髋臼骨折20例手术治疗效果的分析

目的：探讨髋臼骨折的诊断、不同手术入路和方法的关系,以提高髋臼骨折的诊疗水平。方法：对20例髋臼骨折患者,按照Letournel-Judet分型,髋臼后壁骨折4例,后柱骨折6例,前壁骨折1例,前柱骨折2例,横行骨折2例,双柱骨折5例,均采用手术治疗。根据不同骨折类型采用不同的手术入路进行复位,以重建钢板和螺钉固定。结果：术后骨折复位质量按Matta影像学评定：解剖复位11例,良好复位8例,不满意复位1例。根据Merled’Aubigne和Postel评分标准：临床疗效优良率为85.0%,优12例,良5例,一般2例,差1例。结论：手术治疗是髋臼骨折的有效治疗方法,合适的手术时机,选择最佳手术入路,准确复位以及早期功能锻炼是治疗的关键。     

挫伤性晶状体半脱位继发青光眼的临床治疗

目的探讨挫伤性晶状体半脱位继发青光眼的临床治疗效果。方法回顾性分析12例晶状体半脱位继发青光眼的临床资料和治疗方法。结果 12例患者经药物和手术治疗后,眼压恢复正常,视力有不同程度提高。结论根据青光眼的不同眼部体征,采用不同的治疗方法如药物治疗、前房穿刺放液、单纯小梁切除术或联合手术,取得了较好的治疗效果,眼压得到有效控制,视力提高,病情稳定。     

延吉机场口岸鼠类种群、季节消长及其体表寄生虫调查

目的掌握延吉机场口岸鼠类的种群构成、季节消长、体外寄生虫情况,为口岸传染病监测和媒介生物控制提供依据。方法采用ELTON夹夜法,每月下旬连放3天,连续12个月,对该口岸鼠类的种群构成、季节消长、体外寄生虫进行调查。结果本次调查共捕获鼠类150只,隶属2目4科7属8种。蚤80匹,螨23只。黑线姬鼠为优势种,占64%;该口岸年平均鼠密度为4.18%,密度变化呈双高峰,7月和8月分别为8.08%和8.25%,10月为12.9%;鼠体平均染蚤率为27.33%,平均蚤指数0.53;鼠体平均染螨率为6.67%,平均螨指数0.15。结论延吉机场口岸鼠密度高于国境口岸医学媒介生物控制标准,鼠密度高峰期正处于该地区流行性出血热高发季节,应经常开展防鼠灭鼠工作,防止有关传染病的发生和流行。     

超声心动图对高血压并阵发性心房颤动患者左心功能的评估价值

目的：超声心动图对高血压并阵发性心房颤动患者左心室功能的评估价值。方法：入选2018年1月～2019年12月本院收治的50例高血压并阵发性心房颤动患者作为观察组,另同期选择50例健康体检人员作为对照组,对两组受检者均进行超声心动图诊断,分析诊断效果。结果：观察组左心房前后径、左右径、上下径均大于对照组,（P<0.05）。观察组高血压并阵发性心房颤动患者左室收缩末容积和舒张末容积高于对照组,P<0.05。观察组LAEF、LVAmax、LVAmin高于对照组、LVEF低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：高血压患者的左室舒适功能相对较低,舒张功能障碍会出现在心肌肥厚之前,而心肌肥厚者EF较低,此时说明患者还存在收缩功能下降的表现,通过超声心动图检查,在血流多普勒、组织多普勒检查中,可以评估患者的左心室功能,因此,超声心动图对高血压并阵发性心房颤动患者的左心室功能具有较高评估价值。     

