小剂量芬太尼和氟哌啶静注对吸入七氟醚快速麻醉诱导的影响

为观察小剂量芬太尼和氟哌啶对吸入七氟醚快速麻醉诱导的影响。分别于吸入七氟醚后５ｍｉｎ（第１组）和吸前２ｍｉｎ（第２组）静注小剂量芬太尼（２μｇ／ｋｇ）及氟哌啶（０．１ｍｇ／ｋｇ）。结果：病人意识消失时间第１组（８７±３７）ｓ，第２组（３９±１１）ｓ（Ｐ＜０．０１）；深呼吸次数第１组（１４．０±５．３）次；第２组（４．０±０．７）次（Ｐ＜０．０１）。２组病人诱导及插管过程中循环反应相对较小。提示：在小剂量芬太尼及氟哌啶静注基础上吸入七氟醚继续行麻醉诱导其临床效果更佳，插管反应更小     

杀菌性通透性增强蛋白对失血性休克的保护作用及其机理

分别在失血和复苏开始即刻ｉｖ杀菌性／通透性增强蛋白（ＢＰＩ）１．５和３．５ｍｇｋｇ－１，观察ＢＰＩ对大鼠失血性休克转归的影响．结果显示，ＢＰＩ治疗能明显改善失血性休克大鼠肝肾功能，提高休克动物存活率（ＢＰＩ组８１％ｖｓ休克对照组４４％，Ｐ＜０．０５），ＢＰＩ组大鼠复苏后与休克前的血浆内毒素（０．２０±０．０４ｖｓ０．２４±０．０５ｋＵＬ－１）水平无明显变化，血浆肿瘤坏死因子α和白介素６水平较休克前明显升高，但均显著低于休克对照组．提示ＢＰＩ对失血性休克大鼠具有一定的保护作用，其机理可能与ＢＰＩ拮抗休克时内源性内毒素活性，抑制细胞因子反应有关．     

Empty sella syndrome in childhood

The empty sella syndrome is common in middle-aged women, usually presenting with headache, and only occasionally associated with endocrine or visual abnormalities. It is rare in childhood. Childhood cases tend to present either with endocrine disturbances, visual symptoms, or with craniofacial syndromes. We present three cases of complete empty sella with childhood onset, each discovered unexpectedly during evaluation of endocrine or visual dysfunction.     

丝烈霉素C诱发小白鼠骨髓细胞姐妹染色单体互换和染色体畸变

丝裂霉素C(MMc)诱导的姐妹染色单体互换(SCE)可反映出细胞DMA损伤修复的基本过程。有关MMC诱发活体的SCE研究不多。本实验目的,就是探讨MMC诱发小白鼠骨髓细胞SCE的剂量—效应关系,并对SCE指标与染色体畸变指标,在检测机体DNA损伤上的差异作一比较研究。结果证明,MMC诱发染色体畸变能办远低于诱发SCE的能力,MMC可诱发小白鼠骨髓细胞SCE产生,SCE值随MMC剂量的增加而增加。SCE即使在低剂量诱变剂的作用下也是敏感的。     

献血者档案的管理

本文探讨了当前在采供血机构(血站)的管理工作中,加强献血者档案管理的规范化、系统化、网络化运作方面的研究,构建以计算机管理系统为基础,人机结合为手段,信息共享为目的的新型档案管理模式,其目的是为了准确、快速查询、利用血源档案信息,以确保临床安全输血,充分满足临床用血需求提供良好的服务。     

富铬酵母抗动脉粥样硬化的研究

本文观察了富铬酵母对早期动脉粥样硬化大鼠的预防及治疗作用。病理结果表明：在大鼠高脂饲料中接重量比加入０．１％的甲基硫氧嘧啶，在透射电镜下，大鼠主动脉内皮细胞可见大少；模型鼠改食普通饲料４０天，内皮下仍可见不典型泡沫细胞，内有空泡，而改食基础饲料并给富铬酵母治疗（０．２５ｇ／ＫｇＢｗ／ｄ），内皮下可见泡沫细胞，但空泡消失。在扫描电镜下，模型鼠主动脉内皮细胞肿胀、萎缩、排列紊乱，出现斑块状病变；给予富     

宫颈癌组织中HPV16 E7序列多态性分析

目的探讨广东地区宫颈癌组织中HPV16肿瘤相关性抗原E7基因序列的多态性.方法采用通用引物PCR直接测序法对宫颈癌标本中的HPV分型,从含有HPV16型的标本中采用自行设计的多重引物通过巢式PCR扩增出HPV16E7,经DNA序列测定法检测其基因变异,进而寻找其热点突变.结果50例宫颈癌组织HPV-DNA的检出率为78%,其中HPV16和HPV18型混合感染18例,单纯HPV16型感染15例.33例含有HPV16型的标本中扩增出25例HPV16E7,其中17例647位核苷酸“T”变异“C”,导致相应的蛋白质由天冬氨酸变异为丝氨酸.结论广东地区宫颈癌组织中HPV16E7DNA序列发生碱基替换的区域主要在647位至846位,热点突变点为Nt647和Nt846.     

