2012-2014年广东省哨点医院诺如病毒GII.4 Sydney变异株流行状况及暴发疫情特征分析

目的：分析2012年1月至2014年6月广东省哨点医院诺如病毒GII.4 Sydney变异株流行状况,以及由诺如病毒GII.4 Sydney变异株感染引起的暴发疫情特征。方法2012年1月至2014年6月在广东省选取22家医院的门诊科室为监测哨点,将采集的腹泻病例粪便样本（共10750份）送至市级CDC,进行病毒核酸提取及诺如病毒核酸检测,所有阳性样本递送至广东省CDC,并按照随机数字法抽取了855份进行诺如病毒基因分型,共成功测序样本690份。采用χ2检验比较不同年龄组、不同时期内腹泻病例诺如病毒感染情况。通过广东省突发公共卫生事件管理信息系统,收集2012年1月至2014年6月广东省13起由诺如病毒GII.4 Sydney变异株感染引起的社区暴发疫情数据,进行社区流行病学分析。结果2012年8月首次检出诺如病毒GII.4 Sydney变异株,2012年11月检出比例为13/15。2012年11月至2013年1月（T1时期）,各月份中腹泻病例诺如病毒感染阳性率分别为23.8%（100/421）、15.9%（61/383）、19.2%（95/495）,2013年11月至2014年1月（T2时期）,各月份中腹泻病例诺如病毒感染阳性率分别为17.0%（90/529）、8.7%（37/426）、11.2%（46/409）,均低于T1时期（χ2值分别为6.65、9.93、10.74,P值分别为0.010、0.002、0.001）。T1时期内≥15、<15岁组腹泻病例诺如病毒感染阳性率分别为26.3%（143/543）、14.9%（113/756）（χ2=25.90,P<0.001）;T2时期≥15、<15岁组阳性率分别为10.1%（52/516）、14.3%（121/848）（χ2=5.09,P=0.024）。13起暴发疫情中,食源性传播占10/13。结论广东省2012年8月首次检出诺如病毒GII.4 Sydney变异株,2012年11月起呈现社区流行,流行1年后,强度降低;由诺如病毒GII.4 Sydney变异株引起的暴发疫情主要以食源性传播为主。     

一氧化氮合酶和血红素氧合酶与原发性肝癌肿瘤血管形成的关系

目的:研究诱导型一氧化氮合酶(Nitric Oxide Synthase,inducible,iNOS)和诱导型血红素氧合酶(Heme Oxygenase 1,HO-1)在人原发性肝癌中的表达及它们与肝癌肿瘤血管形成的关系.方法:采用免疫组化S-P法检测56例原发性肝癌患者肝癌组织,17例尸检正常肝组织中iNOS和HO-1的表达,同时以抗CD34标记内皮细胞,检测微血管密度(Microvessels Density,MVD),并分析iNOS和HO-1与肿瘤血管形成之间的关系.结果:肝癌组织中的iNOS阳性表达率为94.6%,MVD均值为144.30±15.30,显著高于正常肝组织.肝癌组织中HO-1的阳性表达率为89.3%,MVD均值为133.60±13.90,显著高于正常肝组织.结论:肝癌组织中的iNOS和HO-1高阳性表达,两者呈正相关.iNOS和MVD呈正相关,提示了iNOS的表达促进了肝癌组织的肿瘤血管的形成.     

急性肺动脉栓塞29例临床分析

目的对急性肺栓塞进行临床分析,探讨急性肺栓塞的危险因素、临床表现、诊断和治疗。方法对2006年1月～2011年1月诊断为PE的29例患者的危险因素、临床表现、辅助检查及治疗情况进行分析。结果 PE缺乏特异性临床表现,但临床症状和体征能提供重要线索。心电图,超声心动图,X线胸片,动脉血气分析,双下肢深静脉血管超声、CT肺动脉造影,均能为PE早期诊断提供相对特征性改变,早期溶栓和抗凝治疗可有效降低病死率,改善预后。结论提高PE的早期诊断率,尽早溶栓和抗凝治疗是治疗成功、改善预后的关键。     

Epidemiological and morbidity assessment of Schistosoma japonicum infection in a migrant fisherman community, the Dongting Lake region, China

We assessed the epidemiology and morbidity related to Schistosoma japonicum infection by both parasitological (Kato-Katz method and miracidium hatching test) and ultrasound examination in a migrant fisherman community (n = 106) from the Dongting Lake region in China in 2001. A prevalence of 69.8% and a mean infection intensity of 66.5 eggs per gram (epg) were recorded for this group. Males had a higher level of infection (77%) and intensity (92.2 epg) compared with females (58% and 28.6 epg, respectively). Subjects aged 11-20 years had the highest prevalence of infection (91%) and the heaviest infection intensity (85.3 epg) among all age groups. Twenty-six percent of the subjects had not been treated previously for schistosomiasis. Parenchymal fibrosis (> or = stage II) detected by ultrasound and spleen enlargement (or splenectomy) occurred in 37% and 9% of subjects, respectively. Portal vein dilation was detected in 18% subjects, and 58% (11/19) of those patients with portal vein enlargement were shown to have parenchymal fibrosis (> or = stage II). These results indicate that S. japonicum infection and related morbidity in mobile fisherman is still unacceptably high despite the fact that China has implemented a Schistosomiasis Control Project financed by a World Bank Loan for a period of 8 years since 1992. Clearly, new approaches for schistosomiasis control, especially in communities like these mobile fishermen, should be explored.     

