Temperature and Daily Mortality in Shanghai： A Time-series Study

Objective To investigate the association between temperature and daily mortality in Shanghai from June 1, 2000 to December 31,2001. Methods Time-series approach was used to estimate the effect of temperature on daily total and cause-specific mortality. We fitted generalized additive Poisson regression using non-parametric smooth functions to control for long-term time trend, season and other variables. We also controlled for day of the week. Results A gently sloping V-like relationship between total mortality and temperature was found, with an optimum temperature (e.g.temperature with lowest mortality risk) value of 26.7℃ in Shanghai. For temperatures above the optimum value, total mortality increased by 0.73% for each degree Celsius increase; while for temperature below the optimum value, total mortality decreased by 1.21% for each degree Celsius increase. Conclusions Our findings indicate that temperature has an effect on daily mortality in Shanghai, and the time-series approach is a useful tool for studying the temperature-mortality association.     

2008年海南省霍乱暴发分离株的分析

目的 分析海南省2008年霍乱暴发菌株的分子分型成簇性,为疫情分析提供分离株的病原学特征,协助疫情判断.方法 从本次霍乱疫情患者中分离69株,外环境分离7株[其中患者家厕所1株,水样1株,患者家附近鱼(池)塘3株,患者上卫生所就诊时呕吐地面的涂抹拭子1株和海南大学食堂菜刀涂抹拭子1株]共76株,对分离株进行常规病原学检测,利用脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)技术获取受试菌株的DNA分子指纹图谱并对其结果进行聚类分析,将PFGE图像应用BioNumerics(Version4.0)数据库软件(Applied Maths BVBA,Belium)进行处理,识别图像条带,自动生成得出相似系数.结果 2008年海南省暴发霍乱疫情中分离的76株霍乱菌株中,6月份分离到的5株分离菌株图谱相同,相似系数达100%;10-11月份自患者和环境水体中分离到的70株菌图谱完全一致,相似系数达100%,但与6月份分离株的图谱不同;1株在暴发中分离自食堂菜刀的菌株,其图谱与其他菌株差异较大,相似系数为79.7%.结论 海南2008年存在不同的霍乱暴发,10-11月出现在不同市县的疫情可能属于一起较大范围的流行,环境水体污染是传播的不可忽视的环节.     

Neurotoxicity due to dimethylamine borane poisoning via skin absorption: a case report

<正>Dear editor,Dimethylamine borane (DMAB,CAS no.74-94-2),also called boron-dimethylamine complex,is a white crystalline solid.It has an amine odour under mild conditions.^[1]As an excellent reducing agent,DMAB is widely used in the semiconductor industry,pharmaceutical manufacturing,^[2]oligomer and polymer production,and hydrogen storage.^[3]Acute DMAB exposure may cause eye or respiratory irritation,     

Factors associated with incomplete colonoscopy at a Japanese academic hospital

AIM:To evaluate significant risk factors for incomplete colonoscopy at a Japanese academic hospital.METHODS:A total of 11812 consecutive Japanese people were identified who underwent a colonoscopy at an academic hospital.A multiple logistic regression model was used to evaluate retrospectively the significant risk factors for incomplete colonoscopy.RESULTS:The cecal intubation rate was 95.0%.By univariate analysis,age,female sex,poor bowel cleansing,and a history of abdominal or pelvic surgery were significant risk factors for incomplete colonoscopy(P<0.001).Moreover,age-and sex-adjusted analysis showed that significant risk factors for incomplete colonoscopy were female sex(OR=1.38,95%CI:1.17-1.64,P=0.0002),age≥60 years old(OR=1.44,95%CI:1.22-1.71,P<0.0001),a history of prior abdominal or pelvic surgery(OR=1.55,95%CI:1.28-1.86,P<0.0001),poor bowel cleansing(OR=4.64,95%CI:3.69-5.84,P<0.0001),and inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)(OR=1.48,95%CI:1.13-1.95,P=0.0048).In Japanese men,by age-adjusted analysis,IBD(OR=1.69,95%CI:1.18-2.43,P=0.005)was an independent risk factor for incomplete colonoscopy.CONCLUSION:Several characteristics in the Japanese population were identified that could predict technical difficulty with colonoscopy.     

国际结核病流行出现的严重问题和我们的对策

国际结核病流行出现的严重问题和我们的对策张立兴，屠德华，阚冠卿人类在向结核病斗争的长期过程中，逐渐积累经验，了解及掌握了一些结核病流行规律，采取相应措施，并取得成效，尤其是现代工业化发达的国家，本世纪来结核病流行情况一直持续好转。但是，约近１０年来，...     

Interimplant papilla preservation in the esthetic zone: a report of six consecutive cases

Simultaneous removal of multiple adjacent teeth in the anterior maxilla often leads to collapse of the labial bony plate as well as flattening of the interproximal bony scallop, resulting in long implant restorations with missing interimplant papillae. An interimplant papilla preservation technique involving alternate immediate implant placement and provisionalization, one following the osseointegration healing period of the other, was introduced. All 14 implants placed in six consecutive patients maintained osseointegration after a mean functioning time of 22.6 months (range 12 to 34 months). A highly satisfactory esthetic outcome and a papilla index score of 3 was observed in all patients.     

