"卫勤蓝军"组建与效果评价

假想敌部队广泛用于对抗演练中,能够有效提高演练的实战性.但在中外演练中,尚未出现过成建制的卫勤对抗分队.讨论在卫勤演练中组建专门的对抗分队,实现卫勤对抗的可行性,并在系列实践研究中得到初步验证.     

骨钙含量测定在骨质疏松模型研制中的应用

报道了简单而精确的骨钙含量测定方法及在骨质疏松模型动物中的应用，方法的平均回收率为９８．２％，变动系数为３．５％，用本法对４组实验动物骨钙含量进行监测，测得结果提示了骨钙含量的测定对评价骨质疏松动物模型的建立和药物防治效价是一项敏感而实用的指标。     

合作治理视角下的医疗保险反欺诈机制:国际经验与启示

随着我国社会保险事业的快速发展,医疗保险欺诈现象也不断增多,严重威胁到医疗保险基金和医保制度的稳健运行。作为保险欺诈"重灾区"的欧美国家,在反医疗欺诈措施方面积累了不少经验,特别是政府与市场的相互配合,医保反欺诈取得显著成效。文章论述了国外医疗保险反欺诈机制,得出建立医疗保险反欺诈机构、充分发挥非营利组织的补充作用、加强对医疗和医保机构欺诈的制约与监管、利用现代信息技术提高反欺诈水平等启示。     

低水平汞暴露对儿童智力发育影响的前瞻性研究

目的 评估胎儿期低水平汞暴露对学龄儿童智力发育的影响.方法 在2009年6月至2010年6月,对在苏州市吴江区第一人民医院住院的产妇进行健康问卷调查,采集脐血、胎发检测汞暴露水平.在2016年10月至2017年8月,对部分儿童进行随访,填写问卷,检测血汞、尿汞、发汞,并用Wechsler儿童智力量表修订版(WISC-R)对入组儿童进行智力测试.结果 研究期间共完成206例儿童的随访,其中男童102例,女童104例,平均年龄为89.6±3.5月龄.随访儿童的脐血汞几何均数为2.12μg/L,胎发汞为272.73μg/kg,7岁儿童随访时血汞几何均数为1.19μg/L,发汞为339.50μg/kg,尿汞为0.41μg/L.脐血汞水平与胎发汞和血汞水平均呈正相关(r值分别为0.470、0.175),胎发汞水平与血汞水平、尿汞水平及发汞水平均呈正相关(r值分别为0.364、0.248、0.242),血汞水平与尿汞水平、发汞水平均呈正相关(r值分别为0.366、0.536).学龄期血汞水平对男童语言智商及总智商呈负性影响(β值分别为-15.18、-17.66).结论 胎儿期汞暴露处于较低水平,胎儿期汞暴露对儿童智能发育无明显影响,而儿童期汞暴露对男童智能发育可能产生一定的负性影响,而对女童无显著影响.     

Endogenous versus exogenous generic reference pricing for pharmaceuticals

In this paper we carry out a vertical differentiation duopoly model applied to pharmaceutical markets to analyze how endogenous and exogenous generic reference pricing influence competition between generic and branded drugs producers. Unlike the literature, we characterize for the exogenous case the equilibrium prices for all feasible relevant reference prices. Competition is enhanced after the introduction of a reference pricing system. We also compare both reference pricing systems on welfare grounds, assuming two different objective functions for health authorities: (i) standard social welfare and (ii) gross consumer surplus net of total pharmaceutical expenditures. We show that regardless of the objective function, health authorities will never choose endogenous reference pricing. When health authorities are paternalistic, the exogenous reference price that maximizes standard social welfare is such that the price of the generic drug is the reference price while the price of the branded drug is higher than the reference price. When health authorities are not paternalistic, the optimal exogenous reference price is such that the price of the branded drug is the reference price while the price of the generic drug is lower than the reference price.     

叶下珠化学成分及其抗乙肝病毒活性的研究

对大戟科叶下珠属植物叶下珠的干燥全草进行了化学成分及其抗乙肝病毒活性的研究，共分得１１个化合物，其中２个新化合物为去氢诃子次酸甲酯、短叶苏木酚酸甲酯。通过抗病毒、抗乙肝表面抗原及保肝试验，肯定了叶下珠的抗乙肝病毒活性。     

Oxidative stress and antioxidant defenses in two green microalgae exposed to copper

The aim of this work was to assess the effects of 1 week copper exposure (6.2, 108, 210 and 414 μM) on Scenedesmus vacuolatus and Chlorella kessleri. The strains showed different susceptibility to copper. Copper content was determined in both strains by total X-ray reflection fluorescence analysis (TXRF). In S. vacuolatus, the increase of medium copper concentration induced an augmentation of protein and MDA content, and a significant decrease in the chlorophyll a/chlorophyll b ratio. S. vacuolatus showed a significant increase of catalase activity in 210 and 414 μM of copper, and a significant increment of SOD activity and GSH content only in 414 μM of copper. On the contrary, C. kessleri did not show significant differences in these parameters between 6.2 and 108 μM of copper. Increased copper in the environment evokes oxidative stress and an increase in the antioxidant defenses of S. vacuolatus.     

Development of amino acid composition database for Korean foods

To provide true and correct information on diet and health for consumers, a 5-year project for nutrient database was started in 2001. Food list representing usual diet of Koreans was developed using the result of the 2001 National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHNS) and 2002 Seasonal Nutrition Survey. Based on the food intake data obtained from 1-day 24-h recall interviews, a food list of 150 representative food items for chemical analysis was formulated considering the amount and frequency of consumption, dietary pattern differences by sex and age class, and probable high content of protein. Foods were purchased in triplicates considering the area of production or the best-selling brands for processed foods. Then foods were analyzed for amino acids using HPLC. As a result, amino acid composition of 150 food items for 18 kinds was constructed into a database. This database is expected to contribute toward achieving health goals stated in the ‘Health Plan 2010’ by allowing informed-consumers decide and choose foods based on the recent, updated and correct nutrient composition of foods to accommodate their own needs.     

CD4 T lymphocytes mediated protection against invasive pneumococcal infection induced by mucosal immunization with ClpP and CbpA

Intranasal delivery of pneumococcal protein vaccines would be a promising way to prevent invasive pneumococcal infection. Using an invasive infection model by intranasal inoculation of pneumococci, we demonstrated that immunizing mice intranasally with a mixture of ClpP (the caseinolytic protease) and CbpA (Choline binding protein A) elicited better protection than that of immunizing either single ClpP or CbpA. Anti-ClpP or anti-CbpA hyperimmune sera from intranasal-immunized mice significantly inhibited the adhesion of Streptococcus pneumoniae to A549 cells and combination of two antisera resulted in an additive effect. Both of two antisera could also kill S. pneumoniae by polymorphonuclear leukocytes in a complement-dependent way. The anti-infection activity and production of hyperimmune antibodies induced by mucosal immunization with ClpP and CbpA could be abrogated by the depletion of CD4⁺ T lymphocytes. Our data therefore indicated a critical role for CD4⁺ T lymphocytes in developing mucosal protein-based vaccines against invasive pneumococcal infection.