应用步进式扫描降低腰椎CT辐射剂量的研究

目的 探讨步进式扫描应用于腰椎CT扫描以降低辐射剂量的可行性及其临床应用价值。方法 应用体模进行基础研究,设计出可应用于腰椎扫描的新程序并得出相应扫描参数。将需行腰椎扫描的患者200例,随机分为步进式扫描组(实验组A、B)和螺旋扫描组(对照组C、D),各50例。实验组应用步进式扫描新程序进行扫描,A组为常规剂量扫描,管电压120 kV,管电流300 mAs;B组为低剂量扫描,管电压120 kV,管电流200 mAs。对照组应用螺旋扫描,C组为常规剂量扫描,管电压120 kV,管电流300 mAs,螺距0.993;D组为低剂量扫描,管电流200 mAs,余参数同C组。各组均采用标准重建算法,准直128×0.625,重建层厚1 mm,重建层间隔0.5 mm,FOV 180 mm。分别记录各组辐射剂量指数(CTDI)及有效剂量(ED),原始图像及重建图像均传输至PACS,由诊断医师对所扫图像的质量进行盲法评分(5分制)。应用SPSS统计软件对实验组和对照组的辐射剂量和质量评分进行统计分析。结果 实验组病人所受辐射剂量均低于对照组,实验组A剂量(7.16 mSv)低于对照组C(7.96±0.2 mSv)10%,实验组B剂量(4.77 mSv)低于对照组D(5.55±0.1 mSv)14%(P<0.05),实验组B剂量(4.77 mSv)低于对照组C(7.96±0.23mSv)40%。实验组A图像质量与对照组C相比差异无统计学意义,实验组B图像质量优于对照组D,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),实验组B与对照组C图像质量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 步进式轴扫应用于腰椎扫描存在可行性,并可大幅度降低辐射剂量。     

美沙酮维持治疗者服药剂量不足及吗啡尿检阳性与脱失的关系

目的 了解美沙酮维持治疗（MMT）门诊治疗患者的脱失情况,探讨美沙酮剂量<100 mg/d和吗啡尿检阳性与脱失的关系及交互作用。方法 2014年9-11月对广西壮族自治区3个MMT门诊1 031例患者开展问卷调查,收集一般人口学特征、HIV感染、既往吸毒及吗啡尿检等信息。通过单因素和多因素logistic回归分析脱失的相关因素,通过交互作用分析探讨美沙酮剂量<100 mg/d与吗啡尿检阳性与脱失的关系。结果 1 031例MMT患者的脱失率为40.6%（419/1 031）,尿检阳性者和美沙酮剂量<100 mg/d者的脱失率分别是57.6%（99/172）和37.4%（347/929）,高于尿检阴性者（42.3%,363/859）和美沙酮剂量≥100 mg/d者的脱失率（26.5%,27/102）。控制混杂因素后,美沙酮剂量<100 mg/d者比剂量≥100 mg/d者更易于发生脱失（OR=3.05,95%CI：1.84~5.06）,尿检阳性者比阴性者更易于发生脱失（OR=2.25,95%CI：1.59~3.19）。美沙酮剂量<100 mg/d和吗啡尿检阳性存在相加（RERI=256.46,AP=0.87,S=8.05）和相乘（OR=2.45,95%CI：1.71~3.49）交互作用且方向一致。结论 MMT中,美沙酮剂量<100 mg/d及吗啡尿检阳性与脱失呈明显相关。     

彩超检查对甲状腺结节性质诊断的意义

目的通过超声检查判断甲状腺结节的性质,说明该检查的意义。方法随机选取2009年1月—2013年1月来我院就诊的甲状腺结节患者136例,将彩超检查结果与患者手术后的病理结果进行比较,验证彩超结果与病理结果的相符率,说明彩超检查在诊断甲状腺结节性质中的意义。其中彩超检查鉴别良、恶性结节的标准为结节钙化率、钙化分布情况及彩色多普勒血流特点等。结果彩超检查结果显示有121例患者为良性结节,而实际病理结果有110例患者结节为良性,因此良性结节超声检查符合率为90.91%;彩超检查结果显示有15例为恶性结节,病理结果有10例为恶性结节,因此恶性结节超声检查符合率为66.67%。结论通过彩超检查来进行初步诊断甲状腺结节性质,在一定程度上能区别结节的良、恶性,具有重要的临床意义。     

