全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1687篇 |
免费 | 119篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 12篇 |
儿科学 | 61篇 |
妇产科学 | 96篇 |
基础医学 | 239篇 |
口腔科学 | 19篇 |
临床医学 | 345篇 |
内科学 | 249篇 |
皮肤病学 | 21篇 |
神经病学 | 102篇 |
特种医学 | 33篇 |
外科学 | 175篇 |
综合类 | 11篇 |
一般理论 | 2篇 |
预防医学 | 208篇 |
眼科学 | 27篇 |
药学 | 83篇 |
中国医学 | 1篇 |
肿瘤学 | 122篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 16篇 |
2022年 | 22篇 |
2021年 | 46篇 |
2020年 | 37篇 |
2019年 | 56篇 |
2018年 | 50篇 |
2017年 | 41篇 |
2016年 | 31篇 |
2015年 | 40篇 |
2014年 | 57篇 |
2013年 | 121篇 |
2012年 | 119篇 |
2011年 | 105篇 |
2010年 | 59篇 |
2009年 | 65篇 |
2008年 | 94篇 |
2007年 | 108篇 |
2006年 | 91篇 |
2005年 | 77篇 |
2004年 | 65篇 |
2003年 | 73篇 |
2002年 | 90篇 |
2001年 | 22篇 |
2000年 | 21篇 |
1999年 | 19篇 |
1998年 | 14篇 |
1997年 | 10篇 |
1996年 | 8篇 |
1994年 | 14篇 |
1993年 | 6篇 |
1992年 | 19篇 |
1991年 | 9篇 |
1990年 | 17篇 |
1989年 | 11篇 |
1988年 | 10篇 |
1986年 | 5篇 |
1985年 | 10篇 |
1984年 | 10篇 |
1983年 | 11篇 |
1982年 | 5篇 |
1981年 | 8篇 |
1979年 | 14篇 |
1978年 | 12篇 |
1977年 | 6篇 |
1975年 | 8篇 |
1974年 | 7篇 |
1973年 | 6篇 |
1972年 | 7篇 |
1971年 | 5篇 |
1970年 | 10篇 |
排序方式: 共有1806条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
11.
Jacquelyn H. Flaskerud 《Issues in mental health nursing》2013,34(1):5-29
The purpose of this paper is to review the research on the relationships among ethnicity, culture, neuropsychiatric diagnosis, and treatment. Psychiatric nurses provide care to an ethnically and culturally diverse group of clients. Knowledge of ethnic and cultural differences are essential to diagnosis and treatment. Ethnic diversity affects psychiatric diagnosis. Cross-ethnic differences in genetics, diet, environmental exposure, and fetal, childhood, and adolescent development may result in varied experiences of psychiatric illness among ethnic groups. Ethnic diversity also affects psychiatric treatment. There are dramatic ethnic differences in the metabolism of psychotropic medications and the effects of drugs on target organs. These differences are again due to genetic variation, exposure to different diets and environments, and other medications in use. Cultural diversity influences both diagnosis and treatment. Cultural forces shape symptom formation and the expression of distress, creating many sources for misdiagnosis based on DSM-IV criteria. The culture-bound syndromes represent unique illness forms with a natural history distinct from DSM classification. Culture also influences treatment expectations, therapeutic compliance, family involvement, and the interpretation of side effects, all of which help determine whether or not treatment will be effective. Neuropsychiatric nurses can contribute to research by studying cross-ethnic differences and similarities in biological markers of mental illness. A second significant area for research is that of ethnicity and psychotropic drug metabolism and pharmacodynamics. 相似文献
12.
13.
14.
15.
Rebecca Erwin Wells MD MPH Catherine E. Kerr PhD Jennifer Wolkin PhD Michelle Dossett MD PhD Roger B. Davis ScD Jacquelyn Walsh BS Robert B. Wall MDiv MSN Jian Kong MD MPH Ted Kaptchuk Daniel Press MD Russell S. Phillips MD Gloria Yeh MD MPH 《Journal of the American Geriatrics Society》2013,61(4):642-645
16.
