中医药在动脉粥样硬化中的抗炎作用研究

动脉粥样硬化（AS）是一种慢性、进展性、系统性的炎症疾病,是心脑血管疾病的主要病理基础,严重的危害人类健康。“炎症在AS的发生、发展和演变中起重要作用”这一观点已得到广泛的肯定。动脉粥样硬化发病机制中的炎症学说,为中医药的应用提供了理论基础。现将近年来中医药在AS中的抗炎研究情况综述如下。     

不同降温速度对保存的角膜内皮细胞活性的影响

目的通过调节程序控制降温仪的降温速度保存兔角膜，以提高保存角膜的内皮细胞的存活率（ESR）。方法供体角膜150只随机分为对照组和实验组。对照组不做冷冻处理；实验组冷冻147只角膜，带巩膜缘1～2mm的角膜片分别在4种不同浓度梯度的冻存液中预处理各10min，再经过两个阶段（0～-18℃，-18～-80℃）49种不同程序逐步降温至-80℃，最后放入液氮中保存。1个月后水浴复苏供体角膜，洗脱冻存液、染色、同定，行镜下形态学观察并计算角膜内皮细胞存活率。结果镜下观察第一阶段降温速度为2℃／min、第二阶段降温速度为5℃／min时的方法较好，计数细胞的存活率达到75％以上，与其他不同速度下比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论不同阶段不同降温速度下，深低温保存兔角膜对角膜的内皮细胞存活率有明显影响。     

合并高度近视的原发性开角型青光眼视野分析

目的探讨合并高度近视的原发性开角型青光眼（POAG）视野改变特点及其与视网膜神经纤维层（RNFL）缺损的关系。设计回顾性病例对照研究。研究对象合并高度近视的POAG组17例（21眼）、非高度近视的POAG组16例（17眼）、单纯高度近视非POAG组20例（25眼）以及正常组17例（19眼）。方法用Humphrey50型视野计进行静态中心阈值视野检查，利用相干光断层扫描术（OCT）进行视盘周围RNFL厚度检查。主要指标上方、下方、鼻侧、颞侧象限视野的平均光敏感度，MD值、PSD值；各象限RNFL厚度。结果合并高度近视的早期POAG患者总偏差概率图多表现为普遍敏感性降低，而模式偏差概率图则更多表现出POAG早期视野缺损；其平均缺损值显著高于其它各组。合并高度近视的POAG患者平均光敏感度、MD、PSD值均与其他三组有统计学意义差异（P〈0．05）；单纯高度近视组与非高度近视POAG组的PSD值及上、下象限平均光敏感度的差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05），而鼻、颞象限平均光敏感度的差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。合并高度近视的POAG组较非高度近视POAG组以及单纯高度近视组RNFL厚度明显变薄；此三组较正常组RNFL厚度变薄；单纯高度近视组与非高度近视的POAG组的平均RNFL厚度及上、下象限RNFL厚度的差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05），而鼻、颞象限RNFL厚度的差异则无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；各组四个象限RNFL厚度与视野对应部位的缺损相关。结论在进行合并高度近视的POAG视野结果判定时要依靠模式偏差概率图。OCT显示的RNFL厚度与视野对应部位的缺损相关。（眼科，2007，16：24．28）     

Haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation may improve long-term survival for children with high-risk T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia in first complete remission

Background: The role of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in children with high-risk (HR) T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) in first complete remission (CR1) is still under evaluation. Moreover, relapse is the main factor affecting survival. This study aimed to explore the effect of allo-HSCT (especially haploidentical HSCT [haplo-HSCT]) on improving survival and reducing relapse for HR childhood T-ALL in CR1 and the prognostic factors of childhood T-ALL in...     

电纺参数对PLGA/HA复合支架纤维形貌和直径的影响

目的通过静电纺丝的方法制备PLGA/HA复合支架,探讨电纺参数对复合支架纤维形貌和直径的影响。方法以三氯甲烷和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺为混合溶剂制备PLGA/HA纺丝液,通过调节PLGA的浓度、电压、接收距离,制备具有不同表面形貌的PLGA/HA复合纤维,采用SEM观察PLGA的浓度、电压、接收距离对纤维形貌和直径的影响。结果复合纤维的直径随PLGA浓度的增加而增加;随电压的增加而增加;随接收距离的增加先减小后增加。结论制备PLGA/HA复合支架较合适的电纺参数为：PLGA浓度25%,电压20KV,接收距离15cm。静电纺丝法制得的PLGA/HA复合支架有可能作为骨组织再生的支架在组织工程领域发挥作用。     

