Acute fulminant invasive fungal sinusitis]

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the clinical presentation, diagnostic criterion and treatment principle of acute fulminant invasive fungal rhinosinusitis (AFFS). METHODS: Six patients were diagnosed as AFFS based on history, nose, especially eye symptoms with or without fever, sinus CT and MRI, endoscopic and cytological findings in the nasal cavity. Surgical debridement was performed on 5 of 6 biopsy proven AFFS patients, one of them being amputated of the orbital content. With the original disease controlled simultaneously, 4 of 5 patients were prescribed with systemic amphotericin B or liposomal amphotericin B (1 case) and one with Itraconazole orally. One patient had not been involved with any of the anti-fungi measures. RESULT: Mucor (Zygomycetes) was identified on culture in 1 patient, Rhizopus species in 2, Aspergillus in 1, Alternaria in 1 and mixed Mucor and Rhizopus in 1. All patients were proved of tissue invasion histopathologically through biopsy. One patient died without any anti-fungi therapy on the 7th admission day, 3 patients survived for 88 days, 32 and 6 months respectively and died of original diseases (diabetes 1, leukaemia 2). One patient survived 9 months and lost for follow-up, 1 patient survived 11 months after treatment. CONCLUSION: A high index of suspicion and early endoscopic investigation through nasal cavity with fungal investigation should highly be strengthened for recognition of this disease. MRI findings should be considered as, or even more, important as that of CT scan on the early diagnoses. Extensive and aggressive surgical debridement, prompt and enough dosage of antifungal therapy intravenously, together with serious controlling of the underlying disease, all take important roles in the complete control of the disease.     

小儿耳蜗植入后电诱发复合动作电位的阈值及其临床应用

目的：研究应用神经反应遥测（neural response telemetry,NRT)技术，测试电诱发复合动作电位（electrically-evoked compound action potential,ECAP)阈值以指导小儿人工耳蜗映射调图的策略与时机。方法：应用NRT3．0软件对辐值增长函数进行线性拟合，确定ECAP阈值。比较6例儿童植入者在术后1、2、3个月ECAP阈值的变化，同时比较了7例儿童术中、术后ECAP阈值的差异。结果：ECAP幅值增长函数在接近阈值或进入饱和时不再呈线性。术后ECAP阈值保持稳定。各导电极的术中ECAP阈值比术后阈值平均高约15CL，二者有显著性相关（R2＝0．9154）。结论：应选取幅值增长函数的直线段部分进行拟合以确定ECAP阈值。术后应用ECAP阈值指导小儿映射调图时，测试一次ECAP阈值即可。术中ECAP阈值可用作开机时映射图的C值。     

少年儿童鼻内镜手术远期疗效及相关临床因素探讨

目的 探讨接受内镜鼻窦手术少年儿童鼻窦炎患者的疗效及影响疗效的相关因素。方法 接受内镜鼻窦手术的少年儿童鼻窦炎性疾病患者268例(432侧)，年龄3～17岁，平均14．3岁，男186例，女82例。全身麻醉176例，局部麻醉12例。188例(305侧)术后随访超过1年，占病例总数70．1％。随访在鼻内镜下进行，以黏膜表面麻醉为主。术后综合治疗包括：清理术腔、鼻腔冲洗、抗生素、激素、黏液促排剂及免疫调节剂等。结果 慢性鼻窦炎89例(147侧)，慢性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉86例(142侧)，鼻窦黏液囊肿13例(16侧)。治愈132例(70．2％)，好转43例(22．9％)，无效13例(6．9％)。术后头痛缓解率93．1％(175／188)，其次为鼻堵为85．1％(160／188)，脓涕60．1％(113／188)。11例手术前后无变化，2例症状较术前加重。术前56例失嗅者，术后34例(60．7％)改善或恢复。术后症状完全缓解123／188例(65．4％)，部分缓解52／188例(27．7％)，总有效率为93．1％。8例(4．3％)接受再手术。结论 少儿慢性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉内镜鼻窦手术远期疗效满意，应重视术中黏膜合理取舍和积极处理中鼻甲；随访质量为影响手术远期疗效重要因素。患者就医和手术前是否进行了规范药物治疗为手术适应证重要前提。     

The surgical treatment for degenerative disease of the ankle

Although a variety of surgical techniques are available for the surgical treatment of early degenerative disease of the ankle, arthrodesis remains the preferred treatment for severe cases. We studied 126 ankles with an average follow up of 39 months of whom 25 with early disease underwent debridement and cheilectomy, 18 with intermediate disease underwent lower tibial osteotomy and 83 with severe disease underwent either arthrodesis (78) or total ankle replacement (5). In 96% of cases there was a satisfactory functional outcome.     

