Point mutation in the parkin gene on patients with Parkinson’s disease

Summary To investigate the distribution of possible novel mutations from parkin gene in variant subset of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) in China and explore whether parkin gene plays an important role in the pathogenesis of PD, 70 patients were divided into early-onset group and late-onset group; 70 healthy subjects were included as controls. Genomic DNA from 70 normal controls and from those of PD patients were extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes by using standard procedures. Mutations of parkin gene (exon 1–12) in all the subjects were screened by PCR-single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP), and further sequencing was performed in the samples with abnormal SSCP results, in order to confirm the mutation and its location. A new missense mutation Gly284Arg in a patient and 3 abnormal bands in SSCP electrophoresis from samples of another 3 patients were found. All the DNA variants were sourced from the samples of the patients with early-onset PD. It was concluded that Parkin point mutation also partially contributes to the development of early-onset Parkinson’s disease in Chinese. WANG Tao, male, born in 1961, Associate Professor This work was supported by grants from the key program of the special scientific project of Scientific & Technologic Agency of Hubei Province (Serial No. 2001AA308B01) and the Hygienic Research Project of Hygienic Agency of Hubei province (Serial No. WJ 01529).     

痛力克对癌症疼痛镇痛效果的临床观察

应用印度ＬＵＰＩＮ公司提供的痛力克（酮酷酸氨丁三醇 ）对中重度癌症疼痛３０例进行镇痛效果的临床观察，有效率９３％，平均显效时间９ｍｉｎ，均数缓解时间５．１ｈ，并用哌替啶做了同期交叉自身镇痛对比研究，结果表明：两药的镇痛效果相似（Ｐ＞０．０５），但痛力克的不良反应发生率明显低于哌替啶。     

Influence of mild hypothermia on vascular endothelial growth factor and infarct volume in brain tissues after cerebral ischemia in rats

BACKGROUND: It has been demonstrated that mild hypothermia has obvious protective effect on both whole and local cerebral ischemia. However, the definite mechanism is still unclear for the brain protection of mild hypothermia on cerebral edema, inhibiting inflammatory reaction, stabilizing blood brain barrier, etc. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of mild hypothermia on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and the infarct volume after cerebral ischemia in rats, and analyze the brain protective mechanism of mild hypothermia. DESIGN: A randomized grouping and controlled animal trial. SETTING: Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Yunyang Medical College. MATERIALS: Twenty adult male SD rats of clean degree, weighing (250±30) g, were provided by the animal experimental center, School of Medicine, Wuhan University. The kits for SP immunohistochemistry were purchased from Beijing Zhongshan Golden Bridge Biotechnology Co., Ltd. METHODS: The experiments were carried out in the laboratory of Department of Neurology, Renmen Hospital of Wuhan University from May to July 2005. ① The 20 rats were divided randomly into normal temperature group (n =10) and mild hypothermia group (n =10). Models of permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion were established with modified nylon suture embolization. The rats were assessed with the Longa standards: 0 point for without nerve dysfunction; 1 for mild neurological deficit (fore claws could no extend completely); 2 for moderate neurological deficit (circling towards the affected side); 3 for severe neurological deficit (tilting towards the affected side); 4 for coma and unconscious; 1-3 points represented that models were successfully established. The rats of the normal temperature group were fed at room temperature, and those in the mild hypothermia group were induced by hypothermia from 2 hours postoperatively, and the rectal temperature was kept at 34-35 ℃ for 72 hours. ② Measurement of infarct volume: All the rats were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection overdose sodium pentobarbital 7 days postoperatively, and then the heads were cut down to harvest brain. The brain tissues were placed into -20 ℃ refrigerator for 20 minutes, coronal sections of 2 mm were prepared. The infarct sites were not stained, whereas normal brain tissues were stained as red. The infarct volumes were calculated by using MPLAS-500 multimedia color pathological image&&word analytical system. ③ Counting positive cells of vascular endothelial growth factor protein: The brains were harvested by cutting heads, then coronal sections of 2 mm were prepared. Routine dehydration, hyalinization, wax immersion and embedding were performed, then the detected with SP immunohistochemistry, the kits were purchased from Beijing Zhongshan Golden Bridge Biotechnology Co., Ltd. The cells whose cytoplasm was yellow-brown were positive ones, a single sample as a unit, peri-ischemic site and ischemic core were selected, and the corresponding sites in controlateral hemisphere were taken as controls. Five visual fields were selected from each site to be observed under microscope, the cells were counted, and the average number of positive cells was calculated in each group. The numbers of positive cells were determined with the image analytical apparatus. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Number of the positive cells of vascular endothelial growth factor protein; Infarct volume of rat brain tissue. RESULTS: All the 20 rats were involved in the analysis of results. ① Number of positive cells of vascular endothelial growth factor protein in brain tissue: It was obviously lower in the mild hypothermia group than in the normal temperature group [(24.02±5.05), (36.07±2.69) cells/high power visual field, P < 0.01]. ② Comparison of infarct volume of brain tissue: After MCAO, it was obviously smaller in the mild hypothermia group than in the normal temperature group [(153.25±23.14), (253.45±36.21) mm3, P < 0.01]. CONCLUSION: Mild hypothermia can inhibit the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and decrease the volume of cerebral infarction. The inhibition of mild hypothermia on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor may be one of the brain protective mechanisms.     