军队鼠害综合防治技术规范的制定

通过查阅分析相关文献、现场调研、征求专家意见及会议审定研究制定军队标准《军队鼠害综合防治技术规范》。该标准规范了军队鼠害综合治理,为依法开展鼠害防治工作提供技术支持。     

Experimental and Numerical Study on the Penetration Performance of a Shaped Charge

In guided ammunition, because a shaped energy jet warhead is located behind the control cabin (including the guidance cabin, the steering gear cabin, and the flight control cabin), the penetration order of a shaped energy jet is the control cabin and the target plate. In order to obtain maximum penetration depth by a shaped energy jet into a Q235 steel plate, the penetration performance of shaped energy jets was studied by numerical simulation and experimental verification. Firstly, the penetration performance of a warhead under different conditions at a certain explosion height is studied, which is the penetration performance of a Q235 steel plate with and without the control cabin. Secondly, the numerical simulation results are verified by experimental method. The numerical simulation and experimental results showed that, after penetration of the shaped energy jet warhead into the control cabin, it continued to penetrate the 20 mm-thick Q235 steel plate. At a certain explosion height, the maximum penetration depth of the shaped energy jet warhead into the Q235 steel plate was about 80 mm. Alongside the numerical simulation and experiment, the armor-breaking process of the shaped charge jet was analyzed theoretically. The results show that when the shaped energy jet warhead is located behind the control cabin, although the control cabin will have a certain impact on the penetration ability of shaped energy jet, the penetration performance of the residual jet still has the ability to penetrate light armor.     

睡眠剥夺对精神-运动操作功能的影响

目的：探讨５６ｈ睡眠剥夺对精神－运动操作功能的影响。了解长时间连续睡眠剥夺中的认知功能下降程度,为制定预防措施提供科学依据。方法：选择２０名健康男性青年,采用韦氏成人智力检测的数字符号和成人神经心理检验的手指叩击测验、手指辩认和指尖认字进行测验。结果：对照组无睡眠剥夺下,经过学习迁移作用。实验２４ｈ和实验５６ｈ对数字符号后反速度以及５６ｈ右手手指叩击速度均明显加快（Ｐ〈０．０１）;实验组因睡眠剥夺     

Numerical Investigation of the Influence of Ultimate-Strength Heterogeneity on Crack Propagation and Fracture Toughness in Welded Joints

The mechanical properties of dissimilar metal-welded joint materials are heterogeneous, which is an obstacle to the safety evaluation of key welded structures. The variation of stress–strain conditions at the crack tip caused by mismatch of material mechanical properties in dissimilar metal-welded joints is an important factor affecting crack propagation behavior. To understand the influence of uneven distribution of ultimate strength of the base metal and the welded metal on the crack propagation path, fracture toughness, as well as the mechanical field at the crack tip in the small-scale yield range, the user-defined field variable subroutine method is used to express continuous variation characteristics of welded joint ultimate strength in finite element software. In addition, the J-integral during crack propagation is calculated, and the effect of the ultimate strength on the J-integral and the stress field at the crack tip are analyzed. The results show that as the crack propagation direction is perpendicular to the direction of ultimate strength, the gradient of ultimate strength increases from |G_y|= 50 to |G_y|= 100 MPa/mm, the crack deflection angle increases by 0.018%, and the crack length increases by 1.46%. The fracture toughness of the material decreased slightly during crack propagation. Under the condition that the crack propagation direction is the same as the direction of ultimate strength, the crack propagation path is a straight line. As the gradient of ultimate strength increases from G_x = 50 to G_x = 100 MPa/mm, the crack propagation length decreases by 5.17%, and the slope of fracture toughness curve increases by 51.63%. On the contrary, as the crack propagates to the low ultimate strength side, the crack propagation resistance decreases, the ultimate strength gradient increases from G_x = −100 to G_x = −50 MPa/mm, and the slope of the fracture toughness curve decreases by 51.01%. It is suggested to consider the relationship between crack growth behavior and ultimate strength when designing and evaluating the structural integrity of cracks at the material interface of dissimilar metal-welded joints.     

杭州旅游地卫生监督与管理的探讨

本文叙述世界著名风景旅游城市--杭州近年来所采取的卫生监督与管理措施,以期创造整洁优美的旅游环境,迎接海内外宾客.其卫生监督管理的主要内容包括:创建卫生城市、改善环境设施、加强饮食卫生、开展疾病监测、强化急救康复、树立文明窗口等.上述措施的落实,保障了旅行者的健康与安全,也为国际旅行卫生保健提供了有益的经验.相信各旅游地切实加强卫生监督与管理,定能促进旅游事业的发展.     

密闭环境挥发性有机物行为特性分析

目的：研究居住型密闭环境内挥发性有机物（简称：ＶＯＣ）的环境行为特征,以了解其污染状况。方法：４名成年健康男性志愿者（简称：受试者）在６０ｍ６３居住型密闭环境内生活５昼夜。采集受试者进入密闭环境前一天上午的汗液（简称：Ｓ１）和离开密闭环境当天上午的汗液。５昼夜实验期间,每天上午采集环境空气和受试者２４ｈ内的尿液及粪便。