HPLC法测定利肝隆冲剂中五味子醇甲的含量

目的：修订利肝隆冲剂的质量标准。方法：用HPLC法测定五味子醇甲的含量。结果：五味子醇甲在0.08-1.20μg范围内呈良好的线性关系，r=0.9991，平均回收率99．3％，RSD为1．1％。结论：所建立的方法简便可行，重现性好，为利肝隆冲剂质量控制提供了方法。     

195例强戒人员使用联邦止咳露调查研究

目的：了解联邦止咳露是否有成瘾和滥用倾向。方法：采用匿名问卷调查方式对温州市公安局强制戒毒所195名强制戒毒人员使用联邦止咳露情况及购药方式作了调查。结果：22人使用过联邦止咳露，其中男13例，使用率为6.7%，女9例，使用率为4.6%，总使用率为11.3%，全部口服。其使用动机：10人用于替代海洛因，1人用于替代“K”粉（氯胺酮），7人滥用，4人用于治疗咳嗽。22人中连续服用联邦止咳露每天1瓶超过3天以上的有15人，最长的4个月，最短的3天，平均21.5天，4人有醉感，5人有欣快感，3人有轻飘飘感，2人有兴奋，1人无感觉，最长的4个月停药后有稽延症状，心烦、睡眠差。联邦止咳露大多数来自药店和私人诊所，个别是从娱乐场所购买。结论：联邦止咳露有成瘾性，因此戒毒须慎重。     

11个单环β-内酰胺类化合物的合成及其抗菌活性初探

根据单环β—内酰胺类化合物定量构效关系研究的结果提示，以N-苄基-3(S)-邻苯二甲酰亚胺基-4(S)-[4(S)-2，2-二甲基-1，3二氧环戊-4-基]-2-氧吖丁啶为原料，设计合成了11个新的单环β—内酰胺类化合物，其结构经MS、^1H—NMR或IR所确证，并测定了它们的体外抗菌活性，结果表明，它们均有抗菌作用，但抗菌活性低于对照品。     

短音诱发听性脑干反应的特性观察

目的 了解短音（tone pip）诱发的听性脑干反应（TP－ABR）的特征及其各频率反应阈与纯音听阈的关系。方法 对正常听力青年人30耳分别采用短声（click）、短音（0.5、1、2、4、6、8kHz）测试，记录各自不同强度下ABR的波形，观察V波潜伏期的改变。结果 tone pip与常规click声诱发的ABR极为相似，均有很高的可重复性和可靠性；ABR反应阈均较其主观听阈高，尤其是频率越低，反应阈越高，低频个体差异较大；随频率（0.5-8kHz）和强度（40－120dB peSPL）增加Ⅰ波Ⅴ潜伏期递减；各频率的反应阈与音听阈均有较好的相关性。结论 短音刺激记录的TP－ABR具有频率特性，其反应阈在相应频率的客观听力评估中有应用价值。     

Clinical characteristics of patients with thyrotropin-secreting pituitary adenoma.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Thyroid-stimulating hormone (thyrotropin, TSH)-secreting pituitary adenoma is a very rare cause of hyperthyroidism. Diagnosis of this condition is often delayed due to lack of availability of TSH radioimmunoassay (RIA), the failure to recognize the utility of RIA and the incorrect attribution of the condition to other causes of thyrotoxicosis. This retrospective study analyzed the clinical characteristics of patients with this disorder treated from 1991 to 2002. METHODS: Seven patients (6 females, 1 male; mean age, 48 years; range, 33 to 72 years) with a diagnosis of TSHsecreting pituitary adenoma based on detectable TSH levels with high serum free thyroid hormone or triiodothyronine concentrations and pituitary lesions found on neuroimaging were included in this study. Patient records including clinical features, endocrine studies, immunohistochemistry studies, and response to treatment were reviewed. RESULTS: All 7 patients had hyperthyroidism, elevated free thyroxine or triiodothyronine levels, and unsuppressed levels of TSH. Imaging studies demonstrated a pituitary mass or lesion in all patients. Six patients had macroadenomas and 1 patient had a microadenoma. One of the patients had coexisting acromegalic features and hypersecretion of growth hormone was diagnosed. All of the patients had been treated with thionamides or thyroidectomy for presumed primary hyperthyroidism. Serum alpha-subunit level was uncharacteristically normal in 2 patients and elevated in 1 patient. Alpha-subunit/TSH molar ratios were elevated in 3 patients. Five patients underwent transsphenoidal adenomectomy but only one of them remained well-controlled at follow-up. Three patients received administration of somatostatin analogs and they achieved normalization of serum TSH and free thyroid hormones during the period of therapy. CONCLUSIONS: TSH immunoassay has an important role in the evaluation of hyperthyroid patients to determine the presence of inappropriate secretion. TSH-secreting pituitary adenoma exhibits heterogeneity in clinical presentation, hormonal expression and therapeutic response.     

A Survey on Injury Incidence in School Children in Shantou City, China

INTRODUCTION Injury is emerging as the most important preventable cause of death and disability in children beyond the first few months of life[1,2]. In China, injury has become a leading cause of death in children over one year[2]. In addition, injuries …