Temperature and Daily Mortality in Shanghai： A Time-series Study

Objective To investigate the association between temperature and daily mortality in Shanghai from June 1, 2000 to December 31,2001. Methods Time-series approach was used to estimate the effect of temperature on daily total and cause-specific mortality. We fitted generalized additive Poisson regression using non-parametric smooth functions to control for long-term time trend, season and other variables. We also controlled for day of the week. Results A gently sloping V-like relationship between total mortality and temperature was found, with an optimum temperature (e.g.temperature with lowest mortality risk) value of 26.7℃ in Shanghai. For temperatures above the optimum value, total mortality increased by 0.73% for each degree Celsius increase; while for temperature below the optimum value, total mortality decreased by 1.21% for each degree Celsius increase. Conclusions Our findings indicate that temperature has an effect on daily mortality in Shanghai, and the time-series approach is a useful tool for studying the temperature-mortality association.     

Driver Sleepiness and Risk of Car Crashes in Shenyang, a Chinese Northeastern City： Population-based Case-control Study

Objective To estimate the association of driver sleepiness with the risk of car crashes. Methods A population-based case-control study was conducted in Shenyang, a northeastern city in China, between November 2001 and July 2002. The case group comprised 406 car drivers involved in crashes, and 438 car drivers recruited at randomly selected sites, and on the day of week, and the time of day when they were driving on highways in the study region during the study period were used as control groups. Face-to-face interviews with drivers were conducted according to a well-structured questionnaire covering the circumstances of their current trip and their background information. Stanford sleepiness scale and Epworth sleepiness scale were used to quantify acute sleepiness and chronic sleepiness respectively. Results There was a strong association between chronic sleepiness and the risk of car crash. Significantly increased risk of crash was associated with drivers who identified themselves as sleepy (Epworth sl     

Effects of Red Palm Oil on Serum Lipids and Plasma Carotenoids Level in Chinese Male Adults

Objective Effects of red palm oil on major plasma carotenoids, tocopherol, retinol and serum lipids were evaluated when used in Chinese diet. Methods Red palm oil group (RPO) composedof 20 male subjects(aged 18-32) and soybean oil group (SBO) composed of 22 male subjects     

分光光度法测定复方芦荟醇溶液中替硝唑和氯霉素的含量

目的：对复方芦荟醇溶液的制备及替硝唑和氯霉素含量测定进行研究。方法：选择替硝唑和氯霉素组方，采用差示-单波长分光光度法，在277nm和319nm波长处检测。结果：平均回收率分别在99．29％(RSD=0．32％)和99．48%(RSD=0．46％)。结论：检测方法简便，结果准确，适用于该制剂的质量控制。     

注射用司帕沙星的溶血试验

目的　观察注射用司帕沙星在试管内对新西兰白兔有无溶血、凝集作用。 方法 　取规定量受试药加入 2 %兔血生理盐水混悬液中 ,观察溶血和凝集情况。 结果 　第一～六管溶液中红细胞全部下沉 ,上层液体无色澄明 ,第七管全部溶血。 结论 　注射用司帕沙星在终浓度 1mg·m L- 1时 ,对兔红细胞无溶血和凝集现象。     

硫酸阿米卡星的刺激性试验

目的 　观察硫酸阿米卡星注射液对兔血管壁和股四头肌是否有刺激性 ,为临床用药提供理论依据。方法 　新西兰兔耳缘静脉注射 0 .5 %硫酸阿米卡星 0 .6m L· kg- 1 ( 1m L· min- 1 ) ,1日 1次 ,连续 7d,及大腿股四头肌注射硫酸阿米卡星每只 1m L ,1次 ,末次给药后 48h,取兔耳血管和股四头肌作病理检查。结果 　与对照组比较 ,血管及肌肉经目检和镜检均未见明显的变化。结论　硫酸阿米卡星注射液对兔耳管壁和股四头肌无明显的刺激性     

盐酸依替米星的HPLC测定

以邻苯二甲醛为衍生试剂，用柱前衍生化高效液相色谱法测定盐酸依替米星的含量。以Shim—Pack VP—ODS为色谱柱，水—冰醋酸—甲醇(20：5：75)混合溶液配制的0．02mol/L庚烷磺酸钠溶液为流动相，检测波长330nm。在0．04—0．2mg／m1浓度范围内，线性关系良好(r＝0．9999)，精密度RSD为0．75％。     

曲马多（奇曼丁）治疗肌肉骨骼系统慢性疼痛的I临床疗效评价

目的 :评价盐酸曲马多缓释片 (奇曼丁 )治疗中度以上肌肉骨骼系统慢性持续性疼痛的临床疗效与耐受性。方法 :在骨科门诊选择中度以上慢性非癌症性疼痛 ,应用NASIDs疼痛缓解不满意的成人病例共 4 0例 ,服用奇曼丁 ,根据疼痛控制程度和副反应调整剂量。总观察时间为 4周 ,受试者记录疼痛治疗手册 ,每周门诊随访 1次 ,医师检查后填写临床观察表。结果 :全部病例均完成试验 ,无失访和因不能耐受而退出者。服药前VSA值平均为 ( 6 8± 1 84 )分 ,服药后VSA值平均为 ( 1 0± 1 4 6 )分 ,两者经t检验 ,差异有显著性意义 (P <0 0 0 1)。平均疼痛缓解度为 ( 85 5± 5 35 ) % ,其中完全缓解和明显缓解占 77 5 %。不良反应 9例 ,总发生率为 2 2 5 % ,结论 :奇曼丁作为盐酸曲马多的缓释片 ,是一种长效中枢性镇痛剂 ,使用方便。在治疗肌肉骨骼系统的慢性疼痛方面具有优良的镇痛效果 ,副反应程度轻 ,有良好的耐受性 ,为骨科慢性疼痛的药物治疗提供了一种新的选择。     

对10种抗真菌药物的耐药监测及分析

目的 监测分析l0种抗真菌药物的耐药现状，以加强抗真菌药物的合理应用。方法 对我院2001年4月～2002年12月分离鉴定出的359株真菌．用目前常用的l0种抗真菌药物进行药物敏感试验和分析。结果 在l0种抗真菌药物中，耐药率最高的是灰黄霉素(耐药率87．3％～100％)，其次为氟康唑(42．8％-54．9%)和伊曲康唑(28．5％～50．9％)。结论 当前临床常用抗真菌药物的耐药菌株明显增多，特别是氟康唑、伊曲康唑耐药率增高，敏感率降低，应引起广大临床医生的高度重视。     

原发性脾脏占位性病变13例临床分析

目的 探讨原发性脾脏占位性病变的临床特点和诊治体会.方法 对13例原发性脾脏占位性病变的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 13例原发性脾脏占位性病变全部经脾切除手术和病理确诊,良性10例,恶性3例;术后均痊愈出院.结论 原发性脾脏占位性病变的定位诊断依靠影像学检查(B超、CT等),定性诊断需病理确诊,本病宜及早手术,脾切除是基本术式.