生物黏附辅料对葛根总黄酮类化合物在Caco-2细胞模型中转运的影响

目的:葛根总黄酮（PTF）可治疗心脑血管疾病，但膜通透性差，口服生物利用度低。一些辅料如卡波姆、壳聚糖和羟丙基甲基纤维素可以提高口服生物利用度。传统的体外评价技术，包括大鼠肠灌流和细胞模型，不能评价PTF整体的吸收机制。方法:本研究评价辅料的黏附性及对PTF在Caco-2细胞单层模型中转运的影响。采用cDNA微阵列测定PTF和PTF+辅料给药后的Caco-2细胞的基因表达变化，从基因水平揭示辅料对PTF整体吸收的影响机制。结果:体外黏附和Caco-2细胞转运实验表明，与单独PTF相比，加入辅料后对胃黏膜具有更高的黏附性，且在Caco-2细胞模型中的转运效率更高。PTF与辅料的相互作用显著改变了某些基因的表达，可能影响PTF的吸收效率。结论:不同的生物黏附聚合物能提高PTF的肠道吸收，可能与ATP结合盒(ABC)和溶质载体转运体(SLC)的表达基因有关。     

功能磁共振技术在推拿科学研究中的应用进展

功能磁共振成像（fMRI）技术出现于20世纪90年代，它集合了神经活动与高分辨率磁共振成像技术，为学者们研究人及动物的脑或脊髓提供了巨大的技术支持。同时，也已成为揭示针灸、推拿等中医疗法发挥全身调节作用、研究针灸推拿在疾病治疗方面的大脑中枢机制提供了重要研究手段。文章通过搜集检索近年来国内外发表与fMRI相关的推拿手法文献，分类整理运用fMRI技术开展的相关研究内容，进一步阐释推拿中枢作用机制的研究进展，就fMRI技术在推拿研究领域的应用作一综述。     

An Adrenal Incidentaloma Diagnosed as Dopamine-Secreting Pheochromocytoma: A Case Report

BackgroundDopamine-secreting pheochromocytomas are exceedingly rare.Case presentationA 28-year-old woman, who was admitted due to 4 hours of acute-onset abdominal pain, detected an adrenal mass incidentally. She was almost asymptomatic without a known family history. Laboratory assessments showed significant increases in dopamine levels of serum and 24-h urinary. By using preoperative a-adrenergic receptor blockers, she developed orthostatic hypotension and palpitations. When she underwent laparoscopic left adrenalectomy, she experienced rapid cyclic fluctuations in systolic blood pressure from 90 mmHg to 200 mmHg. Postoperatively, she exhibited prolonged hypotension, requiring vasopressor therapy and fluid replacement. According to histopathological diagnosis, it was a pheochromocytoma. Dopamine levels in 24-h urine and serum decreased to normal after operation. Analysis of specific gene SDHB, SDHD, RET, VHL and NF1 detected no pathogenic mutations.ConclusionPatients with dopamine-secreting pheochromocytomas are mostly asymptomatic, leading to a significant delay in diagnosis. There is a large possibility for dopamine-secreting pheochromocytomas to show a malignant tendency than the adrenergic and noradrenergic phenotypes. The a-adrenergic receptor blocker is not indicated for preoperative medical treatment because it can cause hypotension and cardiovascular failure. Calcium channel blockers or metyrosine may be better alternatives. All patients with pheochromocytomas should receive targeted genetic testing based on specific clinical features. SDHB, SDHD, RET, VHL and NF1 mutations are suggested for genetic testing of adrenal dopamine-secreting pheochromocytomas.     

