B-Mode Ultrasound Combined with Color Doppler and Strain Elastography in the Diagnosis of Non-mass Breast Lesions: A Prospective Study

Non-mass breast lesions on ultrasound (US) are areas without an associated mass. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether combining B-mode US with color Doppler US and strain elastography (SE) improves US differentiation between benign and malignant non-mass breast lesions and the decision for biopsy. In this prospective study, three different radiologists analyzed the US images of 77 non-mass lesions independently and recorded Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) categories for four data sets. The image characteristics and BI-RADS categories of the four data sets were analyzed by another radiologist. The final diagnosis was made on the basis of pathologic findings. Values for area under the receiver operating curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were compared among the data sets. The AUC of B-mode US combined with both color Doppler US and SE was greater than that of B-mode US alone (0.666 vs. 0.828) (p = 0.011). The specificity of making the decision for biopsy increased from 6.5% to 38.7% when B-mode US was combined with color Doppler and SE, without a statistically significant change in sensitivity (p < 0.001). Combined use of color Doppler and SE could improve the diagnostic value of B-mode US in distinguishing benign from malignant non-mass breast lesions and the specificity of making the decision for biopsy of non-mass breast lesions.     

消痔膏贴敷疗法治疗嵌顿痔的临床观察

目的:评价消痔膏敷贴疗法治疗嵌顿痔的临床疗效。方法:将70例嵌顿痔患者随机分为治疗组(n=35)和对照组(n=35),治疗组应用消痔膏贴敷治疗,对照组应用龙珠软膏贴敷治疗,疗程为10 d。评价两组的临床疗效,比较两组患者主要临床症状、体征的改善情况。结果:治疗后,治疗组和对照组的临床总有效率分别为88.57%和54.28%,治疗组疗效优于对照组(P0.05);两组患者的肛周水肿、疼痛、渗出、便血情况较治疗前均显著改善(P0.05),且治疗组患者的肛周水肿、疼痛、渗出情况明显优于对照组(P0.05)。结论:消痔膏贴敷疗法治疗嵌顿痔能有效缓解患者的疼痛、渗出、水肿等主要临床症状与体征,值得在嵌顿痔保守治疗中推广应用。     

间变性胶质细胞瘤中免疫浸润核心基因ZAP70 与患者预后的相关性研究

摘要:目的 探索间变性胶质细胞瘤中有预后价值的免疫浸润相关基因。方法 下载 TCGA(TheCancerGenome Atlas)数据库中转录组数据,量化间变性胶质细胞瘤样本的免疫浸润情况,并分为低、中、高免疫浸润组,进而对组间的 差异基因进行分析,筛选出预后相关的核心基因ZAP70。研究ZAP70表达量与间变性胶质细胞瘤患者生存时间以及临 床特征的关系,利用免疫组织化学染色验证ZAP70在临床间变性胶质细胞瘤样本中的表达量与患者预后的关系。通过 GSEA(GeneSetEnrichmentAnalysis)富集分析了解ZAP70在间变性胶质细胞瘤中的相关功能通路。结果 TCGA 数 据库中236例间变性胶质细胞瘤样本被分为低、中、高3个免疫浸润组,低免疫浸润组的预后最佳,中免疫浸润组次之, 高免疫浸润组的预后最差。差异分析与单因素 Cox回归分析筛选出 ZAP70为间变性胶质细胞瘤免疫浸润相关的核心 基因。K-M 生存曲线显示,ZAP70高表达间变性胶质细胞瘤患者生存时间显著少于ZAP70低表达患者(P<0.05)。高 表达ZAP70与多种不良的临床特征相关。61例临床间变性胶质细胞瘤样本的免疫组化染色分析验证了高表达 ZAP70 预后不佳的趋势。GSEA 富集分析结果显示高表达 ZAP70与耐药、细胞粘附、细胞外基质反应及恶性通路激活相关。 在肿瘤免疫方面,ZAP70与白细胞迁移及固有免疫缺失相关。结论 ZAP70有望成为间变性胶质细胞瘤患者中预后不 佳亚群的诊断标记物及有效治疗靶点。     

Exposure–response analyses of blood pressure and heart rate changes for methylphenidate in healthy adults

The aim of the study was to evaluate the exposure–response (E–R) relationships of blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) changes in healthy adults taking methylphenidate (MPH). Intensive time profiles of BP and HR from healthy adults in placebo and MPH treatment arms of seven clinical trials from the FDA internal database were utilized for this analysis. The analysis model contains a circadian component for placebo effect and an E–R component to describe drug effect. Internal validation was performed using goodness-of-fit plots and visual predictive check. A meta-database based on a systemic literature search was constructed and used for external validation of the developed models. We found that circadian models could quantify the time profiles of BP/HR in placebo arms. Linear models could describe the correlations between MPH concentrations, and BP/HR changes. The BP and HR changes were highly dependent on the shapes of MPH pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles without an apparent time delay. MPH has the greatest effect on HR, followed by systolic BP, and diastolic BP. Internal validation revealed that the developed models could adequately describe the circadian rhythms of HR and BP in placebo arms and the E–R relationships of MPH. External validation showed the models had good predictive capability of the literature data. In conclusion, the developed models adequately characterized the circadian rhythm and the MPH induced effects on BP and HR. The changes in BP and HR were highly correlated with MPH blood levels with no apparent delay. The time courses of BP and HR are similar to the MPH PK profiles. As a result, the immediate-release formulation may yield larger maximum BP and HR effect than the extended-release formulation under similar dose.     

不同阅读方式对中班幼儿叙事能力的影响

目的 分析自主阅读和分享阅读对幼儿叙事能力的影响,为有效促进幼儿叙事能力的发展提供科学依据。方法 2017年3-5月抽取1所幼儿园,将其中班幼儿分为实验组(分享阅读组)和对照组(自主阅读组)进行为期4周的实验研究。结果 方差分析表明,前后测试,阅读方式和故事要素主效应显著(F=40.44,28.60,39.67,P<0.001)。简单效应分析表明,在后测试中分享阅读组的成绩显著高于自主阅读组,且故事背景、尝试行动及故事结果的成绩显著高于故事起因和内在反应(P<0.05),但在故事起因维度中,分享阅读组的成绩与自主阅读组的成绩差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 不同阅读方式对促进幼儿的叙事能力各维度的发展均有正向作用,但效果不一。分享阅读对幼儿叙事能力发展的效果优于自主阅读,但在故事起因方面,两种阅读方式均无显著促进作用。     

结直肠癌肝转移局部治疗的研究进展

结直肠癌是常见的消化道恶性肿瘤，易发生肝转移。外科手术切除肝转移病灶是重要治疗方法之一。随着临床诊疗技术的进步，介入治疗、放射治疗等方法已成为结直肠癌肝转移的重要治疗手段。本文将对结直肠癌肝转移局部治疗的研究进展进行综述。     

超微超顺磁性氧化铁在头颈鳞癌淋巴转移MRI诊断中的研究进展

超微超顺磁性氧化铁（USPIO）作为磁共振对比剂，可用来评价恶性肿瘤的淋巴结转移。与常规MRI对比，USPIO增强MRI能提高转移淋巴结检测的敏感性、特异性及准确性，并且能更好地鉴别转移及非转移淋巴结。本文就近年来USPIO增强MRI在头颈鳞癌（HNSCC）淋巴结转移中的相关研究及文献进行综述，评估USPIO增强MRI对检测HNSCC转移淋巴结的临床应用潜力及发展前景。