Concentration-dependent metabolism of diazepam in mouse liver

Previous mouse liver studies with diazepam (DZ),N-desmethyldiazepam (NZ), and temazepam (TZ) confirmed that under first-order conditions, DZ formed NZ and TZ in parallel. Oxazepam (OZ) was generatedvia NZ and not TZ despite that preformed NZ and TZ were both capable of forming OZ. In the present studies, the concentration-dependent sequential metabolism of DZ was studied in perfused mouse livers and microsomes, with the aim of distinguishing the relative importance of NZ and TZ as precusors of OZ. In microsomal studies, theK _ms andV _maxs, corrected for binding to microsomal proteins, were 34 μM and 3.6 nmole/min per mg and 239 μM and 18 nmole/min per mg, respectively, forN-demthylation andC ₃-hydroxylation of DZ. TheK _ms andV _maxs forN-demethylation andC ₃-hydroxylation of TZ and NZ, respectively, to form OZ, were 58 μM and 2.5 nmole/min per mg and 311 μM and 2 nmole/min per mg, respectively. The constants suggest that at low DZ concentrations, NZ formation predominates and is a major source of OZ, whereas at higher DZ concentrations, TZ is the important source of OZ. In livers perfused with DZ at input concentrations of 13 to 35 μM, the extraction ratio of DZ (E{DZ}) decreased from 0.83 to 0.60. NZ was the major metabolite formed although its appearance was less than proportionate with increasing DZ input concentration. By contrast, the formation of TZ increased disporportionately with increasing DZ concentration, whereas that for OZ decreased and paralleled the behavior of NZ. Computer simulations based on a tubular flow model and thein vitro enzymatic parameters provided a poorin vitro-organ correlation. TheE{DZ}, appearance rates of the metabolites, and the extraction ratio of formed NZ (E{NZ, DZ}) were poorly predicted; TZ was incorrectly identified as the major precursor of OZ. Simulations with optimized parameters imporved the correlations and identified NZ as the major contributor of OZ. Saturation of DZN-demethylation at higher DZ concentrations increased the role of TZ in the formation of OZ. The poor aqueous solubility (limiting the concentration range of substrates usedin vitro), avid tissue binding and the coupling of enzymatic reactions in liver, favoring sequential metabolism, are possible explanations for the poorin vitro-organ correlation. This work emphasizes the complexity of the hepatic intracellular milieu for drug metabolism and the need for additional modeling efforts to adequately describe metabolite kinetics. This work was supported by the Medical Research Council of Canada (MA-9104).     

原发性高血压患者冠状动脉粥样硬化与主动脉中央脉压的关系

背景:脉压和主动脉僵硬度都是冠心病的预测因子,主动脉脉压与动脉粥样硬化之间是一种互为因果的关系,对经冠状动脉造影确诊的冠心病与主动脉脉压的关系进行观察。目的:观察冠状动脉粥样硬化与原发性高血压患者中央脉压的关系。设计:病例-对照观察。单位:首都医科大学宣武医院心内科。对象:选择2002-07/2005-01到首都医科大学宣武医院心内科就诊的300例原发性高血压患者,均为初发或未经正规治疗,均符合国际高血压协会的诊断标准,并除外继发性高血压、心肌病、心脏瓣膜病、心力衰竭、肝肾功能不全等。其中男170例,女130例,平均年龄(61±11)岁。所有患者均对检测项目知情同意。方法:300例原发性高血压患者入院后均给予冠状动脉造影检查,根据是否患有冠心病将纳入患者分为冠心病组(共143例,其中男性92例,占64%)和非冠心病组(共157例,其中男性82例,占52%)。所有患者均签署知情同意。收集的参数包括:由侵入性方法测得的主动脉内收缩压和舒张压,冠状动脉的病变程度以及患者的基础临床资料。所有观察指标均以x±s表示,两组之间的比较采用独立样本的t检验,P<0.05认为有显著性差异。主要观察指标:两组患者主动脉收缩压、舒张压和脉压,反映动脉僵硬度的每搏输出量与主动脉脉压的比值;冠状动脉病变的支数及狭窄程度(狭窄程度<50%的病例归入非冠心病组);患者入院后的基础临床指标和常规生化指标(包括空腹血糖、血清肌酐、血脂指标等)。结果:纳入300例高血压患者全部进入结果分析,冠心病组的主动脉收缩压和脉压明显高于非冠心病组[(150.3±26.5),(145.6±23.3)mmHg,P<0.05]和[(77.1±22.7),(70.4±19.3)mmHg,P<0.05]。冠心病组主动脉脉压与每搏输出量的比值明显高于非冠心病组(1.20±0.44,0.96±0.33,P<0.05)。冠心病组患者的空腹血糖为(1.38±0.27)mmol/L,明显高于非冠心病组(1.08±0.28mmol/L,P<0.01),冠心病组患者的血清肌酐为(11.98±2.15)μmol/L,明显高于非冠心病组(11.19±1.58μmol/L,P<0.01),而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇明显低于非冠心病组[(0.54±0.13),(0.62±0.18)mmol/L,P<0.01]。结论:动脉粥样硬化可能与原发性高血压患者的主动脉僵硬度加重有一定关系,中央脉压可能因此升高。另外,动脉粥样硬化还将损害原发性高血压患者的肾功能,并影响脂质代谢。     

医疗纠纷处理应重视的几个问题

通过对医疗纠纷产生的原因进行分类,提出一套有针对性的处理医疗纠纷的方法,依照客观公正的原则及时处理,并建议医院成立一支处理医疗纠纷的的专门队伍和机构。