Association of Multiple Plasma Biomarker Concentrations with Progression of Prevalent Diabetic Kidney Disease: Findings from the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study

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RhPDCD5 combined with dexamethasone increases antitumor activity in multiple myeloma partially via inhibiting the Wnt signalling pathway

Multiple myeloma (MM) is one of the most common hematological malignancies and characterized by the clonal accumulation of malignant plasma cells. Significant progress has been made in MM treatment recently, while MM still remains incurable. Our previous studies showed that the recombined human programmed cell death 5 (rhPDCD5) can promote MM apoptosis induced by dexamethasone (Dex). Here, we expanded the findings by showing that the rhPDCD5 alone could not induce an obvious growth inhibition of U266 cells (a MM cell line). Of note, with the combination of dexamethasone (Dex), the growth of MM cells was significantly inhibited and accompanied with the cell cycle arrest in G0/G1. For mechanism study, we found that the combination treatment of rhPDCD5 plus Dex downregulated the mRNA and protein expressions of Wnt effectors including β‐catenin, β‐catenin (Ser675), TCF4, survivin and c‐Myc when compared to Dex only. Moreover, the activation of WNT pathway induced by LiCl can also be inhibited by this combination treatment. Taken together, our study demonstrated that the combination of rhPDCD5 and Dex can suppress the proliferation of multiple myeloma cells partially via inhibiting the WNT signalling pathway.     

喹硫平血药浓度监测中血清代用品的研究

考察以牛血清代替人血清制备标准曲线时,使用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）检测喹硫平血药浓度是否存在差异。人、牛血清制备的标准曲线在50.0～1000.0 ng·mL-1浓度范围内斜率存在差异,且在不同基质中患者血药浓度测得值有显著性差异（P＜0.01）。喹硫平在2种基质中的提取回收率也存在显著性差异（P＜0.01）。结果表明,HPLC法测定喹硫平血药浓度时以牛血清代替人血清作为空白基质检测存在差异性。     

生物相关性溶出度方法研究进展

摘要：建立具有生物相关性的溶出度方法目的在于通过理想的体外溶出试验预测体内药代动力学过程。近年来,研究表明在生物相关性溶出介质中选择合适的溶出装置进行溶出试验得到的溶出曲线能较好地反映其在体内的溶出行为,计算机模拟软件可为建立合理的体外溶出度方法提供指导和依据。通过采用合适的生物相关性溶出介质、溶出装置,结合计算机模拟软件可建立A级水平的IVIVC(in vitro-in vivo correlation),可能代替生物等效性研究。     

硫酸核糖霉素分子式中硫酸数目的确定及控制方法的比较

目的：为了确定硫酸核糖霉素分子式中硫酸的数目,并选择适合的方法控制其硫酸盐的含量。方法：建立了高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射法（HPLC-ELSD）对硫酸核糖霉素的硫酸盐（SO4）含量进行测定,并开发出了同样适用的离子色谱电导法（HPIC-CD）进行结果比对。同时采用《中国药典》方法测定硫酸核糖霉素的酸碱度。结果：HPLC-ELSD法,硫酸盐（SO4）在15～250 μg·mL-1范围内线性良好,检测限和定量限分别为0.16 μg和0.25 μg,回收率为101.1%;HPIC-CD法,硫酸盐（SO4）在20～180 μg·mL-1范围内线性良好,检测限和定量限分别为0.17 ng和0.50 ng,回收率为99.8%。结论：两种硫酸盐测定方法,专属性强,灵敏度高,重复性好,测定结果无显著性差异,分子式中硫酸的数目约为1.5,进一步发现,硫酸盐含量和溶液pH值呈显著负相关,并具有一定的线性关系,酸碱度检查可以控制硫酸盐的含量。     

UHPLC-MS/MS测定人血浆中美托洛尔的含量

目的 建立测定人血浆中美托洛尔含量的UHPLC-MS/MS分析方法。方法 采用Agilent RRHD PLUS C₁₈色谱柱（2.1 mm×50 mm,1.8 μm）,0.2%甲酸水溶液-乙腈（68∶32）为流动相。质谱采用电喷雾离子源（ESI）,多反应监测（MRM）,检测离子为正离子,分别选择m/z 268/116、237/194作为美托洛尔和内标（卡马西平）的检测离子对。结果 血浆中美托洛尔在1.012~759.0 ng·mL^-1内线性关系良好（r=0.999 2）。高、中、低浓度美托洛尔的基质效应分别为105.9%,106.1%,106.9%;平均回收率分别为83.0%,99.3%,95.2%。批内精密度RSD≤3.22%,批间精密度RSD≤4.14%。结论 该方法简便、灵敏、快速、准确,适用于血浆中美托洛尔的含量测定。