Evaluation of X-Ray Projection Angulation for Successful Radix Entomolaris Diagnosis in Mandibular First Molars In Vitro

Introduction

The aim of this study was to evaluate the radiographic features of permanent three-rooted mandibular first molars with radix entomolaris (RE), investigate the correlation between anatomical classification and radiographic type of RE, and to determine the most effective horizontal beam angulation for the diagnosis of RE.

Methods

Twenty-five extracted mandibular first permanent molars with RE were selected for taking radiographs in 7 horizontal angulations. By using set criteria, 3 evaluators assessed morphologic and radiographic features of the RE and optimum beam angulation for RE diagnosis. Intraexaminer variability was analyzed with Cohen kappa test.

Results

Three types of curvature of RE presented with 3 distinct types of typical radiographic appearance on orthoradial radiographs. We classified the radiographic features of RE into 3 types, as follows: type i, type ii, and type iii. Seven teeth showed type i radiographic features. Zero-degree, 5-degree, 15-degree, and 25-degree radiographs were significantly better than the mesially angulated -15-degree and -25-degree images for detecting the type i RE images (P < .05). Fifteen-degree, 25-degree, and -25-degree horizontal beam angulations showed significantly more accurate diagnoses of RE in 8 type ii images (P < .05). Only 25-degree-angled radiographs were found to have a high diagnostic yield of type iii RE images (P < .05). A significant correlation was found between morphologic and radiographic types of RE (P < .05, contingency coefficient = 0.473). Intraexaminer variability was low, with kappa = 0.68 (P < .05).

Conclusions

RE presents 3 types of typical radiographic features on orthoradial radiographs. Additional 25-degree mesial horizontal-angled radiographs are essential for preoperative identification and evaluation of RE, especially types ii and iii.     

Effect of biofilm formation on virulence factor secretion via the general secretory pathway in Streptococcus mutans

Objectives

To investigate the role of SecA in protein secretion, and to evaluate the effect of biofilm formation on protein secretion in Streptococcus mutans.

Design

S. mutans strains UA159 and GS-5 were used in this study. Cells grown in biofilm and planktonic conditions were observed using immunogold electron microscopy. The mRNA levels of ftf, gtfB, gtfC, gtfD, Pac and secA were analysed in different growth conditions using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The levels of wall proteins and whole-cell protein extracts were examined using Western blot analysis.

Results

A microdomain colocalised with SecA and virulence factors such as Pac (AgI/II) and glucosyltransferase (GTF) was observed. The mRNA level of secA was upregulated in the biofilm condition. The level of protein expression of SecA and wall protein levels of GTF, fructosyltransferase (FTF) and Pac (AgI/II) in the biofilm condition were significantly higher than in the planktonic condition.

Conclusions

These data suggest that S. mutans utilises the Sec pathway to secrete virulence factor proteins such as Pac (AgI/II), GTF and FTF, and protein secretion occurred at a distinct microdomain. The level of SecA, the key factor in the Sec pathway, was influenced significantly by biofilm formation in S. mutans.     

变形链球菌表面蛋白和葡糖基转移酶基因疫苗防龋动物实验:Keyes龋齿计分研究

目的 :了解变形链球菌基因疫苗 pcDNA3 pac和 pcDNA3 gtfB的免疫防龋效果。 方法 :2 8d龄Wistar大鼠 3 6只 ,随机分为pcDNA3 pac组 (A组 )、pcDNA3 gtfB组 (B组 )、pcDNA3 pac联合 pcDNA3 gtfB组 (C组 )、变形链球菌灭活全菌组 (D组 )、pcDNA3空载体组 (E组 )和PBS液组 (F组 )进行 3次双侧颌下腺腺周注射免疫。建立定菌鼠模型 ,诱龋 3个月 ,根据Keyes经典评分方法从龋损范围及深度进行龋损综合评估和比较。结果 :龋损牙面计分在 pcDNA3与PBS组最高 ,其次为单基因疫苗免疫组 ,联合免疫和灭活全菌细胞最低 (P <0 .0 1或P <0 .0 5 ) ;窝沟龋各级计分 :E级龋在单基因疫苗组 ,联合疫苗组、灭活全菌细胞组无区别 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,而PBS组和 pcDNA3组则较低 (P <0 .0 1) ;Dm级、Ds级则是联合免疫组与灭活全菌细胞组最低 ,单基因疫苗免疫组较高而PBS和 pcDNA3组最高 (P <0 .0 1或P <0 .0 5 ) ;Dx级四个免疫组发生率很低或不发生 ,显著低于PBS组和pcDNA3组 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :重组质粒pcDNA3 gtfB和pcDNA3 pac具显著有效的免疫防龋作用 ,以联合基因疫苗免疫最好 ,是理想的防龋决策之一。     

