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991.
The consequences of newer techniques of continuous renal replacement therapy in critically ill patients are not yet fully known. The clinical and biochemical impact of continuous veno-venous hemodiafiltration (CVVHD) was, therefore, prospectively studied in 60 critically ill patients with acute renal failure. Prospective clinical, biochemical, and hematological data were collected from patients receiving CVVHD. Over the initial 24 hours of therapy, CVVHD resulted in a decrease in mean plasma urea from 34.5 mmol/L (95% confidence interval [CI], 29.4 to 39.6) to 25 mmol/L (95% CI, 21.8 to 28.2). With continued CVVHD, the mean plasma urea reached a plateau level of 17.6 mmol/L (95% CI, 15.8 to 19.4) at 72 hours. This degree of azotemia control was achieved with ease and essentially without complications during 8,360 hours of therapy despite the presence of multi-organ failure and the aggressive administration of protein nitrogen (0.25 to 0.35 g/kg/day). No abnormalities of serum electrolytes developed during treatment. Survival to intensive care discharge was 46.6% and to hospital discharge 41.6%, despite a mean Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) Il score at presentation of 27.7. Continuous veno-venous hemodiafiltration offers superior azotemia control and a safe approach to renal replacement therapy in critically ill patients. Its use is associated with a comparatively favorable outcome. CVVHD may be regarded as the treatment of choice in such patients. 相似文献
992.
Neil Hudson Nigel Stansbie Susan Rhind Gillian Brown Ian Handel Richard Mellanby 《Medical teacher》2016,38(2):208-210
A key responsibility of healthcare professionals is the education of clients/patients, colleagues and students undertaking placements. Peer-assisted learning (PAL) has been incorporated in our veterinary medicine programme for a number of years. The aim of this project was to develop a mechanism to formally recognise the important role that students play in the School’s teaching and learning processes and foster students as partners in education through the development of a novel Undergraduate Certificate in Veterinary Medical Education (UCVME). Students and veterinarians were surveyed in order to inform the design of the programme. The programme is modular and aligned with the UK Professional Standards Framework (UKPSF). Students enrol in their third year, undertaking core and elective components, with completion over the final three years of the degree. The UCVME has been positively received, with 30 of 160 third year students enrolling in the programme’s first year. Activities receiving credit and designed in partnership between staff and students have included: PAL sessions, widening participation school educational workshops and client education events. This initiative has created numerous student-driven educational opportunities. It is hoped that this programme will facilitate the educational training of students and enhance employability and career satisfaction. 相似文献
993.
Carl T. Woods Sam Robertson Wade H. Sinclair Neil French Collier 《Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport》2018,21(4):410-415
Objectives
Analysing the dissimilarity of seasonal and team profiles within elite sport may reveal the evolutionary dynamics of game-play, while highlighting the similarity of individual team profiles. This study analysed seasonal and team dissimilarity within the National Rugby League (NRL) between the 2005 to 2016 seasons.Design
Longitudinal.Methods
Total seasonal values for 15 performance indicators were collected for every NRL team over the analysed period (n = 190 observations). Non-metric multidimensional scaling was used to reveal seasonal and team dissimilarity.Results
Compared to the 2005 to 2011 seasons, the 2012 to 2016 seasons were in a state of flux, with a relative dissimilarity in the positioning of team profiles on the ordination surface. There was an abrupt change in performance indicator characteristics following the 2012 season, with the 2014 season reflecting a large increase in the total count of ‘all run metres’ (d = 1.21; 90% CI = 0.56–1.83), ‘kick return metres’ (d = 2.99; 90% CI = 2.12–3.84) and decrease in ‘missed tackles’ (d = ?2.43; 90% CI = ?3.19 to ?1.64) and ‘tackle breaks’ (d = ?2.41; 90% CI = ?3.17 to ?1.62). Interpretation of team ordination plots showed that certain teams evolved in (dis)similar ways over the analysed period.Conclusions
It appears that NRL match-types evolved following the 2012 season and are in a current state of flux. The modification of coaching tactics and rule changes may have contributed to these observations. Coaches could use these results when designing prospective game strategies in the NRL. 相似文献994.
995.
