Relationships between self-reflectiveness and clinical symptoms in individuals during pre-morbid and early clinical stages of psychosis

BackgroundSelf-reflectiveness, one dimension of cognitive insight, plays a protective role in an individual’s mental state. Both high and low levels of self-reflectiveness have been reported in patients with schizophrenia and individuals at clinical high risk for the illness.AimsThis study aimed to explore the relationship patterns between self-reflectiveness and clinical symptoms in individuals during the pre-morbid and early clinical stages of psychosis.MethodsA total of 181 subjects, including individuals with attenuated positive symptoms (APS, n=122) and patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP, n=59), completed the Beck Cognitive Insight Scale and were evaluated using the Schedule of Assessment of Insight and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. All subjects were classified into three groups according to their level of self-reflectiveness: low level (LSR, n=59), medium level (MSR, n=67) and high level (HSR, n=55). Both linear and non-linear relationships between self-reflectiveness and clinical symptoms were explored.ResultsMore individuals with APS were classified into the MSR group, while more patients with FEP were classified into the LSR group. The LSR group demonstrated less awareness of illness than the MSR and HSR groups, more stereotyped thinking and poorer impulse control but less anxiety than the MSR group, and lower levels of blunted affect and guilt feelings than the HSR group. The MSR group demonstrated lower stereotyped thinking than the HSR group. Compared to the LSR group, the MSR group had increased self-reflectiveness, improved awareness of illness, decreased stereotyped thinking, and better impulse control, but increased feelings of guilt. The HSR group showed increased stereotyped thinking when compared to the MSR group, but the other variables did not change significantly between these two groups. Overall, self-reflectiveness demonstrated an approximately inverse S-shaped relationship with the awareness of illness, a U-shaped relationship with stereotyped thinking and poor impulse control, and an almost linear relationship with anxiety and guilt feelings.ConclusionsSelf-reflectiveness demonstrates complex relationships with clinical symptoms and fails to exert significant positive effects when reaching a certain high level.     

多指标正交试验优选白术芍药散提取工艺

白术芍药散是中医传统名方,临床对于腹泻有确切的治疗效果.然而,目前有关白术芍药散的提取工艺报道较少.该试验利用正交试验的方法,以复方中10个指标性成分和浸出物的含量作为指标,采用综合加权评分法处理数据,对提取工艺中乙醇浓度、溶剂倍量、浸泡时间、提取时间4个因素进行考察,以优化白术芍药散提取工艺.结果得出白术芍药散的最佳提取工艺为加入12倍量70％乙醇,浸泡1h,提取2次,每次2h.其中提取时间有显著影响.优化后的提取工艺稳定可靠,可为进一步开发利用该处方提供参考.     

液相色谱-质谱联用法同时测定人血浆中雷米普利和雷米普利拉的浓度

目的:建立同时测定人血浆中雷米普利和雷米普利拉浓度的液相色谱-质谱方法。方法:以喹那普利为内标,血浆样品经固相萃取小柱提取后,采用HPLC-MS(TOF)联用技术,以电喷雾(ESI)作为接口技术,以宽的m/z为数据采集范围检测后,选择准分子离子[M H] 作为检测离子,进行滤过、积分的方式检测,同时测定人血浆中雷米普利和雷米普利拉的浓度。结果:雷米普利和雷米普利拉的线性范围分别为1~80μg·L-1和0.5~40μg·L-1,日内精密度与日间RSD均小于10%。结论:该测定方法具有灵敏、专一和快速的优点,可满足雷米普利在人体内药动学研究的要求。     

