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11.
Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has been used in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) primarily to define the disk position. This report examines altered morphology and signal intensity characteristics of the TMJ disk as they relate to the severity of internal derangement. Two hundred sixteen joints in 133 patients with a history of such derangement. were imaged with MR. Disk position, signal intensity, morphology, and the presence of osteoarthritis were determined for each joint. The normal disk was not anteriorly displaced and had a normal "bow-tie" shape. A grade 1 disk was anteriorly displaced and had a normal shape; a grade 2 disk was anteriorly displaced and had an abnormal shape. Forty (19%) joints were considered normal; none of these exhibited osteoarthritis. One hundred thirty-nine (64%) joints were grade 1; osteoarthritis was found in 17%. Thirty-seven (17%) were grade 2; osteoarthritis was found in 95%. All forty normal joints had high or intermediate signal intensity in the disk. Osteoarthritic joints had a higher percentage of disks with diminished intensity (P less than .0001). Severe or untreated osteoarthritis is known to be a complication of TMJ internal derangements; hence this grading system seems to correlate with the severity of internal derangement. 相似文献
12.
E. M. O'Byrne V. Blancuzzi D. Wilson M. Wong J. Peppard J. P. Simke A. Y. Jeng 《Inflammation research》1991,34(1-2):46-48
Intra-articular (i.a.) injection of recombinant human interleukin-1 alpha (rHuIL-1) in rabbit knees induced both an inflammation, as determined by increases in leukocytes in the joint fluid, and cartilage degradation, as measured by loss of proteoglycan. Substance P (SP) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels in the joint lavage are also elevated. Treatment with 5 mg indomethacin/kg, p.o., b.i.d., 2 mg triamcinolone i.a., and 10 mg dexamethasone/kg, p.o., reduced synovial lavage leukocyte counts, as well as PGE2 and SP lavage concentrations induced with IL-1 injection. However, none of the treatments inhibited rHuIL-1-induced proteoglycan loss. 相似文献
13.
Androgen receptor YAC transgenic mice carrying CAG 45 alleles show trinucleotide repeat instability 总被引:1,自引:15,他引:1
La Spada AR; Peterson KR; Meadows SA; McClain ME; Jeng G; Chmelar RS; Haugen HA; Chen K; Singer MJ; Moore D; Trask BJ; Fischbeck KH; Clegg CH; McKnight GS 《Human molecular genetics》1998,7(6):959-967
X-linked spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) is caused by a CAG
repeat expansion in the first exon of the androgen receptor (AR) gene.
Disease-associated alleles (37-66 CAGs) change in length when transmitted
from parents to offspring, with a significantly greater tendency to shift
size when inherited paternally. As transgenic mice carrying human AR cDNAs
with 45 and 66 CAG repeats do not display repeat instability, we attempted
to model trinucleotide repeat instability by generating transgenic mice
with yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs) carrying AR CAG repeat expansions
in their genomic context. Studies of independent lines of AR YAC transgenic
mice with CAG 45 alleles reveal intergenerational instability at an overall
rate of approximately 10%. We also find that the 45 CAG repeat tracts are
significantly more unstable with maternal transmission and as the
transmitting mother ages. Of all the CAG/CTG repeat transgenic mice
produced to date the AR YAC CAG 45 mice are unstable with the smallest
trinucleotide repeat mutations, suggesting that the length threshold for
repeat instability in the mouse may be lowered by including the appropriate
flanking human DNA sequences. By sequence-tagged site content analysis and
long range mapping we determined that one unstable transgenic line has
integrated an approximately 70 kb segment of the AR locus due to
fragmentation of the AR YAC. Identification of the cis - acting elements
that permit CAG tract instability and the trans -acting factors that
modulate repeat instability in the AR YAC CAG 45 mice may provide insights
into the molecular basis of trinucleotide repeat instability in humans.
相似文献
14.
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16.
Renal gluconeogenesis and increased glucose utilization in shock 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
17.
The hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome is known to contain four conserved and overlapped open reading frames (ORFs) encoding the viral core, polymerase (P), surface (S), and X proteins. Whether HBV encodes other proteins has long been a major interest in the field. Using (32)P-labeling of an introduced protein kinase A site attached to the N- or C-terminus of the HBV polymerase gene, a 43-kDa P-S fusion protein was detected in cell lysate, secreted virions, and 22-nm subviral particles. Immunobiochemical studies showed that the 43-kDa protein contains the epitopes of the N-terminus of polymerase and most parts of the surface proteins. This 43-kDa protein was shown to be a glycoprotein, similar to the surface protein. RT-PCR and sequence analyses identified a spliced mRNA which was derived from pregenomic RNA with a deletion of 454 nucleotides (nt) from nt 2447 to 2902. This splice event creates a P-S fusion ORF. This finding is consistent with the result obtained from an immunobiochemical study. Mutations at the splice donor or acceptor site on the HBV genome abrogated the production of the 43-kDa protein. These mutants had no effect on viral replication in transfected HuH-7 cells. However, this P-S fusion protein is able to substitute for the LS protein in virion maturation. On the basis of these results, we conclude that the 43-kDa protein is a polymerase-surface fusion protein encoded by a spliced RNA. Similar to the LS protein, the 43-kDa P-S fusion protein is a structural protein of HBV and might play a role in the HBV life cycle. 相似文献
18.
Ching-Yi Cho Yi-Hsuan Tang Yu-Hsuan Chen Szu-Yao Wang Yi-Hsin Yang Ting-Hao Wang Chang-Ching Yeh Keh-Gong Wu Mei-Jy Jeng 《Journal of microbiology, immunology, and infection》2019,52(2):265-272
Background
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) infection is one of the major causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Universal GBS screening with intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) in pregnant women were initiated in 2012 in Taiwan. This study aimed to analyze the most recent maternal GBS colonization rate and the changes in neonatal GBS infection rate from 2011 to 2016.Methods
All pregnant women and their live born neonates between January 2011 and June 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. Whether GBS screening was done, screening results, presence of risk factors, the use of antibiotics, and neonatal outcome were analyzed. In addition, hospitalized neonates diagnosed with GBS infections were retrieved for comparison of early onset disease (EOD) (<7 days) and late onset disease (LOD) (≥7 days).Results
A total of 9535 women delivered babies during the study period. The maternal GBS screening rate was 71.0% and the colonization rate was 22.6%. The overall neonatal invasive GBS infection rate was 0.81 per 1000 live births and the vertical transmission rate was 1.2%. After 2012, the invasive neonatal GBS infection rate declined from 1.1–1.6‰ to 0.6–0.7‰ in 2014 and thereafter, the GBS EOD incidence rate declined from 2.8‰ to 0.0–0.6‰, but the LOD incidence rate remained approximately 0.7‰. Infants with EOD had strong association with obstetric risk factors.Conclusions
Taiwan's universal GBS screening with IAP program reduced the incidence rate of neonatal GBS EOD to be lower than 1‰ after 2012. Pediatricians still should pay attention to infants with GBS LOD since its incidence rate remained unchanged. 相似文献19.
20.
Behavioral characteristics of a mouse model of cancer pain 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Pain is a major symptom in cancer patients, and most cancer patients with advanced or terminal cancers suffer from chronic pain related to treatment failure and/or tumor progression. In the present study, we examined the development of cancer pain in mice. Murine hepatocarcinoma cells, HCa-1, were inoculated unilaterally into the thigh or the dorsum of the foot of male C3H/HeJ mice. Four weeks after inoculation, behavioral signs were observed for mechanical allodynia, cold allodynia, and hyperalgesia using a von Frey filament, acetone, and radiant heat, respectively. Bone invasion by the tumor commenced from 7 days after inoculation of tumor cells and was evident from 14 days after inoculation. Cold allodynia but neither mechanical allodynia nor hyperalgesia was observed in mice that received an inoculation into the thigh. On the contrary, mechanical allodynia and cold allodynia, but not hyperalgesia, were developed in mice with an inoculation into the foot. Sometimes, mirror-image pain was developed in these animals. These results suggest that carcinoma cells injected into the foot of mice may develop severe chronic pain related to cancer. This animal model of pain would be useful to elucidate the mechanisms of cancer pain in humans. 相似文献