接触性热痛诱发电位检测方法的建立

目的 建立接触性热痛诱发电位(CHEP)的检测方法,估测介导此诱发电位的外周神经传导速度.方法 受试者取卧位,应用CHEP刺激器,于两个强度水平(49.5℃和54.5℃)应用可调节脉冲,刺激部位为鱼际肌、手背、前臂的掌侧面.受试者在每次刺激后,按照视觉模拟评分标准对刺激强度分级.以Keypoint仪器记录,记录点为Cz和Pz.测定刺激强度和疼痛分级的关系、诱发电位的主要成分及外周神经传导速度.结果 刺激强度和疼痛分级的关系为:49.5℃和54.5℃刺激鱼际肌皮肤,疼痛分级分别为(3.2±0.3)、(4.4±0.5)级;54.5℃刺激手背和前臂掌侧面皮肤,疼痛分级分别为(6.3±0.8)、(7.2±0.5)级.于记录点记录到3个主要成分:Cz/N550、Cz/P750和Pz/P1000.介导此诱发电位的外周神经传导速度分别为(12.9±7.5)、(1.7±0.4)m/s,分别与Aδ纤维和C纤维的传导速度相对应.结论 CHEP能较为稳定、可靠地引出,介导此诱发电位的外周神经为Aδ纤维和C纤维.     

Subcutaneously administered recombinant human β-interferon in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus infection

Background: Treatment of chronic replicative hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is aimed at stopping viral replication and preventing the development of chronic liver disease. β-Interferon treatment has been less well studied than α-interferon. Methods: The efficacy and tolerability of a 6-month course of subcutaneously administered human recombinant β-interferon (rINF-β_ser) was studied and the results of a low-dose regime compared with a high-dose regime. Twenty patients (17 men and three women), aged 24–54 years, with chronic hepatitis B virus infection (all hepatitis B surface antigen-positive with detectable HBV-DNA in their sera for at least 3 months prior to therapy) were randomized into two treatment groups of 10 patients each. The low-dose group received 6×10⁶ U/dose and the high-dose group received 30×10⁶ U/dose, both groups receiving their respective doses three times a week initially for 1 month and continuing for a total of 6 months. Results: The treatment was well tolerated in both groups. None of the patients required dosage reduction or cessation of treatment because of side-effects. HBV-DNA decreased in all patients during treatment, demonstrating the anti-viral efficacy of rINF-β_ser, and was undetectable in 20 and 40% of patients receiving low-dose and high-dose regimes, respectively, at the end of 6 months treatment (P=N.S.). One year after completion of treatment, HBV-DNA was undetectable in 50 and 30% of patients in the low-dose and high-dose groups, respectively (P=N.S.). However, only one patient achieved seroconversion with loss of the hepatitis B surface antigen and appearance of an anti-hepatitis B ‘e’ antigen at the end of 18 months. Conclusion: This study shows that subcutaneously administered rINF-β_ser is well tolerated, but the optimal dose and duration of treatment still needs to be defined by further studies.     

巨噬细胞功能M1/M2极性化在心血管疾病中的研究进展

巨噬细胞是先天免疫系统的主要细胞,具有可塑性和异质性,在机体的免疫应答、组织稳态、重塑等多方面发挥重要功能。根据功能极性可分为M1(促炎)和M2(抗炎)2个亚型。M1/M2巨噬细胞在响应局部微环境的刺激反应过程中,通过改变其功能极化,获得特定的功能表型并分泌不同的细胞因子。巨噬细胞通过改变代谢重编程以适应其功能变化。M2巨噬细胞以氧化磷酸化和脂肪酸为能量代谢的主要方式,而M1巨噬细胞为无氧糖酵解。目前研究发现在心血管疾病中,巨噬细胞可能通过其功能极性变化引起巨噬细胞激活、组织浸润、释放促炎性细胞因子而参与心血管疾病的发生。本文对巨噬细胞功能极化、代谢重编程在心血管疾病中的作用进行综述。     

