纸质病案保存期限的思考

本文作者比较了不同时期的纸质病案的使用率,讨论了旧病案的缺点,如难于保存,占用空间及实用价值不大.作者提出了改进保存病案的办法.     

Investigation of cross-infection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in an intensive care unit]

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the factors responsible for Pseudomonas aeruginosa nosocomial cross-infection in the intensive care unit (ICU) and provide effective measure for the prevention and management. METHODS: The homology of 7 Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from the patients in the ICU and the environment was examined by biological, serological, drug-resistance and plasmid analysis. RESULTS: The results of serological and plasmid analyses had good consistency, which demonstrated that the 7 Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains originated from solution in the oxygen humidifier, with uniform serological and plasmid type, and belonged to the same clone with cross-infection by contact between the patients or nursing staff and the objects in the ICU. CONCLUSION: Serological and plasmid analyses are more practical for identifying the sources of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cross-infection, which can be prevented by strict disinfection of the instrument and supervision of the nursing staff in the ICU.     

经皮冠脉介入治疗病人围手术期应用β-受体阻滞剂的作用

目的评价经皮冠脉介入治疗(PCI)前应用β-受体阻滞剂对病人的保护作用。方法对青岛大学医学院附属医院1997~2004年间行PCI治疗病人210例,随机分为β-受体阻滞剂组(105例)及对照组(105例)。分别于术前、术后6~8h及16~24h抽取血标本检测心肌肌酸激酶(CK-MB)、肾上腺素(E)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)值,并随访病人院内、院外1年心脏事件的发生率。结果(1)两组间CK-MB、E、NE值均无统计学意义。同组间,不同时间内CK-MB、E、NE值差异亦无显著性。(2)服β-受体阻滞剂组院内病死率较未服者低(2.1%比4.1%),1年随访β-受体阻滞剂组院内病死率亦较未服者低(5.5%比7.1%)。结论PCI治疗前应用β-受体阻滞剂对病人有保护作用。     

应用蛋白质印迹技术提高癌胚抗原对胆道肿瘤的诊断特异性

目的　采用测定胆汁中癌胚抗原 (CEA)含量并结合蛋白质印迹 (Westernblot)技术排除CEA相关物质的干扰 ,提高CEA检测胆道恶性肿瘤的特异性。方法　对临床可疑为胆道恶性肿瘤的患者采用酶联免疫吸附 (ELISA)法测定其血液、胆汁中CEA含量 ,对胆汁CEA含量升高的患者进一步应用Westernblot半干转移技术区分CEA及CEA相关物质。结果　所有CEA含量升高的胆道恶性肿瘤患者的胆汁经Westernblot检测均表现为包含有一条相对分子质量为 2 10 0 0 0的特异条带 ,而胆道良性疾病患者既使其CEA含量高于正常也均不含有该条带。结论　采用Westernblot技术检测胆汁CEA可排除CEA相关物质的干扰 ,提高CEA检测胆道恶性肿瘤的特异性。     

自发性食管破裂的诊断和外科治疗

目的:探讨自发性食管破裂的诊断和外科治疗。方法 :对 14例自发性食管破裂患者的诊断、治疗方法及治疗结果进行回顾性分析。结果:本组确诊时间 2 4 h以内者仅 2例 ,确诊时间大于 2 4 h者 12例 ;一期食管修补、带蒂胸膜覆盖术 3例 ,治愈 1例 ,治疗失败 2例 (其中 1例死亡 ,1例延期行结肠代食管术后治愈 ) ;行破裂段食管切除、胃 -食管吻合术的 5例全部治愈 ;保守治疗 6例 ,治愈及死亡各 3例。结论:早期诊断自发性食管破裂是提高疗效、降低病死率的关键。发病 2 4 h以上者 ,如全身情况允许 ,破裂段食管切除、胃 -食管吻合术的疗效较好。     

高压氧对冠心病患者C-反应蛋白的影响

目的　了解高压氧(HBO)治疗对冠心病患者C 反应蛋白 (CRP)的影响。方法　冠心病患者共 60例,随机分为HBO治疗组(HBO组)30例和对照组 30例。HBO治疗压力 0. 2MPa,每日 1次,每周 6次,共治疗 4周。比较治疗前后两组CRP的测定结果。结果　HBO组治疗后CRP与治疗前差异有显著性意义(P<0. 001);治疗后两组CRP差异有显著性意义(P<0. 001);治疗前两组CRP差异无显著性意义(P>0. 05);对照组治疗前后CRP差异无显著性意义 (P>0. 05)。结论　HBO治疗可显著降低冠心病患者的CRP含量。     

小儿急性肺损伤的短期肺功能随访

Objective To study the pulmonary functions of pediatric ALI/ARDS(acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome) survivors. Method A prospective cohort study of all survivors of ALI/ARDS in the PICU of Beijing Children's Hospital was performed. Patients were divided into three groups(0-3 years of age,3 ～ 7 years of age, and over 7 years of age) and followed up three months after diagnosis. Results There were 36 survivors in total of 44 ALl patients, three patients lost follow-up, 12 died and 21 survived. Five survivors refused to participate in the study because of asymptomatic, and one was unable to participate because of lymphoma com-bined with sepsis. A total of 15 children completed the whole survey (11 patients were less than 3 years old, andfour were over 7 years of age). Twelve patients had no discomfort in their respiratory tracts. Three months after be-ing enrolled, the pulmonary functions of all children improved, especially in terms of tidal volume and respiratory compliance (P<0.05). Conclusions The abnormal respiratory symptoms and signs in most children disap-peared three months after discharge. Most survivors still have pulmonary dysfunction at 3 monthes after discharge, but better than discharge.     

选择性输卵管造影与再通术在诊治阻塞性不孕中的价值(附200例报告)

目的 :评价选择性输卵管插管造影 (SSG)及再通术 (FTR)在输卵管阻塞性不孕中的诊治价值。材料和方法 :先经宫颈对常规子宫、输卵管造影 (HSG)显示输卵管阻塞的 2 0 0例不孕妇女的 380条输卵管进行插管 ,采用选择性插管至输卵管开口处推注 76 %泛影葡胺造影 ,对证实阻塞者行导丝再通术 ,术后随访 2～ 4个月。结果 :插管成功率 99% ,无严重并发症 ,复通率 90 % ,妊娠率 2 1% (4 2 / 2 0 0 )。结论 :SSG和FTR是目前诊治输卵管阻塞性不孕的最好方法     

高原低氧对大鼠学习记忆影响的实验研究

目的：研究高原低氧环境对大鼠学习记忆的影响。方法：利用新生大鼠低氧模型和胎鼠低氧模型，采用爬杆实验和Morris水迷宫实验进行检测.结果：爬杆实验中习得的速度减慢，消退速度加快。Morris水迷宫实验中逃避潜伏期延长，撤除平台后跨越平台次数减少。结论：高原低氧环境下大鼠的学习记忆能力受到抑制，可能与长期低氧后海马NMDA受体数量和功能的下降有关。