Alisson R. Teles Don Daniel Ocay Abdulaziz Bin Shebreen Andrew Tice Neil Saran Jean A. Ouellet Catherine E. Ferland 《The spine journal》2019,19(4):677-686
BACKGROUND CONTEXT
Although 40% of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients present with chronic back pain, the pathophysiology and underlying pain mechanisms remain poorly understood. We hypothesized that development of chronic pain syndrome in AIS is associated with alterations in pain modulatory mechanisms.PURPOSE
To identify the presence of sensitization in nociceptive pathways and to assess the efficacy of the diffuse noxious inhibitory control in patients with AIS presenting with chronic back pain.STUDY DESIGN
Cross-sectional study.PATIENT SAMPLE
Ninety-four patients diagnosed with AIS and chronic back pain.OUTCOME MEASURES
Quantitative sensory testing (QST) assessed pain modulation and self-reported questionnaires were used to assess pain burden and health-related quality of life.METHODS
Patients underwent a detailed pain assessment using a standard and validated quantitative sensory testing (QST) protocol. The measurements included mechanical detection thresholds (MDT), pain pressure threshold (PPT), heat pain threshold (HPT), heat tolerance threshold (HTT), and a conditioned pain modulation (CPM) paradigm. Altogether, these tests measured changes in regulation of the neurophysiology underlying the nociceptive processes based on the patient's pain perception. Funding was provided by The Louise and Alan Edwards Foundation and The Shriners Hospitals for Children.RESULTS
Efficient pain inhibitory response was observed in 51.1% of patients, while 21.3% and 27.7% had sub-optimal and inefficient CPM, respectively. Temporal summation of pain was observed in 11.7% of patients. Significant correlations were observed between deformity severity and pain pressure thresholds (p=.023) and CPM (p=.017), neuropathic pain scores and pain pressure thresholds (p=.015) and temporal summation of pain (p=.047), and heat temperature threshold and pain intensity (p=.048).CONCLUSIONS
Chronic back pain has an impact in the quality of life of adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis. We demonstrated a high prevalence of impaired pain modulation in this group. The association between deformity severity and somatosensory dysfunction may suggest that spinal deformity can be a trigger for abnormal neuroplastic changes in this population contributing to chronic pain syndrome. 相似文献996.
The term ‘radiosurgery’ (RS) indicates a high precision localized technique of irradiation used as an alternative to surgical excision in patients with malignant or benign conditions, both in the brain and in the body. Brain RS has been historically identified with ‘stereotactic radiotherapy’. The term refers to the long-established neurosurgical technique of localizing the position of a lesion in the brain by using a system of external 3D co-ordinates coupled with rigid head immobilization device (often fixed to the skull). A high dose of radiation is delivered to the target stereotactically identified and a safe and accurate treatment is achieved, minimizing the dose of radiation to the surrounding brain. While for some techniques the traditional stereotactic localization has been replaced by the integration of modern imaging with non-invasive accurate immobilization, the term ‘stereotactic’ is still maintained in the clinical practice. Over the past 30 years, the implementation of powerful diagnostic imaging devices and of new radiotherapy equipment has contributed to the large diffusion of brain RS. RS plays an important role in the management of brain tumours, vascular and functional brain lesions and the expertise of the multidisciplinary treating team (clinical oncologists, neurosurgeons, neuro-radiologists and medical physics) contributes to the treatment success rate. 相似文献
997.
Diana Magee Douglas Cheung Amanda Hird Srikala S. Sridhar Charles Catton Peter Chung Alejandro Berlin Padraig Warde Alexandre Zlotta Neil Fleshner Girish S. Kulkarni 《Canadian Urological Association journal》2022,16(4):E197
IntroductionRadical cystectomy (RC) is the historic gold standard treatment for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), but trimodal therapy (TMT) has emerged as a valid therapeutic option for select patients. Given that prospective clinical trials have been difficult to perform in this area, our aim was to compare these two primary treatment strategies using decision analytic methods.MethodA two-dimensional Markov microsimulation model was constructed using TreeAge Pro to compare RC and TMT for patients with newly diagnosed MIBC. A comprehensive literature search was used to populate model probabilities and utilities. Our primary outcome was quality-adjusted life expectancy (QALE). Secondary outcomes included crude life expectancy (LE) and bladder cancer recurrences. The simulated patient for our model was an adult with MIBC (pT2-4 N0 M0) who was a candidate for either RC or TMT.ResultsA total of 500 000 patients were simulated. TMT resulted in an estimated mean QALE of 7.48 vs. 7.41 for RC. However, the average LE for patients treated with TMT was lower compared with RC (10.20 vs. 10.74 years). A sensitivity analysis evaluating the impact of age showed that younger patients treated with RC had greater QALE and longer LE than those treated with TMT; inverse findings were observed for elderly patients. Overall, 39.4% of patients treated with TMT experienced a bladder recurrence.ConclusionsRC results in a longer LE compared to TMT (0.54 years), but with a lower QALE (−0.07 years). The preferred treatment strategy varied with patient age. 相似文献
998.