维脑路通片压片工段工艺质量回顾分析

目的：通过维脑路通片压片工段工艺质量回顾分析,保证药品质量的安全生产要求。维脑路通是芦丁经羟乙基化半合成的产物,对抗5-羟色胺、缓激肽引起的血管损伤,增加毛细血管抵抗力,能降低毛细血管的通透性和脆性,并有抑制血小板凝集、防止血栓形成的作用,降低毛细血管通透性,可防止血管通透性升高引起的水肿。对急性缺血性脑损伤有显著的保护作用。适用于脑血栓形成和脑栓塞所致的偏瘫、失语以及心肌梗死前综合征、动脉硬化等。维脑路通是临床上治疗闭塞性脑血管病的常用药物。根据2010年修订的《药品生产质量管理规范》第二百六十六条要求,企业至少应当对关键中间控制点及成品的检验结果进行回顾分析。方法：是通过联系跟踪95批次的产品,进行片重的分析。结果：是平均偏差SD=0.000467,平均数average=0.125679,相对平均偏差RSD=0.003716,RSD（％）=0.3716,RSD<3％,符合方法学要求。结论：是验证工厂使用的压片机的性能符合GMP的要求,达到了阶段性的压片工段的质量管理要求。     

Study on modified shengmai yin injection for prevention and treatment of brain impairment in endotoxin shock rats

Objective:To examine the effects of modified Shenmai Yin on invigorating vital energy, promoting blood flow, and protection against neural impairment in an endotoxin-induced shock rat model. Methods: Ninety-six SD rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham operation (saline 20 ml/kg), shock model (lipopolysaccharide, LPS, 8 mg/kg), Reformed Shengmai Yin (加味生脉饮 Pulse-activating Decoction) (LPS 8 mg/kg + reformed Shengmai Yin Injection 10 ml/kg), and dexamethasone (LPS 8 mg/kg + dexamethasone 5 mg/kg) groups. Each group was subdivided into 1 h, 2 h, 3 h, and 6 h time points for observation. The carotid artery was separated and connected with a biological functional system to monitor mean arterial pressure (MAP). Brain water levels, malonaldehyde (MDA) content, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were also determined. Results: In the shock model group, MAP was progressively decreased after injection of LPS, brain water and MDA contents were increased, brain SOD activity was decreased, and capillary vessel edema in brain tissue was also observed. All these parameters were improved significantly in both treatment groups, although the effects were more marked with Shengmai Yin than with dexamethasone. Conclusion: Modified Shengmai Yin exhibits strong anti-shock and neuroprotective effects against Endotoxininduced shock.     

Rituximab for the treatment of refractory anti-glomerular basement membrane disease

BackgroundAnti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) disease is a rare but severe autoantibody-mediated immune disorder. The typical clinical presentation includes rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis and often concurrent pulmonary hemorrhage. The present study is aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of rituximab either used alone or with other immunosuppressants.MethodsEight patients diagnosed with anti-GBM disease and treated with rituximab from 2014 to 2020 were retrospectively reviewed.ResultsEight patients included 5 males and 3 females with a median age of 58.5 years. They all presented severe kidney injuries and 1 patient had lung hemorrhage. At diagnosis, the median of serum creatinine was 246 µmol/L (ranging from 91 to 850 µmol/L), with 3 patients requiring dialysis. All of them received corticosteroids and plasmapheresis. Rituximab was given as either standard four weekly doses or one pulse ranging from 100 to 600 mg. After a median follow-up of 34.5 months, kidney function was partially recovered or stabilized in 5/8 (62.5%) patients, free of dialysis. Anti-GBM antibodies remained undetected in all patients during follow-up. No severe adverse effect associated with rituximab was observed.ConclusionRituximab may be an alternative therapy in the treatment of patient with severe or refractory anti-GBM disease.     

Simple renal cyst as an independent risk factor for hypertension

A simple renal cyst (SRC) may increase the risk for hypertension. The authors examined the relationship between a SRC and hypertension in participants receiving physical examinations at Hebei Medical University. This study enrolled 66 883 participants who received physical examinations at our center from January 2012 to December 2017. Demographic data, medical history related to hypertension, hematological indexes, hypertension, and SRC subtype based on ultrasound examinations were examined. The relationship between SRC and hypertension was analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis in different models. Subgroup analysis and propensity score (PS) matching were also performed. Based on SRC subtype (unitary vs. multiple, small vs. large, unilateral vs. bilateral), a comprehensive scoring system was established to determine the effect of SRC load on hypertension. The results of univariate and multivariate analysis indicated that SRC was a risk factor for hypertension (P < .01). Subgroup and interaction analysis showed the homogeneity that SRC was an independent risk factor for hypertension in multiple subgroups (P > .05). A SRC remained an independent risk factor for hypertension after PS matching (P < .01). Based on a scoring system that considered different SRC subtypes, the risk for hypertension increased with renal cyst load (P < .01). In conclusions, a SRC was an independent risk factor for hypertension, and there was a positive correlation between SRC load and hypertension. The risk of hypertension increased gradually with the size, number, and location of a SRC. Careful follow‐up or excision should be considered for patients with SRCs.