从事心理咨询与治疗的教师与医生的专业伦理意识比较

目的：了解我国当前从事心理咨询与治疗的教师与医生的伦理意识现状,加强职业伦理教育的针对性。方法：采用问卷调查法,以译自Gibson和Pope在美国进行的全国伦理调查所用问卷为主体,对109名从事心理咨询与治疗的教师和医生进行调查。结果：在问卷的88个条目中,教师与医生在74个条目上差异无统计学意义,差异有统计学意义的条目有14条,如：教师与医生赞成“帮助来访者举报同事违反伦理规范的行为”的比例分别为67.3%、40.7%,赞同“在广播、电视等媒体上提供个人建议”的比例分别为81.8%、61.1%,认同“如果来访者无能力付费就终止咨询”的比例分别为29.1%、53.7%,认同“利用职务之便为自己的私人诊所招收来访者”的比例分别为7.3%、20.4%。不同性别与年资的教师与医生在部分条目上存在显著差异。结论：我国当前从事心理咨询与治疗的教师与医生的伦理意识总体倾向较为一致,但在某些条目上存在显著差异。职业环境和过去的职业培训经历可能是导致差异的主要原因。     

2001至2005年上海部分地区腹泻住院患儿诺若病毒分子临床流行病学研究

目的通过对上海地区腹泻住院患儿进行诺若病毒检测,对其流行株进行基因序列的测定,以了解诺若病毒在上海地区的流行特征,为该病原体所致腹泻的防治提供基础数据和理论依据。方法收集2001至2005年复旦大学附属儿科医院5岁以下腹泻住院患儿的粪便标本。首先进行轮状病毒的检测,在轮状病毒抗原阴性标本中,每隔8个标本按编号顺序行机械随机抽样,建立RT-PCR方法进行诺若病毒的检测。对PCR产物进行双向测序,测序结果通过Clustal W和Mega 4.1软件进行分析。结果研究期间共收集腹泻患儿粪便标本5534份,轮状病毒抗原阴性4084份,机械随机抽得484份用于诺若病毒检测,45/484份(9.3%)检测到诺若病毒。对诺若病毒感染季节分布和患儿年龄特点的分析表明,除4月和7月份未检测到诺若病毒外,其余各月份均检测到诺若病毒,其高发的月份是8至11月。5~6月也呈一个小高峰。77.8%(35/45)的患儿<2岁,其中6~11个月的患儿所占比例最高,达35.6%(16/45),<6个月的婴儿占20%(9/45)。GⅡ-4型是这5年间尤其是2003年之后的主要流行型别,2001至2002年尚存在其他的流行型别GⅡ-3和GⅡ-7...     

Increased expression of apoptosis-linked gene 2 (ALG2) in the rat brain after temporary focal cerebral ischemia

Calcium is an important mediator of programmed cell death induced by transient cerebral ischemia, and calcium-binding proteins have been implicated in calcium-regulated signal transduction. Apoptosis-linked gene 2 is a calcium-binding protein required for cell death induced by different apoptotic stimuli. By Western blot analysis, we found that apoptosis-linked gene 2 protein was expressed in normal brains, and that expression increased in ischemic brains after 20 or 90 min of transient focal cerebral ischemia. Immunocytochemistry showed increased apoptosis-linked gene 2 protein expression in frontal cortex, a region where neurons underwent ischemic stress but still survived, after 20 or 90 min of focal cerebral ischemia. Apoptosis-linked gene 2 protein was also up-regulated in the ischemic border-zone of parietal cortex 24h after 20 min of focal ischemia, and was remarkably over-expressed in the caudate-putamen and parietal cortex, (where cells are destined to die) 24h after 90 min of ischemia. The expression pattern of apoptosis-linked gene 2 protein was similar to that of deoxyribonucleic acid damage detected by Klenow labeling assay.Our results suggest that apoptosis-linked gene 2 may be involved in the regulation of cell death after transient focal cerebral ischemia.     