口腔颌面部肿瘤化疗方案药物敏感性试验

尊文以人舌鳞癌细胞系Ｔｃａ８１１３为对象，利用ＭＴＴ法对口腔颌面部肿瘤化疗常用的八种药物和七种方案进行了药敏试验，ＡＤＭ、５－Ｆｕ、ＣＤＤＰ等抗肿瘤作用较强；而ＰＹＭ、ＭＴＸ、ＶＣＲ单用对Ｔｃａ８１１３细胞无明显作用。化疗方案中以ＭＭＢＤ、ＰＦ、ＰＶＰ方案为佳，卡铂与顺铂在此疗方案中的作用无明显差异。实验结果提示：肿瘤化疗不能只凭经验用药，应注意化疗的耐药性问题。     

三种不同弓丝结扎方式的椅旁时间对比研究

目的通过测量三种不同弓丝结扎方式的椅旁时间,说明SPEED矫治系统自锁结扎能减少椅旁时间,提高工作效率.方法选取采用SPEED托槽自锁结扎、MBT托槽不锈钢丝结扎及MBT托槽橡皮圈结扎的患者各20例.测量患者上下颌的拆、结扎时间,并进行对比分析.结果SPEED自锁托槽弹簧夹的开闭合总时间平均为60.81s,MBT托槽不锈钢结扎丝的拆、扎总时平均为345.69s,MBT托槽橡皮圈的拆、扎总时平均为242.88s.经统计学分析,三者之间均有显著性差异(p＜0.001).结论SPEED矫治器能大大地提高医生的工作效率,很有必要在病人多,医生少的中国进行推广.     

常用口腔医学英语缩略语及其意义Ⅱ口腔医学及其主要相关学科期刊刊名略语

由于刊名缩写简明，达意，节省籍幅，故而在国内外口腔医学及相关学科专业期刊参考文献中广泛采纳。通常在临床，教学及科研中，因某种目的常需从一篇原始文章或综述的参考文献中查找引用文献，无疑需要具备辨认参考文献中的刊名缩写，理解其全意的能力，     

变形链球菌母子传播与其对牙面初始粘附关系的研究

目的:探索变形链球菌母子传播与其对牙面初始粘附能力的关系。方法:首先以AP-PCR检测Mutans streptococci(MS)在20对3~4岁儿童和母亲之间的传播,并从母亲口腔中筛选出传播株和非传播株;再采用同位素标记法,检测传播株和非传播株对SHA的粘附差异,同时对其表面蛋白粘附功能区spap-a和spap-pv分别用限制性内切酶haeⅢ和AluⅠ进行RFLP分析。结果:传播株较非传播株具有较弱的粘附力(P<0.01),spap-a和spap-pv经酶切后分别呈现的3种和2种基因型在传播和非传播人群的MS中分布不同(P<0.01)。结论:初始粘附能力弱的菌株被传播的可能性较大,不同MS株传播能力的差异可能与其表面蛋白A区,PV区的基因多态性有关。     

Examination of the signal transduction pathways leading to upregulation of tissue type plasminogen activator by Porphyromonas endodontalis in human pulp cells

AIM: To investigate the tissue type plasminogen activator (t-PA) activity in human pulp cells stimulated with Porphyromonas endodontalis (P. endodontalis) in the absence or presence of p38 inhibitor SB203580, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor U0126 and phosphatidylinositaol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002. METHODOLOGY: The supernatants of P. endodontalis were used to evaluate t-PA activity in human pulp cells using casein zymography and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Furthermore, to search for possible signal transduction pathways, SB203580, U0126 and LY294002 were added to test how they modulated the t-PA activity. RESULTS: The main casein secreted by human pulp cells migrated at 70 kDa and represented t-PA. Secretion of t-PA was found to be stimulated with P. endodontalis during 2-day cultured period (P < 0.05). From the results of casein zymography and ELISA, SB203580 and U0126 significantly reduced the P. endodontalis stimulated t-PA production respectively (P < 0.05). However, LY294002 lacked the ability to change the P. endodontalis stimulated t-PA production (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Porphyromonas endodontalis enhances t-PA production in human pulp cells, and the signal transduction pathways p38 and MEK are involved in the inhibition of t-PA.