Brinkman WM Havermans SY Buzink SN Botden SM Jakimowicz JJ Schoot BC 《Surgical endoscopy》2012,26(8):2172-2178
Introduction
Even though literature provides compelling evidence of the value of simulators for training of basic laparoscopic skills, the best way to incorporate them into a surgical curriculum is unclear. This study compares the training outcome of single modality training with multimodality training of basic laparoscopic skills.Methods
Thirty-six medical students without laparoscopic experience performed six training sessions of 45 min each, one per day, in which four different basic tasks were trained. Participants in the single-modality group (S) (n?=?18) practiced solely on a virtual reality (VR) simulator. Participants in the multimodality group (M) (n?=?18) practiced on the same VR simulator (2x), a box trainer (2x), and an augmented reality simulator (2x). All participants performed a pre-test and post-test on the VR simulator (the four basic tasks?+?one additional basic task). Halfway through the training protocol, both groups performed a salpingectomy on the VR simulator as interim test.Results
Both groups improved their performance significantly (Wilcoxon signed-rank, P?0.05). The performances of group S and group M in the additional basic task and the salpingectomy did not differ significantly (Mann–Whitney U test, P?>?0.05). Group S performed the four basic tasks in the post-test on the VR faster than group M (P?≤?0.05), which can be explained by the fact that they were much more familiar with these tasks.Conclusions
Training of basic laparoscopic tasks on single or multiple modalities does not result in different training outcome. Both training methods seem appropriate for the attainment of basic laparoscopic skills in future curricula. 相似文献17.
Brinkman JM Schwering PJ Blankevoort L Kooloos JG Koolos JG Luites J Wymenga AB 《The Journal of bone and joint surgery. British volume》2005,87(10):1364-1368
We have quantitatively documented the insertion geometry of the main stabilising structures of the posterolateral corner of the knee in 34 human cadavers. The lateral collateral ligament inserted posterior (4.6 mm, sd 2) and proximal (1.3 mm, sd 3.6) to the lateral epicondyle of the femur and posterior (8.1 mm, sd 3.2) to the anterior point of the head of the fibula. On the femur, the popliteus tendon inserted distally (11 mm, sd 0.8) and either anterior or posterior (mean 0.84 mm anterior, sd 4) to the lateral collateral ligament. The popliteofibular ligament inserted distal (1.3 mm, sd 1.2) and anterior (0.5 mm, sd 2.0) to the tip of the styloid process of the fibula.The ligaments had a consistent pattern of insertion and, despite the variation between specimens, the standard deviations were less than the typical size of drill hole used in reconstruction of the posterolateral corner. The data provided in this study can be used in the anatomical repair and reconstruction of this region of the knee. 相似文献
18.