Inhibitors of cytochrome P450 4A suppress angiogenic responses

Cytochrome P450 enzymes of the 4A family (CYP4A) convert arachidonic acid to 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) in blood vessels of several vascular beds. The present study examined the effects of inhibiting the formation of 20-HETE with N-hydroxy-N'-(4-butyl-2-methylphenol) formamidine (HET0016) on the mitogenic response of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro, and on growth factor-induced angiogenesis in the cornea of rats in vivo. HET0016 (10 micromol/L and 20 microg, respectively) abolished the mitogenic response to VEGF in HUVECs and the angiogenic response to VEGF, basic fibroblast growth factor, and epidermal growth factor in vivo by 80 to 90% (P < 0.001). Dibromododecenyl methylsulfonimide (DDMS), a structurally and mechanistically different inhibitor of 20-HETE synthesis, also abolished angiogenic responses when tested with VEGF. Additionally, administration of the stable 20-HETE agonist, 20-hydroxyeicosa-6(Z) 15(Z)-dienoic acid (WIT003) induced mitogenesis in HUVECs and angiogenesis in the rat cornea in vivo. We studied the ability of HET0016 to alter the angiogenic response in the rat cornea to human glioblastoma cancer cells (U251). When administered locally into the cornea, HET0016 (20 microg) reduced the angiogenic response to U251 cancer cells by 70%. These results suggest that a product of CYP4A product, possibly 20-HETE, plays a critical role in the regulation of angiogenesis and may provide a useful target for reduction of pathological angiogenesis.     

DNA prime followed by protein boost enhances neutralization and Th1 type immunity against FMDV

Prime-boost strategy has been exhibited its potency to enhance immune responses, which would be important to the success to develop a vaccine against the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). An eukaryotic expression construct encoding the FMDV capsid VP1 protein with a recombinant VP1 protein or a commercial FMDV vaccine were tested in the prime-boost strategy in mice and cattle trials. The levels of induced specific antibodies, T cell proliferations, and DTH activities were significantly higher in the prime-boost groups than in those vaccinated with DNA, protein or FMDV vaccine alone. More importantly, the levels of neutralizing antibodies in the former groups were significantly higher than others and could last for at least four months in cattle trials. This study suggests that the prime-boost strategy significantly improves the effective immunity and may provide a longer protection against FMDV infection.     

(His)6 -eIF3s4融合蛋白在人乳腺癌细胞Bcap37中的表达

目的：构建真核细胞翻译起始因子3第4亚单位（eIF3s4）真核表达载体用于进一步功能研究。方法：设计引物,以K562细胞的总RNA为模板,采用RT-PCR方法扩增eIF3s4的全长编码区cDNA,克隆于pGEM-TEasy载体,经DNA测序并与GenBank数据库序列进行比对后,将该cDNA序列亚克隆于真核表达载体pcDNA4/HisMaxB载体,构建成（His）6-eIF3s4融合蛋白的表达载体,用LipofectamineTM2000瞬时转染人乳腺癌细胞株Bcap37,利用Westernblot方法检测（His）6-eIF3s4融合蛋白的表达。结果：DNA序列测定表明,利用RT-PCR方法克隆的eIF3s4全长编码区cDNA序列与GenBank数据库序列一致,Westernblot结果证实（His）6-eIF3s4融合蛋白在Bcap37细胞中获得预期表达。结论：成功地构建了eIF3s4的真核表达载体并在人乳腺癌细胞Bcap37中表达,为建立稳定的eIF3s4高表达细胞系,进而研究eIF3s4与肿瘤细胞多药耐药相关性打下了基础。     

Shigella infection in a SCID mouse-human intestinal xenograft model: role for neutrophils in containing bacterial dissemination in human intestine

Shigellae infect human intestine and cause intense inflammation and destruction of colonic and rectal mucosa. To model the interactions of shigella with human intestine in vivo, we have studied shigella infection in human intestinal xenografts in severe combined immunodeficient mice (SCID-HU-INT mice). Inoculation of shigella into human intestinal xenografts caused severe inflammation and mucosal damage, which was apparent as soon as 4 h following infection. Shigella infection was associated with human intestinal production of interleukin-1B (IL-1B) and IL-8 and a marked neutrophil influx into the graft. Depletion of neutrophils from SCID-HU-INT mice reduced inflammation in the human intestinal xenograft in response to shigella infection but failed to significantly alter tissue damage. However, the number of intracellular bacteria was more than 20-fold higher in the human intestinal xenografts from neutrophil-depleted SCID-HU-INT mice. Infection of human intestinal xenografts with an attenuated vaccine strain of shigella (CVD1203) induced lower levels of IL-1B and IL-8 than wild-type shigella and caused only moderate damage to the intestinal permeability barrier. Our studies establish the SCID-HU-INT mouse as a viable model for studying the interactions between shigella and human intestine and indicate that neutrophils are important for controlling the invasion of human intestine by shigella.     

