乙型肝炎病毒DNA与血清免疫标志物的关系分析

目的 探讨乙型肝炎病毒DNA(HBV DNA)与血清免疫标志物的关系.方法 荧光定量聚合酶链反应法 (FQ-PCR) 检测血清样本中HBV DNA含量;酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测HBV血清标志物.结果 A组(HBsAg和HBeAg阳性)、B组(大三阳)、C组(HBsAg 、HBcAb阳性)和D组(小三阳)的HBV DNA阳性率分别为96.7%、87.6%、52.2%和38.2%,各组之间均有显著性差异(P＜0.05); A组中阳性样本的HBV DNA量显著高于其它组别(P＜0.05); 315份HBV DNA阳性标本全部携带有HBsAg;HBsAg( )HBeAg( )和HBsAg( )HBeAg(-)中HBV DNA阳性率分别为89.1%和44.0%,有显著性差异(P＜0.05).结论 HBsAg是HBV感染灵敏的血清标志物;FQ-PCR定量检测HBV DNA作为血清学方法的补充对乙肝的临床诊断具有重要意义.     

Mechanisms involved in the hypotensive effect of a kappa-opioid receptor agonist in hypertensive rats

BACKGROUND: It remains unclear whether the activation of kappa-opioid receptors has strong hypotensive effects under hypertensive condition, and the underlying mechanisms have not yet been investigated. Therefore, the present study is designed to use spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) to investigate the effects of a kappa-opioid receptor agonist on the regulation of urinary formation in hypertensive conditions and to identify its underlying mechanism. METHODS: The hemodynamics, urine flow rate, vasodilatation of isolated renal artery, and plasma hormones were determined by physiological in vivo experimental technique, isolated artery perfusion technique and radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: Intravenous administration of U50, 448H significantly decreased mean arterial blood pressure in both Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats and SHR. However, the blood pressure vasodepressor effect of U50, 448H was much more profound in SHR than in WKY rats. Administration of U50, 448H in SHR not only caused significantly greater effects in increasing urine volume and decreasing plasma anti-diuretic hormone than in WKY rats, but also caused significant reduction in plasma angiotensin. Moreover, vasodilatory effect of U50, 488H was significantly exhibited in the renal artery segments isolated from SHR. All effects described above were abolished by nor-binaltorphimine. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that the depressor effect of U50, 488H in SHR is significantly stronger than that in WKY rats, and the effect is mediated or modulated by a kappa-opioid receptor sensitive mechanism. The sensitized hypotensive effect of U50, 488H in SHR may be attributed, in part, to its vasodilatory effect, enhanced beneficial effect on plasma humoral factors, and stronger diuretic effect in these hypertensive animals.     

Inter-observer agreement in interpreting chest X-rays on children with acute lower respiratory tract infections and concurrent wheezing.

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Many children with acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRI) present to the emergency ward with concurrent wheezing. A chest x-ray is often requested to rule out pneumonia. We assessed inter-observer agreement in interpreting x-rays on such children. DESIGNS AND SETTING: Prospective consecutive case study at Instituto de Salud del Ni?o, Lima, Peru. METHODS: Chest x-rays were obtained from eligible children younger than two years old with ALRI and concurrent wheezing who were seen in the emergency ward of a nationwide pediatric referral hospital. The x-rays were read independently by three different pediatric residents who were aware only that the children had a respiratory infection. All the children had received inhaled beta-adrenergic agonists before undergoing chest x-rays. Lobar and complicated pneumonia cases were excluded from the study. RESULTS: Two hundred x-rays were read. The overall kappa index was 0.2. The highest individual kappa values for specific x-ray findings ranged from 0.26 to 0.34 for rib horizontalization and from 0.14 to 0.31 for alveolar infiltrate. Inter-observer variation was intermediate for alveolar infiltrate (kappa 0.14 to 0.21) and for air bronchogram (kappa 0.13 to 0.23). Reinforcement of the bronchovascular network (kappa 0.10 to 0.16) and air trapping (kappa 0.05 to 0.20) had the lowest agreement. CONCLUSIONS: There was poor inter-observer agreement for chest x-ray interpretation on children with ALRI and concurrent wheezing seen at the emergency ward. This may preclude reliable diagnosing of pneumonia in settings where residents make management decisions regarding sick children. The effects of training on inter-observer variation need further studies.     