Estimate of 2009 H1N1 influenza cases in Shenzhen--the biggest migratory city in China

The 2009 novel H1N1 influenza pandemic had a significant impact on Shenzhen's population with 2063 laboratory-confirmed human H1N1 cases and five deaths being reported. We used parameters from two population-based surveys and the Shenzhen Influenza Surveillance System to estimate the total number of H1N1 influenza infections in Shenzhen in the 2009 pandemic. The attack rate of influenza-like illness (ILI) in family households was 11·2% (95% CI 9·4-13·0), with 80·2% (95% CI 77·8-82·5) seeking medical care. The ILI attack rate in workers was 38·1% (95% CI 34·3-41·7) with 72·5% (95% CI 66·9-78·0) seeking medical care. The average H1N1 positive rate in individuals reporting ILI and testing by polymerase chain reaction was 22·7%. A total of 611 000-768 000 people, or 4·7-5·9% of the Shenzhen population, are estimated to have experienced H1N1 influenza. The estimated total number of cases of H1N1 is likely to be 330 times greater than the number of laboratory-confirmed cases.     

Whole genome association studies for genes affecting alcohol dependence

We applied the transmission/disequilibrium test (TDT) for sibs (S-TDT) and for families with one parent (1-TDT), to the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism data set. The combined test is used to screen the whole genome to locate genes responsible for alcohol dependence. This analysis supports the previous finding that the region close to GABRB1 on chromosome 4 might be associated with alcohol dependence. The regions close to D6S474 and D11S1998 are also of particular interest. We found segregation distortion at the GR1K1 locus. The segregation distortion might be due to the binning method used in genotyping at this locus.     

The impact of China's retail drug price control policy on hospital expenditures: a case study in two Shandong hospitals

In China, 44.4% of total health expenditures in 2001 were for pharmaceuticals. Containment of pharmaceutical expenditures is a top priority for policy intervention. Control of drug retail prices was adopted by the Chinese government for this purpose. This study aims to examine the impact of this policy on the containment of hospital drug expenditures, and to analyze contributing factors. This is a retrospective pre/post-reform case study in two public hospitals. Financial records were reviewed to analyze changes in drug expenditures for all patients. A tracer condition, cerebral infarction, was selected for in-depth examination of changes in prices, utilization, expenditures and rationality of drugs. In the two hospitals, a total of 104 and 109 cerebral infarction cases, hospitalized respectively before and after the reform, were selected. Prescribed daily dose (PDD) was used for measuring drug utilization, and the contribution of price and utilization to changes in drug expenditures were decomposed. Rationality of drug use post-reform was reviewed based on published literature. Drug expenditures for all patients still increased rapidly in the two hospitals after implementation of the pricing policy. In the provincial hospital, drug expenditures per patient for cerebral infarction cases declined, but not significantly. This was mainly attributable to reduced utilization. In the municipal hospital, drug expenditure per patient increased by 50.1% after the reform, mainly due to greater drug utilization. Three to five fold higher drug expenditure per inpatient day in the provincial hospital was due to use of more expensive drugs. Of the top 15 drugs for treating cerebral infarction cases after the reform, 19.5% and 46.5% of the expenditures, in the provincial and municipal hospitals, respectively, were spent on drugs with prices set by the government. A large proportion of expenditures for the top 15 drugs, at least 65% and 41% in the provincial and municipal hospitals, respectively, was spent on allopathic drugs without an adequate evidence base of safety and efficacy supporting use for cerebral infarction. Control of retail prices, implemented in isolation, was not effective in containing hospital drug expenditures in these two Chinese hospitals. Utilization, more than price, determined drug expenditures. Improvement of rational use of drugs and correcting the present incentive structure for hospitals and drug prescribers may be important additional strategies for achieving containment of drug expenditures.