大蒜素对巨噬细胞介导的细胞毒作用的影响

大蒜素单独或与其他激活剂协同作用时,具有增强巨噬细胞的抗肿瘤作用。同时可增强某些瘤细胞对巨噬细胞介导的细胞毒作用的敏感性。     

经导管Amplatzer封堵器和外科手术治疗动脉导管未闭对照试验的Meta分析

目的评估经导管Amplatzer封堵器治疗动脉导管未闭(PDA)的疗效,为临床应用提供指导。方法采用Meta分析方法,对国内外有关经导管Amplatzer封堵器和外科手术治疗PDA的对比临床研究进行综合定量分析,采用RevMan4.2.2软件进行数据处理,计算各组技术失败率、并发症及严重并发症发生率、残余分流率等的相对危险度(RR)及其95%可信区间(CI)。结果符合纳入标准共5篇文献,总样本量349例。经导管Amplatzer封堵器组技术失败率高于外科手术组[5组对照试验(CT),349例,3.0%vs0,RR=4.29,95%CI(0.77,23.95)],但无显著性差异(P=0.10);并发症发生率低于外科手术[5组CT,343例,3.1%vs38.0%,RR=0.11,95%CI(0.05,0.23)](P<0.00001);严重并发症发生率显著低于手术组[5组CT,343例,0.5%vs6.0%,RR=0.23,95%CI(0.06,0.90)](P=0.03);Amplatzer封堵器组治疗后即时残余分流率高于手术组[4组CT,304例,16.3%vs0,RR=16.06,95%CI(3.0,86.12)](P=0.001);出院时残余分流率虽高于手术组,但无显著性差异(2.5%vs0,P=0.33)。结论经导管Amplatzer封堵器治疗PDA尽管成功率低于外科手术,但其创伤小、并发症发生率低、疗效与手术相仿,随着封堵器及其输送系统的不断改进和完善,在适应证范围内经导管Amplatzer封堵器治疗可作为PDA外科手术治疗的替代方法。     

糖尿病大鼠早期视网膜神经节细胞凋亡机制的探讨

目的：探讨糖尿病大鼠模型早期视网膜神经节细胞(retinal ganglion cells,RGCs)凋亡的机制。

方法：SD大鼠60只,随机分为对照组(CON)及糖尿病组(DM),糖尿病组一次性腹腔注射1% STZ诱发糖尿病鼠模型,两组于第4,8,12wk分别行HE、透射电镜及TUNEL法检测RGCs的凋亡情况,并应用激光共聚焦显微镜检测RGCs内钙离子浓度的变化。

结果：糖尿病组第8wk开始出现RGCs数量减少、细胞排列紊乱的病理改变,第12wk更为明显。糖尿病组透射电镜下可见第4wk时RGCs出现线粒体肿胀; 第8wk时RGCs内肿胀的线粒体更为明显、数目增多,染色质边集于核膜周边,部分细胞体积缩小、细胞器减少; 第12wk时出现RGCs体积变小,甚至出现细胞核断裂。TUNEL阳性RGCs最早于糖尿病组第4wk时出现,随病程延长凋亡的阳性细胞逐渐增多,凋亡指数与同期对照组相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。糖尿病组第8,12wk时RGCs内钙离子浓度明显高于同期对照组,差异显著(P<0.01); 糖尿病组第8wk与第12wk比较,升高差异亦有统计学意义(P<0.05)。

结论：糖尿病早期出现了视网膜神经节细胞的凋亡,其机制可能与细胞内钙离子浓度升高有关。     

妊娠高血压综合征患者蜕膜组织中免疫相关细胞变化的研究

目的研究妊高征的免疫学发病机制。方法通过对妊高征患者及正常孕妇胎盘蜕膜组织中免疫相关细胞进行光镜观察,测定淋巴细胞转化率,探讨蜕膜免疫相关细胞的变化与妊高征之间的关系。结果蜕膜中大颗粒淋巴细胞及凋亡细胞显著增多,ＣＤ＋５７细胞数量及ＣＤ＋４与ＣＤ＋８比例上升,淋巴细胞转化率明显升高。结论蜕膜中免疫相关细胞参与了妊高征的免疫学发病机制。     

大蒜素对T细胞激活的影响

大蒜素在高浓度(50μg／ml)时对T细胞激活有抑制作用。但在适当浓度(3．125～12．5μg／ml)时则对T细胞激活有促进作用，这种促进作用与大蒜素抑制巨噬细胞产生NO的能力有关。大蒜素能够对抗S180细胞和艾氏暖水癌细胞产生的肿瘤免疫抑制因子对T细胞激活的抑制作用。提示大蒜素在肿瘤治疗中可能有较大的应用价值。     

尖瓣过路黄中槲皮素和山柰酚的定性定量分析

目的 建立TLC及HPLC法定性定量测定尖瓣过路黄中槲皮素和山柰酚.方法 TLC法确定黄酮类化合物的种类,HPLC法测定山柰酚、槲皮素的含量.结果 槲皮素在0.081 6-0.571 2μg范围内线性关系良好(R2=0.999 4);平均回收率101.88%,RSD=1.572 4%,n=6.山柰酚在0.069 6-0...