应用微阵列初步分析髓母细胞瘤的基因表达谱

目的　应用微阵列技术研究髓母细胞瘤的分子发病机理。方法　收集新鲜髓母细胞瘤 4例及正常脑组织 1份的组织标本 ,提取总 RNA,逆转录成 32 P标记的 c DNA探针 ,与 Atlas人肿瘤芯片杂交 ,通过放射自显影获得基因谱 ,应用 Atlas Image TM1.0 1a分析。结果　与正常脑组织相比 ,髓母细胞瘤下调基因 6个 ,上调基因 35个 ;逆转录 -聚合酶链反应技术验证结果与芯片检测结果相符。除少数基因外 ,大部分基因的表达趋势与肿瘤生物学特性相符。结论　髓母细胞瘤是与星形细胞起源胶质瘤具有不同分子发病机理的多基因病变 ,不同基因之间可能存在复杂的相互作用和联系 ,值得进一步研究。     

借助移相法采用多部CCD数码相机提高帧率的技术

对于科学研究工作来说，时间分辨率和空间分辨率都是十分重要的，在设计相应的图像处理系统时必须两者兼顾。对于生命科学及工业等领域而言，希望图像处理系统不仅有较高的时间分辨率，还要有较高的空间分辨率。本文提出一种利用多部CCD数码相机、采用移相法获取高分辨牢和高摄录帧率的技术，此技术可应用于普通CCD数码相机组成的复合摄录系统。     

应用多层螺旋CT对耳硬化症的术前评估价值

目的:评估MDCT在术前耳硬化症诊断中的作用。方法:收集经临床证实为耳硬化症、且CT扫描采用螺旋扫描病例共18例,采集的数据传输到4.1工作站,进行多平面重建。结果:18例共36耳显示异常:单独前庭窗异常18耳,表现为前庭窗扩大或狭小,周围骨质密度降低或镫骨底板板密度增高;前庭窗及蜗窗同时受累共8耳;主要累及耳蜗周围迷路骨质10耳,表现为耳蜗骨迷路边缘不整,呈条片状密度减低或双环征。MPR交互重建充分显示了所有重要解剖结构的位置、形态:其中3耳为颈静脉球高位。结论:MDCT可以正确显示耳硬化症病灶的细微改变,提供详细的术前诊断信息;结合MPR技术可全面观察病变范围,并充分显示颞骨内重要解剖结构的位置和形态。对于手术方案的设计、防止手术并发症和提高疗效等具有重要意义。     

BDNF increases release probability and the size of a rapidly recycling vesicle pool within rat hippocampal excitatory synapses

Exerting its actions pre-, post- and peri-synaptically, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is one of the most potent modulators of hippocampal synaptic function. Here, we examined the effects of BDNF on a rapidly recycling pool (RRP) of vesicles within excitatory synapses. First, we estimated vesicular release in hippocampal cultures by performing FM4-64 imaging in terminals impinging on enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP)-labelled dendritic spines – a hallmark of excitatory synapses. Consistent with a modulation of the RRP, BDNF increased the evoked destaining rate of FM4-64 only during the initial phase of field stimulation. Multiphoton microscopy in acute hippocampal slices confirmed these observations by selectively imaging the RRP, which was loaded with FM1-43 by hyperosmotic shock. Slices exposed to BDNF showed an increase in the evoked and spontaneous rates of FM1-43 destaining from terminals in CA1 stratum radiatum, mostly representing excitatory terminals of Schaffer collaterals. Variance-mean analysis of evoked EPSCs in CA1 pyramidal neurons further confirmed that release probability is increased in BDNF-treated slices, without changes in the number of independent release sites or average postsynaptic quantal amplitude. Because BDNF was absent during dye loading, imaging, destaining and whole-cell recordings, these results demonstrate that BDNF induces a long-lasting enhancement in the probability of transmitter release at hippocampal excitatory synapses by modulating the RRP. Since the endogenous BDNF scavenger TrkB-IgG prevented the enhancement of FM1-43 destaining rate caused by induction of long-term potentiation in acute hippocampal slices, the modulation of a rapidly recycling vesicle pool may underlie the role of BDNF in hippocampal long-term synaptic plasticity.     

星形胶质细胞-神经元偶联失衡在AD发生进展中的作用及益肾填髓中药的干预机制

星形胶质细胞是中枢神经系统(CNS)重要的神经细胞类型,主要发挥营养与支持作用。星形胶质细胞与神经元之间存在密切的能量与物质偶联关系,能量偶联与物质偶联两者紧密关联、交互为用。近年来大量研究显示,星形胶质细胞-神经元偶联失衡在阿尔茨海默病(AD)的发生与进展中发挥核心作用,星形胶质细胞-神经元偶联网络失衡已成为AD干预的重要靶标并受到日益关注。中医学认为,AD的主要病机是肾虚髓亏,临床常用益肾填髓中药方剂治疗AD取得较好效果。研究发现大量益肾填髓方剂对星形胶质细胞-神经元偶联失衡具有调节和保护作用,中药方剂治疗AD的益肾填髓功效可能与其调节星形胶质细胞-神经元偶联失衡有一定的内在联系。该文就星形胶质细胞-神经元偶联失衡与AD肾虚髓亏病机之间可能内在联系及益肾填精中药干预机制的研究进展做一综述。     

“肾虚络瘀，肾络癥瘕”病机观与肾间质纤维化中自噬不足的相关性

肾间质纤维化（RIF）是由多种病因导致慢性肾脏疾病的主要病理特征,结合中医“络病学说”“癥瘕理论”与现代医学肾脏病理特征,“肾虚络瘀,肾络癥瘕”是RIF的主要病机,正气亏虚,累及肾气,肾虚气化不利,痰热瘀毒等实邪阻滞肾络,相互胶结,形成癥瘕,积聚于肾络导致了RIF。自噬是细胞体内将受损或衰老的细胞器、变性的蛋白质等代谢产物进行降解与重吸收的过程,自噬参与了RIF发生的诸多环节,与RIF发生发展关系密切,将自噬与中医学结合研究发现,机体内生痰热瘀毒等实邪的代谢与自噬降解和重吸收功能相关,自噬在一定程度上是消除痰热瘀毒等实邪的方式,正气不足,累及肾气,肾虚气化不利,自噬功能不足,会引起痰热瘀毒等实邪累积,瘀阻肾络则易形成肾络癥瘕造成RIF,肾虚络瘀是自噬不足的基础,肾络癥瘕是自噬不足的微观病理表现,自噬不足与肾络癥瘕形成具有相同的病机演变,该文就RIF“肾虚络瘀,肾络癥瘕”病机,结合RIF-自噬病理机制,深入探讨“肾虚络瘀-自噬不足-肾络癥瘕”在RIF的相关性,全面诠释“肾虚络瘀,肾络癥瘕”病机的科学内涵,以期从中医理论阐述自噬在RIF中的作用研究奠定基础,为RIF的治疗及其机制研究提供新...     

西藏民族大学新生血尿酸水平及高尿酸血症相关因素分析

目的了解西藏民族大学入学新生的血尿酸(SUA)水平和高尿酸血症(HUA)的影响因素。方法于2018-09对西藏民族大学2018级1996名16~24岁汉、藏族新生进行体格检查及SUA等血液生化指标检测。结果2018年入学新生中,汉族学生HUA检出率为20.34%,藏族学生为16.76%,汉族HUA检出率高于藏族(P<0.05);汉、藏族SUA水平及两民族女性SUA水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但汉族男性SUA水平(393.09±81.94)μmol/L高于藏族男性的(380.88±71.31)μmol/L(P<0.05)。HUA组中汉族学生超重肥胖、HBP检出率高于藏族,藏族学生高血红蛋白检出率高于汉族(P<0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析显示汉族学生HUA发生的危险因素有男性(OR=2.036,95%CI:1.420~2.918)、超重肥胖(OR=2.784,95%CI:1.840~4.212)、高血脂(OR=2.721,95%CI:1.552~4.770)、肝功能异常(OR=1.924,95%CI:1.075~3.441)及高血压(OR=2.184,95%CI:1.115~4.277),均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。藏族学生HUA发生的危险因素有男性(OR=3.168,95%CI:2.225~4.510)、超重肥胖(OR=2.846,95%CI:1.739~4.656)、高血脂(OR=2.240,95%CI:1.157~4.339)、肝功能异常(OR=1.887,95%CI:1.125~3.165)、肾功能异常(OR=3.201,95%CI:1.162~8.822)及高血红蛋白(OR=2.814,95%CI:1.428~5.544),均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论汉族学生HUA检出率明显高于藏族学生,HUA与性别、BMI、血压、血脂、血糖、血红蛋白及肝、肾功能异常密切相关,汉、藏族分别有其突出的危险因素。