胰腺实性-假乳头状瘤影像与病理诊断分析

目的 探讨胰腺实性-假乳头状瘤的影像及病理学的诊断要点。资料与方法 回顾分析11例经手术切除、病理学和免疫组织化学证实的胰腺实性一假乳头状瘤患者的临床资料，以比较其影像和病理学特点。结果 (1)本病多发于30岁以下女性，临床主要表现为腹痛。(2)CT、MRI表现为肿瘤内有实性和囊性结构，可分为3型；特征性表现为“浮云征”。(3)肿瘤大部分位于胰腺，多有完整包膜，不伴有胆总管扩张。(4)病理学特点为肿瘤实性部分由实性区、假乳头区及两者过渡区以不同比例混合而成。囊性区由坏死、液化、陈旧性出血组成。(5)肿瘤的囊实性结构是形成“浮云征”的病理基础。结论 胰腺实性-假乳头状瘤有相对特征性的影像和病理学表现，术后预后较好。     

人脑胶质瘤中β-catenin的表达与细胞增殖相关性研究

目的:探讨人脑胶质瘤中βcatenin的表达及与细胞增殖的相关性。方法:用免疫组化法观察了47例胶质瘤标本βcatenin、cyclinD1、增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)的表达,并分析其相关性。结果:在胶质瘤中βcatenin、cyclinD1、PCNA均随肿瘤恶性程度增高而增高(P分别为0.017、0.017、0.027),相关分析发现βcatenin、cyclinD1、PCNA的表达两两相关(P<0.001,P<0.001和P=0.005)。结论:βcatenin表达水平的异常与胶质瘤细胞周期调节紊乱、增殖指数上升有关,因此可能是控制肿瘤细胞增殖活性的候选基因之一。     

雷公藤服用者精液中乳酸脱氢酶及其同功酶C_4活性的研究

本文对19例中药雷公藤服用者精子、精浆中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)及同功酶C_4(LDHC_4)的活性进行了测定分析。发现服药后以单位数量精子表示的LDHC_4活性在精子、精浆中均有明显升高(双侧非参数秩和检验,分别为P<0.01和P<0.02);通过酶活性与精子计数的相关分析,显示服药后精浆LDHC_4活性(mU/ml)与精子计数的正相关性(r=0.2279)较服药前(r=0.5505)弱,可能与精液中精子以外的其他LDHC_4来源贡献增大有关,诸如生精细胞的分解增多等。本文认为服药后精子LDHC_4活性上升,精液中非成熟精子比例增高是其原因之一。     

胶体金免疫层析法检测尿hCG的质量控制方法探讨

目的通过对胶体金免疫层析法（GICA）试纸条评价,建立该方法的检测尿hCG的室内质控.方法利用hCG不同浓度的标准品评价试纸条的敏感性、重复性、稳定性、检测范围,检测温度及时间对试纸条检测尿hCG结果的影响等.结果GICA的检测范围25-100万mlU/ml,最低检出限达25mIU/ml,大于200万mIU/ml时存在后带现象.试纸条反应5分钟后呈色均一,最佳检测温度为4-30℃.结论灵敏度检测可作为GICA室内质控的主要指标,它能保证检测结果的准确性.     

高血压病合并脑梗死的动态血压特点

目的 :观察高血压病合并脑梗死患者的动态血压特点。方法 :对 70例高血压病合并脑梗死患者和 1 0 2例单纯高血压病患者进行 2 4h动态血压监测。结果 :84 %高血压病合并脑梗死患者血压昼夜节律消失 ,而单纯高血压病患者 5 8%消失 (P <0 .0 1 ) ;高血压病合并脑梗死组 85 %出现晨峰 ,而单纯高血压病组 5 5 %出现晨峰 (P <0 .0 1 )。结论 :血压的昼夜变化和晨峰与高血压病合并脑梗死密切相关。高血压病合并脑梗死患者晨峰明显增加 ,昼夜节律消失明显     

医科院校师生对考试现状看法的调查与分析

医科院校的考试主要是学科考试。调查显示，教师和学生对目前的学科考试模式评价均不高，存在的最主要弊端是考试方法单一，考试管理不够科学、严谨，考风不好；认为作弊的主要原因在于学生自己学习不努力、社会风气影响以及学校对教师和学生要求不够严格。因此，要搞好考试改革，提高考试质量，必须着重从改革考试方法、加强考试管理的改革与研究、整顿考风、制定科学的成绩评定方法、加强能力考核、实施教考分离等方面进行探索与实践。