Efficiency of sex pre-selection of spermatozoa by albumin separation method evaluated by double-labelled fluorescence in-situ hybridization

To evaluate the separation efficiency of Ericsson's two- and three- layer albumin separation methods, semen samples from 21 healthy males were studied. Seven patients already had two or more sons, another seven had two or more daughters and the other seven had primary infertility due to female factors. The semen samples were divided into three aliquots: one remained unprocessed initially, the other two aliquots went through two- and three-layer albumin separation methods respectively. All samples were then stained with X-Y double staining probes. In each group, four or five samples were processed at room temperature, and two or three at body temperature (37 degrees C). The labelling efficiency of X-Y double staining probe was over 99%. The X:Y sperm ratios were even in the original samples. The ratios of the X and Y spermatozoa were altered slightly but significantly after the two- layer (P < or = 0.05) or the three-layer (P < or = 0.005) separation. The alterations occurred only at room temperature. The X spermatozoa increased and the Y spermatozoa decreased, both to a small degree of difference (1.4-3.5%). Double fluorescence in-situ hybridization analysis therefore showed that albumin separation methods do not enrich Y spermatozoa.      

Relationship between image quality and ultrasound exposure level in diagnostic US devices

Ultrasonographic B-mode images were obtained at various exposure levels with three real-time diagnostic scanners. Adult human and tissue-equivalent phantom images were compared in terms of diagnostic content and depth of penetration. For the exposure level settings used, spatial-peak pulse-average intensities ranged from approximately 10 to 500 W/cm2. At the 3.50-3.75-MHz nominal frequencies used in the study, images of the human abdomen showed little discernible change in quality with varying exposure levels. However, phantom tests confirmed that depth of penetration is a function of exposure level. The results suggest that a judicious use of exposure level and receiver gain controls can be a practical means for minimizing patient exposure to ultrasound without sacrifice of diagnostic effectiveness.     

太白木忽木根皮中三萜皂甙成分研究

从太白木忽木(Aralia taibaiensis Z.Z.WangetH.C.Zheng)根皮中首次分离到四个三萜皂甙,根据理化性质和光谱数据,分别鉴定为齐墩果酸-3-O-[β-D-吡喃木糖(1→2)][β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(1→3)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖醛酸甙(1),tarasaponinV(2),3-O-｛β-D-吡喃木糖(1→2)[β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(1→3)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖醛酸乙酯｝-齐墩果酸-28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙(3)和3-O-｛β-D-吡喃木糖(1→2)[β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(1→3)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖醛酸丁酯｝-齐墩果酸-28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙(4)。1为新天然产物,3和4为新化合物,分别命名为太白木忽木皂甙VI(taibaienosideVI)、太白木忽木皂甙VII(taibaienoside VII)和太白木忽木皂甙VII(taibaienoside VII)。     

Medial Smooth Muscle Thickness in Small Pulmonary Arteries in Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Revisited

Increased relative medial thickness (RMT) of smooth muscle in small pulmonary arteries, peripheral extension of smooth muscle into the alveolar wall arteries, and right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH), in response to purported prolonged hypoxia, have been reported in sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Prone sleep position, an important risk factor for SIDS, predisposes infants to hypoxia from airway obstruction or rebreathing. Since publication of the earlier pulmonary artery studies, the SIDS definition has been expanded, and sudden infant death investigational protocols have been implemented. Our aims in this study were to (1) compare RMT in preacinar arteries (PA), intra-acinar arteries accompanying small airways (SIA), and alveolar wall arteries (AW) in SIDS infants and controls; (2) correlate RMT with postmortem variables; (3) determine if peripheral extension occurred more often in SIDS infants than in controls; and (4) determine if RVH occurred in SIDS. Movat-stained sections from standardized tissue blocks taken prospectively from the apex of the right upper lobe from 88 SIDS cases and 17 controls were evaluated using a computer-assisted digitizing system with images obtained from a microscope with an attached video camera. When adjusted for age, the RMT values for the SIA arteries were significantly greater in controls, while the PA and AW arteries were not statistically different between the SIDS cases and controls. Peripheral medial smooth muscle extension did not differ between the groups, and RVH was not seen in SIDS cases. Given the recent identification of brain stem abnormalities interfering with protective cardiorespiratory responses against acute life-threatening hypoxia perhaps precipitated by prone sleeping, our data suggest that SIDS is an acute event not preceded by recurrent or prolonged apnea and hypoxia.     

Turner's Syndrome and vein of Galen aneurysm —A previously unreported association

Summary Vein of Galen aneurysm (VGA) is an uncommon cerebral arteriovenous malformation which has not previously been reported in Turner's Syndrome. We report a case and present neuropathologic and radiographic results. There are few prior reports of neuropathologic examination in Turner's Syndrome.     

手部重度热压伤的皮瓣移植修复22例

目的:重度热压伤者深层组织暴露,断层或全厚皮片移植不能覆盖神经、肌腱、皮质骨,临床常采用早期皮瓣移植修复,本组观察22例手部重度热压伤患者的治疗效果,进行了重复性的经验验证。方法:选择2001-01/2006-06解放军第八五医院烧伤整形外科收治的皮瓣移植修复治疗手部重度热压伤患者22例,对治疗方案均知情同意。其中选择手部局部皮瓣4例,上臂管型皮瓣3例,腹部随意带蒂皮瓣10例,腹部轴型皮瓣5例。术后进行康复治疗,定期随访,根据伤情和手功能恢复情况评估疗效。结果:①术后各种皮瓣全部成活,随访6￣12个月,皮瓣颜色质地均佳,手外形和功能恢复满意。②22例患者治疗效果优、良、差者分别为10,7,5例。③伤后急诊手术及1周内手术者17例,愈合优良率为82%;2周内手术者5例,愈合优良率为60%。结论:根据不同的热压伤创面选用相应的皮瓣进行早期移植修复,术后同时进行康复治疗,可最大限度地恢复手的外形和功能。     

脐血间充质干细胞分离培养的理论研究与应用

目的:间充质干细胞具有多向分化潜能,在一定的实验条件控制下可分化为骨、软骨、肌肉、神经、肝和内皮等多种细胞,本文在于进一步综合分析脐血间充质干细胞的优化分离培养条件。资料来源:应用计算机检索Medline、PubMed数据库1980-01/2006-12期间有关脐血间充质干细胞分离培养的文献,检索词“mesenchymal stem cells,human umbilical cord blood(HUCB),isolation,culture”,并限定文章语言种类为English。同时计算机检索CNKI,万方数据库1990-01/2006-12期间相关文献,限定文章语言种类为中文,检索词“间充质干细胞,脐血,分离,培养”。并手工查阅相关书籍。资料选择:检索有关脐血间充质干细胞分离培养的综述和实验论据,参考综合各文献中脐血间充质干细胞培养的方法条件,选择比较典型和比较新颖的文献进行综合。资料提炼:共检索到79篇有关脐血间充质干细胞分离纯化、培养扩增的文献,纳入30篇。资料综合:国内外有大量的实验证实,间充质干细胞具有肯定的支持造血功能,而且在一定实验条件控制下可分化为骨、软骨、脂肪、肌腱、肌肉、神经、基质、肝、内皮等多种细胞。脐血来源间充质干细胞具有低免疫原性等很多优点已成为干细胞研究领域的热点,目前分离培养间充质干细胞的方法多样,日趋成熟,但仍存在许多不足,需进一步探索间充质干细胞的分离纯化技术。结论:目前已经建立了多种脐血间充质干细胞分离纯化培养扩增的方法,为其在细胞工程和组织工程的应用提供了基础。