Chaikof EL Lin PH Brinkman WT Dodson TF Weiss VJ Lumsden AB Terramani TT Najibi S Bush RL Salam AA Smith RB 《Annals of surgery》2002,235(6):833-841
OBJECTIVE: The impact of co-morbid conditions on early and late clinical outcomes after endovascular treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) was assessed in concurrent cohorts of patients stratified with respect to risk for intervention. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: As a minimally invasive strategy for the treatment of AAA, endovascular repair has been embraced with enthusiasm for all prospective patients who are suitable anatomical candidates because of the promise of achieving a durable result with a reduced risk of perioperative morbidity and mortality. METHODS: From April 1994 to March 2001, endovascular AAA repair was performed in 236 patients using commercially available systems. A subset of patients considered at increased risk for intervention (n = 123) were categorized, as such, based on a preexisting history of ischemic coronary artery disease, with documentation of myocardial infarction (60%) or congestive heart failure (35%), or due to the presence of chronic obstructive disease (21%), liver disease, or malignancy. RESULTS: Perioperative mortality (30-day) was 6.5% in the increased-risk patients as compared to 1.8% among those classified as low risk (P = NS). There was no difference between groups in age (74 +/- 9 years vs. 72 +/- 6 years; mean +/- SD), surgical time (235 +/- 95 minutes vs. 219 +/- 84 minutes), blood loss (457 +/- 432 mL vs. 351 +/- 273 mL), postoperative hospital stay (4.8 +/- 3.4 days vs. 4.0 +/- 3.9 days), or days in the ICU (1.3 +/- 1.8 days vs. 0.5 +/- 1.6 days). Patients at increased risk of intervention had larger aneurysms than low-risk patients (59 +/- 13 mm vs. 51 +/- 14 mm; P <.05). Stent grafts were successfully implanted in 116 (95%) increased-risk versus 107 (95%) low-risk patients (P = NS). Conversion rates to open operative repair were similar in increased-risk and low-risk groups at 3% and 5%, respectively. The initial endoleak rate was 22% versus 20%, based on the first CT performed (either at discharge or 1 month; P = NS). To date, increased-risk patients have been followed for 17.4 +/- 15 months and low-risk patients for 16.3 +/- 14 months. Kaplan-Meier analysis for cumulative patient survival demonstrated a reduced probability of survival among those patients initially classified as at increased risk for intervention (P <.05, Mantel-Cox test). Both cohorts had similar two-year primary and secondary clinical success rates of approximately 75% and 80%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Early and late clinical outcomes are comparable after endovascular repair of AAA, regardless of risk-stratification. Notably, 2 years after endovascular repair, at least one in five patients was classified as a clinical failure. Given the need for close life-long surveillance and the continued uncertainty associated with clinical outcome, caution is dictated in advocating endovascular treatment for the patient who is otherwise considered an ideal candidate for standard open surgical repair. 相似文献
19.
PURPOSE: To determine whether the bony architecture of the distal radius and proximal scaphoid have a role in stabilizing the scaphoid, and to determine whether a relationship between the bony geometry measurements and the amount of wrist constraint could be determined. METHODS: Eight cadaver wrists were tested in a wrist joint motion simulator. The level of scapholunate instability after sectioning the scapholunate interosseous, radioscaphocapitate, and the scaphotrapezium ligaments was determined and related to radiographic measurements of volar tilt, lateral tilt (ulnar tilt of the radioscaphoid fossa), the depth of the radioscaphoid fossa, and 6 radii of curvature measurements of the proximal scaphoid and distal radius. The force to dorsally dislocate the scaphoid out of the radioscaphoid fossa was computed. RESULTS: The radioscaphoid fossa and scaphoid curvatures were larger in those wrists that did not show gross instability after ligamentous sectioning in the wrist simulator. Similarly, those wrists with a deeper radioscaphoid fossa and greater volar tilt were also more stable. The force required to dislocate these wrists was greater than in those wrists that showed gross carpal instability. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that the bony anatomy of the radius and scaphoid have a role in stabilizing the carpus after ligament injury. The effect of ligament sectioning on producing carpal instability may be moderated by the bone geometry of the radiocarpal joint. This may explain why some people may have a tear of the scapholunate interosseous ligament but not present with clinical symptoms. 相似文献
20.
Wit FW Blanckenberg DH Brinkman K Prins JM van der Ende ME Schneider MM Mulder JW de Wolf F Lange JM;ATHENA Study Group 《AIDS (London, England)》2005,19(3):345-348
We studied the dynamics of CD4 cell counts after the interruption of virologically successful highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in 139 patients. Changes in CD4 cell counts during HAART interruption followed a biphasic pattern: an initial rapid decline during the first month followed by a slow decrease. During 48 weeks of follow-up mean CD4 cell counts remained just above the mean pre-HAART level. This limits the feasibility of structured treatment interruptions for patients with low nadir CD4 cell counts. 相似文献