Intrapulmonary cystic lymphangioma in a 2-month-old infant.

Lymphangioma is an abnormal collection of lymphatics that are developmentally isolated from the normal lymphatic system. Lymphangioma rarely presents as a solitary pulmonary lesion. We report a rare case of intrapulmonary cystic lymphangioma involving the upper lobe of the right lung, which presented with dyspnea in a 2-month-old infant. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the chest demonstrated a well-circumscribed, multiseptate, cystic lesion in the upper lobe of the right lung, mimicking the feature of type I congenital cystic adenomatoid mal-formation. The tumor was removed by bilobectomy of the upper and middle lobes of the right lung, and its pathologic examination confirmed the diagnosis of an intra-pulmonary cystic lymphangioma.     

抗Ig融合蛋白Fc段单克隆抗体的制备、鉴定与应用研究

目的：制备并鉴定抗Ig融合蛋白Fc段的单克隆抗体(mAb)，建立用于检测Ig融合蛋白的夹心ELISA法和纯化Fc融合蛋白的亲和层析法。方法：以hBCMA—Ig融合蛋白为抗原免疫BALB／c小鼠，通过细胞融合制备抗Fc段mAb，用ELISA等方法鉴定mAb的Ig亚类、表位以及种属特异性，建立用于检测Ig融合蛋白的夹心ELISA法;Western blot检测mAb对变性Ig融合蛋白的反应性。将mAb与Sepharose4B交联，制备亲和层析柱，对LAIR1-Ig融合蛋白进行纯化。结果：获得7株稳定分泌抗Fc段mAb的杂交瘤(FMUFcl-FMUFc7)。利用FMUFc4作为包被mAb，FMUFc5作为酶标记mAb，成功地建立了检测Ig融合蛋白的ELISA法，敏感度达到2μg／L；在7株mAb中，FMUFc6可用于Ig融合蛋白的western blot检测。用FMUFc 6mAb制备的亲和层析柱，可有效地纯化LAIRl—Ig融合蛋白。结论：成功地制备了抗Ig融合蛋白Fc段的mAb，建立了可用于Ig融合蛋白检测和纯化的方法，为Ig融合蛋白的应用提供了有力手段。     

The involvement of calcium mobilization in the calcium-activated potassium currents activated by hyposmotic swelling in gastric antral circular myocytes of the guinea-pig

In our study of the effects of hyposmotic swelling on the Ca(2+)-activated potassium currents [I(K(Ca))] and its mechanism, we employed the whole-cell patch clamp technique using the gastric antral circular myocytes of the guinea-pig. Hyposmotic swelling efficiently increased I(K(Ca)), and the extent of changes in I(K(Ca)) was sharply dependent on the osmolarity of the perfusion solutions. When the calcium-free solution (EGTA 10 microM added in calcium-free solution) was superfused, I(K(Ca)) was not increased by the hyposmotic swelling. Gadolinium (Gd(3+)) 100 nM, a blocker of the stretch-activated nonselective cation channel, blocked the activation of I(K(Ca)) induced by hyposmotic swelling, but nicardipine 5 microM (the L-type calcium channel blocker) did not. Heparin 3 mg/ml, a potent inhibitor of inositol triphosphate receptor (InsP(3)R), did not inhibit the response, and caffeine 1 mM (the agonist for calcium-induced calcium release [CICR]) imitated the effect of hyposmotic swelling. Ryanodine (15 microM), markedly inhibited the effect. These results suggest that hyposmotic swelling activates I(K(Ca)), and the activation is associated with CICR, which is triggered by extracellular calcium influx through the stretch-activated channel (SA channel).