Biochemical changes after a qigong program: lipids, serum enzymes, urea, and creatinine in healthy subjects.

BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of a qigong training program on blood biochemical parameters. MATERIAL/METHODS: Twenty-nine healthy subjects participated in the study of whom 16 were randomly assigned to the experimental group and 13 to the control. The experimental subjects underwent daily qigong training for one month. Blood samples for the quantification of biochemical parameters (total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, phospholipids, GOT, GPT, GGT, urea, creatinine) were taken before and after the training program. As statistical analysis, ANCOVA was performed. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences were found showing that the experimental group had lower serum levels of GOT (glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase), GPT (glutamic-pyruvic transaminase), and urea and that there was a trend towards significance in GGT (gamma-glutamyltransferase). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that after practicing qigong for the short period of one month, noteworthy changes in several blood biochemical parameters were induced. While it is tempting to speculate on the relevance and implications of these biochemical variations, further investigation is needed to elucidate the scope of these findings.     

浅谈英国高等医学教育对我国高等医学教育改革的启示

对英国高等医学教育中的专科、本科及研究生教育管理体制与运行机制作了一些初步的分析，希望能对我国高等医学教育的改革有一些启迪．     

血栓弹力图联合凝血指标检测在慢性乙型肝炎患者中的应用研究*

目的: 分析慢性乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染后不同临床阶段外周血血栓弹力图(TEG)、常规凝血指标检测的水平,探讨TEG与传统凝血指标检测在评估慢性肝病患者凝血功能方面的意义。方法: 选取2019年9月~2020年2月慢性乙型肝炎患者115例,依照慢性肝病患者不同临床阶段的诊断标准分为四组:慢性乙型肝炎组42例(慢乙肝组),乙肝肝硬化组38例(肝硬化组),HBV相关肝衰竭组35例(肝衰竭组),筛选同期30例献血员为健康对照组;分别抽取研究对象外周血检测血常规、常规凝血全套、TEG参数,并进行比较。结果: (1)四组中慢乙肝组较对照组常规凝血指标及TEG参数的结果差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。(2)肝硬化、肝衰竭组患者外周血浆PT、APTT较对照组及慢乙肝组明显延长,INR值明显升高( P＜0.001),而PTA、FIB、全血中PLT较对照组及慢乙肝组明显降低( P＜0.001)。肝衰竭组与肝硬化患者组相比较外周血浆中的PT、APTT较肝硬化患者延长(P＜0.001)、INR高于肝硬化患者(P＜0.001);肝衰竭患者外周血浆中PTA、FIB、全血中PLT明显低于肝硬化患者(P＜0.001)。(3)肝硬化、肝衰竭组患者外周全血R值、K值较对照组及慢乙肝组明显延长,CI值明显升高(P均＜0.001),而α-角、MA较对照组及慢乙肝组明显减低( P＜0.001)。肝衰竭组与肝硬化组相比较外周全血中的R值、K值较肝硬化患者延长(P＜0.001)、CI值高于肝硬化患者(P＜0.001);肝衰竭患者外周全血中α-角、MA明显低于肝硬化患者(P＜0.001)。(4)R、K、PT、APTT、INR值评估肝衰竭组凝血功能的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.928、0.864、0.805、0.851、0.767(P＜0.05)。R值及K值曲线下面积最大,且敏感度及特异度均高于常规凝血指标(P＜0.05)。结论: TEG是评估慢性肝病患者凝血状态的一种综合、可靠指标,TEG联合检测常规凝血指标,对全面评估慢性肝病患者凝血功能的变化发挥重要作用。     