Joshua Bakhsheshian Ben A. Strickland Neil N. Patel Andre M. Jakoi Michael Minneti Gabriel Zada Frank L. Acosta Patrick C. Hsieh Jeffrey C. Wang John C. Liu Martin H. Pham 《The spine journal》2017,17(9):1335-1341
Background Context
Watertight dural repair is crucial for both incidental durotomy and closure after intradural surgery.Purpose
The study aimed to describe a perfusion-based cadaveric simulation model with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) reconstitution and to compare spine dural repair techniques.Study Design/Setting
The study is set in a fresh tissue dissection laboratory.Sample Size
The sample includes eight fresh human cadavers.Outcome Measures
A watertight closure was achieved when pressurized saline up to 40?mm?Hg did not cause further CSF leakage beyond the suture lines.Methods
Fresh human cadaveric specimens underwent cannulation of the intradural cervical spine for intrathecal reconstitution of the CSF system. The cervicothoracic dura was then exposed from C7–T12 via laminectomy. The entire dura was then opened in six cadavers (ALLSPINE) and closed with 6-0 Prolene (n=3) or 4-0 Nurolon (n=3), and pressurized with saline via a perfusion system to 60?mm?Hg to check for leakage. In two cadavers (INCISION), six separate 2-cm incisions were made and closed with either 6-0 Prolene or 4-0 Nurolon, and then pressurized. A hydrogel sealant was then added and the closure was pressurized again to check for further leakage.Results
Spinal laminectomy with repair of intentional durotomy was successfully performed in eight cadavers. The operative microscope was used in all cases, and the model provided a realistic experience of spinal durotomy repair. For ALLSPINE cadavers (mean: 240?mm dura/cadaver repaired), the mean pressure threshold for CSF leakage was observed at 66.7 (±2.9) mm?Hg in the 6-0 Prolene group and at 43.3 (±14.4) mm?Hg in the 4-0 Nurolon group (p>.05). For INCISION cadavers, the mean pressure threshold for CSF leakage without hydrogel sealant was significantly higher in 6-0 Prolene group than in the 4-0 Nurolon group (6-0 Prolene: 80.0±4.5?mm?Hg vs. 4-0 Nurolon: 32.5±2.7?mm?Hg; p<.01). The mean pressure threshold for CSF leakage with the hydrogel sealants was not significantly different (6-0 Prolene: 100.0±0.0?mm?Hg vs. 4-0 Nurolon: 70.0±33.1?mm?Hg). The use of a hydrogel sealant significantly increased the pressure thresholds for possible CSF leakage in both the 6-0 Prolene group (p=.01) and the 4-0 Nurolon group (p<.01) when compared with mean pressures without the hydrogel sealant.Conclusions
We described the feasibility of using a novel cadaveric model for both the study and training of watertight dural closure techniques. 6-0 Prolene was observed to be superior to 4-0 Nurolon for watertight dural closure without a hydrogel sealant. The use of a hydrogel sealant significantly improved watertight dural closures for both 6-0 Prolene and 4-0 Nurolon groups in the cadaveric model. 相似文献999.
Nicola Disma Davinia Withington Mary Ellen McCann Rodney Wayne Hunt Sarah Jane Arnup Francesca Izzo Jurgen C. de Graaff Girolamo Mattioli Neil Morton Geoff Frawley Andrew Davidson Anne Lynn Peter Szmuk Joss John Thomas Philip Ragg Alessio Pini Prato 《Journal of pediatric surgery》2018,53(9):1643-1650
1000.
Heterotopic ossification (HO) is the formation of pathological bone in ectopic sites and it can have serious consequences for functional outcomes. For many years, its main clinical relevance was as a rare complication of elective joint arthroplasty or CNS injury and a number of prophylaxes were developed to mitigate against it in these settings. As a consequence of changes in patterns of wounding and survival in conflicts since the turn of the century, post‐traumatic HO has become much more common and case severity has increased. It represents one of the main barriers to rehabilitation in a large cohort of combat‐injured patients. However, extant prophylaxes have not been shown to be effective or appropriate in this patient cohort. In addition, the lack of reliable early detection or means of predicting which patients will develop HO is another barrier to effective prevention. This review examines the current state of understanding of post‐traumatic HO including the historical context, epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical issues, currently prophylaxis and detection, management, and potential future approaches. Our aims are to highlight the current lack of effective means of early detection and prevention of HO after major trauma and to stimulate research into novel solutions to this challenging problem. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:1061–1068, 2018. 相似文献