Assessing Empathy in Anesthesia Residents with the Chinese Version of the Consultation and Relational Empathy: A Pilot Standardized Patient Program

Objectives To validate the reliability of the Chinese version of the Consultation and Relational Empathy (CARE) in physician-standardized patient (SP) encounter. We also tried to examine the agreement between video-based ratings and in-room ratings, as well as the agreement between the faculty ratings and SP ratings. Methods The CARE was translated into Chinese. Forty-eight anesthesia residents were recruited to make preoperative interview in SP-counter. Performance of each resident was graded by in-room raters, video raters and SP raters. Consistency between different raters was examined. Results The Chinese-CARE measure demonstrated high scale reliability with a Cronbach's alpha value of 0.95 and high consistency in the in-room ratings in intraclass correlation (coefficient=0.888, P<0.001). Despite a good consistency in intraclass correlation, video ratings were significantly higher than in-room ratings (39.6±7.1 vs. 24.0±10.0, P<0.001), and Wilcoxon signed-rank test indicated that the pass/fail rate was significantly higher based on video ratings than based on in-room ratings (45/48 vs. 22/48, P<0.001). SP ratings had a moderate consistency with in-room faculty ratings (coefficient=0.568, P<0.001), and there was no significant difference between the pass/fail rates based on the in-room ratings and SP ratings (22/48 vs. 28/48, P=0.12). Conclusions The Chinese-CARE measure is reliable in the assessment of empathy during preoperative anesthesia interview. In-room and video ratings are not equivalent, while SP may provide a feasible alternative for the faculty rater in the assessment of communication skills with an appropriate measure.     

The polymorphism of ARNTL2 (BMAL2) gene rs2306074 C>T is associated with susceptibility of Alzheimer disease in Chinese population

In the present study, we investigated whether polymorphism of ARNTL2 (BMAL2) gene rs2306074 T/C was associated with susceptibility of Alzheimer disease (AD) in Chinese population. A case–control method was employed in this study. 296 unrelated AD patients and 423 control subjects were recruited in current study. The prevalence of C carriers in BMAL2 gene rs2306074 T/C in AD patients was significantly higher than that of control subjects in both the whole sample and APOE ε 4 non-carriers (in the whole sample: χ ² = 5.938, P = 0.012; in APOE ε 4 non-carriers: χ ² = 9.048, P < 0.0001). In addition, both in the whole sample and APOE ε 4 non-carriers, prevalence of CC genotypes in BMAL2 gene rs2306074 of AD patients was also significantly higher than that in controls (in the whole sample: χ ² = 5.126, P = 0.018; in APOE ε 4 non-carriers: χ ² = 7.389, P = 0.023). However, there was no significant difference of prevalence of C carriers and CC genotypes in BMAL2 gene rs2306074 T/C between AD patients and control subjects among APOE ε 4 carriers (C carriers: χ ² = 0.020, P = 0.900; CC genotypes: χ ² = 0.017, P = 0.946). C carriers in BMAL2 gene rs2306074 T/C are associated with a high susceptibility of AD among APOE ε 4 non-carriers but not among APOE ε 4 carriers in Chinese population.     

The early and mid-term results of mitral valve repair for mitral regurgitation in children

Purpose

To review the surgical techniques and mid-term results of mitral valve repair in children with moderate or severe mitral regurgitation (MR).

Methods

One hundred and seven children with moderate or severe MR, aged 19.6 ± 8.5 months, were enrolled in this study. The surgical techniques used for mitral valve repair varied according to the mitral valve morphology, and included annuloplasty, annuloplasty ring, cleft closure, reconstruction of the posterior leaflet, etc. The concomitant cardiac anomalies were treated simultaneously. The results of repair were evaluated by transesophageal echocardiography performed during the operation and by serial transthoracic echocardiography performed during the follow-up.

Results

One hundred and six cases had no more than mild regurgitation intraoperatively, whereas only one case had moderate regurgitation. This patient underwent redo repair immediately, and the subsequent regurgitation was trivial. The in-hospital mortality rate was 0.9 % (1/107). The average follow-up was 46.5 ± 8.2 months. One patient died of heart failure 10 months postoperatively. The freedom from moderate or severe regurgitation after mitral valve repair was 92.3 ± 3.3 %.

Conclusion

Pediatric patients with moderate or severe MR require early surgical treatment. The early and mid-term results of mitral valve repair in pediatric patients were satisfactory.     

Clinical cohort study on renal pathological features and prognosis of type 2 diabetic kidney disease patients

Objective To analyze the relationship between renal pathological characteristics and clinical prognosis in type 2 diabetic kidney disease patients, and discuss predictive value of pathological type and indexes for renal function declining rate and related outcome events. Methods Ninety-two type 2 diabetes patients from PUMC Hospital (with macroalbuminuria and followed up no less than 6 months, excluding patients with non-diabetic renal disease) were divided into typical diabetic glomerulopathy group (DG, n=51) and atypical diabetes-related renal disease group(ADRD, n=41) according to renal pathological findings. A retrospective cohort study was performed to investigate renal pathological features and prognosis. Results Total of 29 renal outcome events and 12 death events occurred in DG group and none in ADRD group; the survival rate and kidney survival rate are different between two groups (P＜0.05); DG group, thick GBM, severe vascular and tubular lesion are predicative indicators for renal outcome event; mesangial volume fraction is predicative indicator for renal outcome events independent of age and serum creatinine. Conclusions DG and ADRD patients have different prognosis and might undergo different pathophysiological mechanisms; renal pathological type and mesangial volume fraction could help predicting outcomes of type 2 diabetic nephropathy patients.     

血管内超声指导下冠状动脉左主干介入治疗的护理配合

对42例冠状动脉左主干病变患者在血管内超声检查术（IVUS）与主动脉球囊反搏术（IABP）辅助下行冠状动脉左主干介入诊疗术.结果 42例均植入药物涂层支架,介入手术成功率100%,未发生心脏骤停,左主干内膜撕裂等严重并发症.出院时心功能Ⅰ～Ⅱ级.提出护理人员熟练掌握IVUS及IABP的工作原理及操作方法,熟练护理配合可有效提高介入治疗成功率.