人IP10启动子红色荧光蛋白报告基因载体的构建及在细胞中的表达

目的:构建IP10启动子驱动的红色荧光蛋白报告基因载体,为研究细胞内IP10的基因表达调控和相关的信号转导机制提供重要工具.方法:采用基因重组技术构建含IP10启动子区的红色荧光蛋白报告基因载体pDsRed1-1-IP10;用脂质体瞬时转染HEK293 细胞,观察IP10启动子对脂多糖(LPS)刺激的反应.结果:酶切和DNA 测序证明所构建的红色荧光蛋白报告基因载体是正确的;该表达载体在HEK293细胞静息状态下表达水平很低,经LPS 刺激后,在荧光显微镜下可看到高亮度的红色荧光.结论:所构建的IP10启动子驱动的红色荧光蛋白报告基因载体是正确的,对生理相关刺激有很好的反应,可有效地用于IP10基因表达信号调控机制的研究.     

c-erbB2 ASODN-Folato(FA)诱导乳腺癌细胞凋亡的体外研究

目的本研究通过癌基因反义寡脱氧核苷酸抑制癌基因表达的原理,研究c-erbB2癌基因反义寡脱氧核苷酸对乳腺癌细胞SK-Br-3凋亡和蛋白表达的影响。方法采用DNA末端原位标记染色和Annexin-V荧光标记法检测ASODN-FA对乳腺癌细胞凋亡的作用,用免疫组化法检测对p185蛋白表达的影响。结果DNA末端原位标记染色实验表明,c-erbB2 ASODN-FA能诱导SK-Br-3细胞晚期凋亡,其凋亡指数AI为(17.37±2.78)%,与对照组[(4.60±1.76)%]比较有显著差异(P=0.000)。Annexin-V检测发现,c-erbB2 ASODN-FA能诱导SK-Br-3细胞早期凋亡,早期凋亡细胞阳性率为(18.62±1.80)%,与对照组[(2.75±1.09)%]比较有显著差异(P=0.000)。免疫组化测定细胞p185表达情况,ASODN-FA组的平均光密度为0.11±0.02,与对照组(0.31±0.06)比较明显降低(P=0.000)。结论c-erbB2反义寡脱氧核苷酸能诱导乳腺癌细胞SK-Br-3的早期和晚期凋亡,使p185蛋白表达降低。     

妊娠合并自发性肝破裂的临床研究(附1例报道)

目的探讨妊娠合并自发性肝脏破裂临床表现的特点,指导临床诊断与治疗。方法报道1例并复习23例文献报告病例,总结其发病时间、临床表现、治疗方法及预后,发现其中的规律。结果总计24例患者,14例合并有子痫或先兆子痫,死亡12例。发病与产次及是否初产妇无明显相关性,临床表现均有上腹疼痛或剑突下疼痛。B超是最好的诊断方法。破裂多见于右肝膈面,止血方法多样,术后有可能出现DIC及多器官功能衰竭。结论妊娠合并自发性肝脏破裂死亡率高,应重视其早期诊断与治疗,并注重术后康复治疗,以提高孕产妇及围产儿存活率。     

肺炎衣原体与急性冠脉综合征关系的临床研究

目的观察急性冠脉综合征患者肺炎衣原体感染情况,研究冠心病炎症与CPn感染的关系。方法99例疑诊"冠心病"收住兰州大学第一医院心内科患者,入院24h内清晨空腹静脉血标本留置,综合相关检查、治疗及病情转归情况确诊分为:ACS组48例(其中UAP组31例,AMI组17例),SAP组17例,非冠心病对照组13例;另门诊健康检查者30例经各相关检查后确定的10例健康者为健康对照组,用微量免疫荧光法测定血清中CPnlgG和lgM抗体滴度。结果各组实验对象CPnlgM抗体均为阴性。各组实验对象CPnlgG滴度值经Spearman等级相关分析(秩相关分析),相关系数无统计学意义(rs=0.175,P=0.102),说明各组lgG滴度与分组无关,分组与CPn慢性感染无关。结论本研究48例ACS,17例SAP均无CPn急性感染。各组CPn慢性感染率均高,本研究为断面研究、非动态研究,所选病人均是已发生ACS者,至于CPn与ACS启动在研究中未涉及。