Correlation of tensile strength with bursting pressure in the evaluation of intestinal anastomosis

BACKGROUND: Although bursting pressure and tensile strength have long been measured to evaluate anastomotic techniques, it has yet to be clarified whether or not they are correlated, what implications they have, and which should be used as a gold standard. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Using an experimental model to estimate pressure and tension in the same colonic anastomosis, the following variables were measured in 48 rats between days 0 and 14: bursting pressure (BP); minimal tensile strength (MITS) necessary to break a part of the anastomosis, and maximal tensile strength (MATS) needed to disrupt the whole anastomosis. Also, circulatory wall tension (CWT) was derived from BP and the anastomotic circumference (AC), and longitudinal wall tension (LWT) from MITS and AC. These variables were compared using correlation and regression analysis. RESULTS: During the lag phase (days < or = 4) there was poor correlation between pressure-related and tension-related variables whereas highly significant correlations were noted in the subsequent fibroplastic phase (day > or = 5). It was shown by regression lines that positive MITS and MATS were expected when BP was zero. CONCLUSION: Contrary to the previous assumption, no correlation was found between BP and tensile strength in the critical postoperative period. Based on our present and previous studies, measurement of MITS is recommended to evaluate the healing of colonic anastomosis.     

Bone morphogenetic protein regulation of enteric neuronal phenotypic diversity: relationship to timing of cell cycle exit

The effects of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling on enteric neuron development were examined in transgenic mice overexpressing either the BMP inhibitor, noggin, or BMP4 under control of the neuron specific enolase (NSE) promoter. Noggin antagonism of BMP signaling increased total numbers of enteric neurons and those of subpopulations derived from precursors that exit the cell cycle early in neurogenesis (serotonin, calretinin, calbindin). In contrast, noggin overexpression decreased numbers of neurons derived from precursors that exit the cell cycle late (gamma-aminobutyric acid, tyrosine hydroxylase [TH], dopamine transporter, calcitonin gene-related peptide, TrkC). The numbers of TH- and TrkC-expressing neurons were increased by overexpression of BMP4. These observations are consistent with the idea that phenotypic expression in the enteric nervous system (ENS) is determined, in part, by the number of proliferative divisions neuronal precursors undergo before their terminal mitosis. BMP signaling may thus regulate enteric neuronal phenotypic diversity by promoting the exit of precursors from the cell cycle. BMP2 increased the numbers of TH- and TrkC-expressing neurons developing in vitro from immunoselected enteric crest-derived precursors; BMP signaling may thus also specify or promote the development of dopaminergic TrkC/NT-3-dependent neurons. The developmental defects in the ENS of noggin-overexpressing mice caused a relatively mild disturbance of motility (irregular rapid transit and increased stool frequency, weight, and water content). Although the function of the gut thus displays a remarkable tolerance for ENS defects, subtle functional abnormalities in motility or secretion may arise when ENS defects short of aganglionosis occur during development.     

扩髓带锁髓内钉治疗下肢长管状骨骨折不愈合

目的探讨扩髓带锁髓内钉治疗下肢长管状骨骨折不愈合的临床疗效。方法采用扩髓带锁髓内钉治疗下肢长管状骨骨折不愈合52例,其中股骨骨折36例,胫骨骨折16例。导致骨折不愈合的主要原因为内固定松动、断裂41例,占78．8％;骨缺损,骨感染、骨折过度牵引等所致11例,占21．2％。按照X线分型标准：肥大型41例,萎缩型11例。本组病例行切开复位,取出原固定物,清除硬化骨、死骨及瘢痕组织,顺行电动或手动扩髓,带锁髓内钉固定,骨折断端间隙及周围植骨。伴膝关节僵硬者,手法和手术相结合松解粘连。根据Judet膝关节活动度疗效评价标准对术后疗效进行评价。结果3例发生浅表感染,其中2例伤口延迟愈合,1例行清创、延期缝合后愈合外,其余49例切口一期愈合。随访时间12—39个月,平均25个月。所有病例均获骨性愈合,愈合时间5—11个月,平均6个月。无深部感染、脂肪栓塞、内固定物松动、断钉、骨折再不愈合等并发症。Judet膝关节活动度疗效评价标准,优良率82．7％。结论扩髓带锁髓内钉治疗下肢长管状骨骨折不愈合是一种有效方法。     

在全国肺结核中心登记学术会议上的发言

中国防痨协会于1987年5月27～30日在江西省南昌市召开全国肺结核中心登记学术会议,来自全国大部分省、市、自治区防痨界代表以及江西省列席代表共65人出席会议。会议共交流学术论文14篇,与会代表还就中心登记工作性质、任务、工作方法等进行了讨论。中国防痨协会副秘书长、北京市结核病研究所副所长黄汀涛在会上做了专题发言,中国防痨协会副理事长兼秘书长阚冠卿也做了发言。