治经过,讨论有关手术方法及其技术细节。例1.女,40岁。上腹部间歇性发作剧痛6个月,疼痛每于夜间发作,常向左肩放射,与摄食无关,不伴发热,黄疸及腹泻。糖尿病病史已20年,8年前因胆囊结石行胆囊切除。病者在行胃肠钡剂检查时,发现脊柱两侧相当于胰腺部位具有多个钙化阴影。CT检查胰腺囊肿、钙化及肾囊肿。ERCP检查: