Effects of thiamine deficiency on hepatic cytochromes P450 and drug-metabolizing enzyme activities

To elucidate the mechanisms by which thiamine deficiency affects hepatic microsomal monooxygenase activities, the effect of thiamine deficiency on two constitutive cytochrome P450 isozymes, P450IIE1 and P450IIC11, was investigated, using weanling male Sprague-Dawley rats. The clinical signs of thiamine deficiency were apparent after feeding a thiamine-deficient diet for 3 weeks. Thiamine deficiency caused an increase in P450IIE1, which was determined by N-nitrosodimethylamine demethylase assay and immunoquantitation of P450IIE1. This increase in the P450IIE1 level was mainly attributed to thiamine deficiency per se but not to dietary restriction. Ketone bodies were not elevated in thiamine-deficient rats, whereas ketone bodies were elevated and may have served as inducing factors in calorically restricted pair-fed animals. Injections of pyruvate or pyrithiamine in addition to thiamine deficiency did not potentiate the induction effect. On the other hand, thiamine deficiency did not affect the level of P450IIC11 during the 3 weeks of feeding the thiamine-deficient diet. In addition, thiamine deficiency increased cytosolic glutathione S-transferase activity but not steroid isomerase activity. The present study demonstrates the specificity of thiamine deficiency per se in the induction of P450IIE1 which does not involve an increase in the ketone body level.     

寰枢椎椎弓根钉固定治疗伸直型齿状突骨折合并寰枢关节半脱位

Objective To explore the clinical outcome of atlantoaxial pedicle screw instrument in treatment of extension-type odontoid fracture combined with aflantoaxial subluxation. Methods From December 2002 to December 2006, seven patients with extension-type odontoid fracture combined with at-lantoaxial subluxation were reduced and fixed with atlantoaxial pedicle screw instrument of Vertex system under general anesthesia. There were five males and two females, at mean age of 39.2 years (range 21-59 years). All odontoid fractures were fresh type Aderson Ⅱ. JOA scores of spinal core function was 8.6-14.9 (average 10.7) preoperatively. The X-ray examination, CT scanning and skull traction were performed in all patients preoperatively. Results There found no severe complications such as injuries of vertebral artery, nerve root and spinal cord postoperatively. All patients obtained complete reduction and healing of the fracture and dislocation. The mean off-bed time was four days (3-6 days) after opera-tion. A follow-up for 12-36 months (average 22 months) in all patients showed that the clinical symptom was improved significantly six months postoperatively and that all screws were in proper position verified by X-ray and CT scanning. All patients obtained solid bony union on radiographs, with no loosing or breakage of instrument. The postoperative JOA scores was 13.5-16.9 (average 15.8). Conclusions Allantoaxial pedicle screw fixation has advantages of intraoperative reduction, reliable fixation and high fusion rate and can be used as an effective method for extension-type odontoid fracture combined with at-lantoaxial subluxation.     

新生儿颅内出血的CT诊断（附80例报告）

目的：探讨新生儿颅内出血的CT表现。方法；对1998年5月至2003年5月因难产、窒息、早产的新生儿进行头颅CT检查。结果；蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)62例；脑实质出血(ICH)5例；硬膜下出血(SDH)15例；脑室内出血5例；混合型出血12例。结论：新生儿颅内出血的CT表现具有一定的特征性；CT对颅内出血的诊断具有重要价值。     

膀胱癌组织P-gp,GST-π和TOPO-Ⅱ表达评估灌注化疗

目的：探讨膀胱癌的多药耐药性(MDR)，指导灌注化疗用药。方法：采用免疫组化法检测44例膀胱癌病理标本中P-糖蛋白(P-gp)、谷胱肽S转移酶(GST-π)和拓扑异构酶(TOPO—Ⅱ)的表达，评估肿瘤耐药谱。结果：①P-gp检测显示，54．5％的病例对阿毒索、丝裂毒索、长春新碱等抗生索类和生物碱类抗癌药高耐药。②GST-π检测显示仅34．1％的病例对顺铂、环磷酰胺等高耐药，而反有56．8％的病例对该类药无耐药或低度耐药。③TOPO-Ⅱ检测显示对阿霉索、柔红毒索、VP16等TOPO-Ⅱ抑制剂类抗癌药，仅13．6％的病例高度耐药，29．5％中度耐药。56．8％低度耐药。结论：检测膀胱癌MDR，了解多药耐药谱，可指导灌注化疗用药。     

多重PCR归化法平行检测HBV和HCV的研究

目的：建立一种多重PCR归化法并应用于对HBV、HCV平行检测。方法：利用PCR反应5′端允许添加非互补序列的原理，运用内外两对引物，经过2轮扩增，使目的产物均带上共有序列，再以共有序列为引物进行扩增，实现多重扩增。比较和筛选四种核酸提取方法。运用正交优化法，优化并确定最佳扩增条件。对28份血标本进行对比试验，并进行质量评价。结果：归化多重PCR方法对于HBV、HCV病毒合并感染患者的诊断敏感性为83.5%，诊断特异性为70.0%，诊断指数为153．3％，诊断效率为72．2％；对HBsAg阳性患者的HBV DNA的诊断敏感性为78．6％，诊断特异性为80．0％，诊断指数为158．6％，诊断效率为79．2％。对抗－HCV阳性患者的HCV RNA的诊断敏感性为75．0％，诊断特异性为90．0％，诊断指数为165．0％，诊断效率为83．3％。结论：多重PCR归化法在多基因扩增或多种病原体的同时平行检测领域具有较大应用潜力。该方法实用、准确、可靠，对HBV HCV的防治具有实际意义。     

肩锁钩板治疗不稳定性锁骨外侧段骨折的临床研究

目的：比较肩锁钩板和传统克氏针内固定治疗不稳定性锁骨外侧段骨折的疗效。方法：54例不稳定性锁骨外侧段骨折的患者接受了手术治疗，内固定分别是锁骨钩板或克氏针，根据国外的锁骨外侧段骨折肩部功能评价标准进行6－12个月的术后随访，随访结果运用统计学方法进行分析处理，结果：克氏针内固定组的手术优良率为77．3％，并发症发生率为27．3％，骨折愈合率为81．8％；锁骨钩板内固定组的手术优良率为100％，并发症发生率为3．1％，骨折愈合率100％。两组数据统计学差异有显著性，结论：在不稳定性锁骨外侧段骨折的手术治疗中，锁骨钩板较传统克氏针内固定有较高的手术优良率和骨折愈合率，且并发症的发生率较低，因此，它是一种疗效满意的内固定方法。     

Combination therapy: lonidamine, hyperthermia, and chemotherapy against the RIF-1 tumor in vivo.

Lonidamine enhances the cytotoxicity in vitro of several conventional antitumor drugs as well as that of hyperthermia (HT). We have investigated the possibility that such enhancement can also be demonstrated in vivo against the RIF-1 tumor system. Two assays were used to examine antitumor activity: tumor growth delay and clonogenicity of cells obtained from tumors from treated animals. We used drug (and HT) doses that by themselves did not achieve significant cell killing. The drugs whose interaction with lonidamine was tested were: cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (CDDP), mitomycin C (MMC), bleomycin, 5-fluorouracil, and nitrosourea. Of these only CDDP and MMC yielded positive data. Both assays gave essentially the same results, showing that antitumor activity reflected direct cell killing. CDDP and MCC activity was also enhanced by HT. When we combined all three modalities, however, the results of the trimodality therapies were no better than that of individual bimodality treatments. These last results suggest that lonidamine and HT have similar mechanisms, most likely inhibition of repair of DNA damage. Our data do suggest that lonidamine may have a role in multidrug therapies that include either CDDP or MMC as a component of the treatments.     

缺失型DMD／BMD患者PCR快速检测的可行性与意义

应用对应于Ｄｙｓｔｒｏｐｈｉｎ基因缺失热区的二对ＰＣＲ引物和一对内对照无关引物，在同一反应体系中扩增，检测６６例ＤＭＤ／ＢＭＤ患者。发现其中２５例存在１７号或４９号外显子缺失，与同时采用ｃＤＮＡ探针杂交检测出的３５例基因缺失相比．检出率达７１．４％。说明该扩增系统能够作为快速筛查缺失型ＤＭＤ／ＢＭＤ患者的有效手段。这对指导合理选用探针，尤其在产前诊断方面，具有重要意义。     

山东产四种菟丝子免疫增强作用的比较研究

目的 比较山东产四种菟丝子对小鼠免疫功能、抗疲劳、耐缺氧等方面的作用。方法 选用昆明种小鼠，用山东产四种菟丝子的水、醇提取物灌胃，观察小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能、免疫器官重量的变化、游泳实验和耐缺氧等指标。结果 山东产四种菟丝子均可增加小鼠吞噬百分率，使幼龄小鼠的胸腺和脾脏增重，并可显著延长小鼠的游泳及缺氧存活时间。其中以菟丝子和南方菟丝子的作用较好，水提取物的作用优于醇提取物。结论 山东产四种菟丝子具有增强机体免疫功能、抗疲劳、耐缺氧作用。菟丝子中的多糖是其提高机体免疫力，增强体质的有效物质之一。     

Clinical report of cervical arthroplasty in management of spondylotic myelopathy in Chinese

Objectives  

To investigate clinical effects and manual operational point of Bryan cervical disc prosthesis in Chinese, to observe the stability and range of movement (ROM) post-operatively.