磁共振血管壁成像在颅内动脉瘤诊断中的应用价值

目的 探讨高分辨磁共振血管壁成像（magnetic resonance vascular wall imaging,MR-VWI）对颅内动脉瘤（intracranial aneurysm,IA）的诊断价值。方法 选取2020年1月—2021年2月本院收治的动脉瘤患者共58例（70个瘤体）,依据动脉瘤破裂与否将其分为A组（破裂,10个瘤体）及B组（未破裂,60个瘤体）,同时再将B组依据患者是否存在症状分为B1（有症状12个）及B2（无症状48个）。所有入组患者均经MR-VWI进行检查,对比观察各组间MR检查结果。结果 B组瘤体大小、瘤径宽度、子囊比例、高宽比及瘤径强化分级均明显低于A组患者,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）;B1组患者高宽比及瘤壁强化分级明显高于B2组患者,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）。结论 使用高分辨MR血管壁成像可有效评估颅内动脉瘤破裂风险,具有无创,高效的优势,值得在临床中进一步推广使用。     

Recombinant Bovine Herpesvirus Type I Expressing the Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus E2 Protein Could Effectively Prevent Infection by Two Viruses

Bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) is a comprehensive disease in cattle caused by various viral and bacterial infections. Among them, bovine herpesvirus type I (BoHV−1) and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) play important roles and have caused huge financial losses for the cattle industry worldwide. At present, vaccines against BRDC include trivalent attenuated BoHV−1, BVDV−1, and BVDV−2 live vaccines, BoHV−1 live attenuated vaccines, and BoHV−1/BVDV bivalent live attenuated vaccines, which have limitations in terms of their safety and efficacy. To solve these problems, we optimized the codon of the BVDV−1 E2 gene, added the signal peptide sequence of the BoHV−1 gD gene, expressed double BVDV−1 E2 glycoproteins in tandem at the BoHV−1 gE gene site, and constructed a BoHV−1 genetics-engineered vectored vaccine with gE gene deletion, named BoHV−1 gE/E2−Linker−E2⁺ and BoHV−1 ΔgE. This study compared the protective effects in BoHV−1, BoHV−1 ΔgE, BoHV−1 gE/E2−Linker−E2⁺, and BVDV−1 inactivated antigen immunized guinea pigs and calves. The results showed that BoHV−1 gE/E2−Linker−E2⁺ could successfully induce guinea pigs and calves to produce specific neutralizing antibodies against BVDV−1. In addition, after BoHV−1 and BVDV−1 challenges, BoHV−1 gE/E2−Linker−E2⁺ can produce a specific neutralizing antibody response against BoHV−1 and BVDV−1 infections. Calves immunized with this type of virus can be distinguished as either vaccinated animals (gE^-) or naturally infected animals (gE⁺). In summary, our data suggest that BoHV−1 gE/E2−Linker−E2⁺ and BoHV−1 ΔgE have great potential to prevent BVDV−1 or BoHV−1 infection.     

Cardioprotective effect of Chinese herbal medicine for anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity in cancer patients: A meta-analysis of prospective studies

Background:To assess the benefits and harmful effects of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) formulations in preventing anthracyclines (ANT)-induced cardiotoxicity.Method:The Cochrane Library, Pubmed and EMBASE databases were electronically searched for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published till December 2021 in English or Chinese-language, in addition to manual searches through the reference lists of the selected papers, and the Chinese Conference Papers Database. Data was extracted by 2 investigators independently.Result:Seventeen RCTs reporting 11 different CHMs were included in this meta-analysis. The use of CHM reduced the occurrence of clinical heart failure (RR 0.48, 95% CI 0.39 to 0.60, P < .01) compared to the control group. Data on subclinical heart failure in terms of LVEF values showed that CHM reduced the occurrence of subclinical heart failure (RR 0.47, 95% CI 0.35 to 0.62, P < .01) as well.Conclusion:CHM is an effective and safe cardioprotective intervention that can potentially prevent ANT-induced cardiotoxicity. However, due to the insufficient quality of the included trials, our results should be interpreted with cautious.     

High-Throughput Screening of FDA-Approved Drug Library Reveals Ixazomib Is a Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Agent against Arboviruses

The emergence of significant arboviruses and their spillover transmission to humans represent a major threat to global public health. No approved drugs are available for the treatment of significant arboviruses in circulation today. The repurposing of clinically approved drugs is one of the most rapid and promising strategies in the identification of effective treatments for diseases caused by arboviruses. Here, we screened small-molecule compounds with anti-tick-borne encephalitis virus, West Nile virus, yellow fever virus and chikungunya virus activity from 2580 FDA-approved drugs. In total, 60 compounds showed antiviral efficacy against all four of the arboviruses in Huh7 cells. Among these compounds, ixazomib and ixazomib citrate (inhibitors of 20S proteasome β5) exerted antiviral effects at a low-micromolar concentration. The time-of-drug-addition assay suggested that ixazomib and ixazomib citrate disturbed multiple processes in viruses’ life cycles. Furthermore, ixazomib and ixazomib citrate potently inhibited chikungunya virus replication and relieved virus-induced footpad swelling in a mouse model. These results offer critical information which supports the role of ixazomib as a broad-spectrum agent against arboviruses.     

Racial and Ethnic Healthcare Disparities in Skin Cancer in the United States: A Review of Existing Inequities,Contributing Factors,and Potential Solutions

Objective Racial and ethnic health disparities affect the diagnosis and management of melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancers, leading to deleterious outcomes. Non-Hispanic White patients make up the majority of skin cancers cases, yet racial and ethnic minorities have poorer prognoses and outcomes. The skin cancer literature is fragmented with regards to potential contributors to these healthcare disparities. In this article, we provide a comprehensive review of the skin cancer literature to briefly quantify racial and ethnic inequities, highlight contributing factors, and propose practical changes that can be made.MethodsA PubMed search was completed to identify articles related to racial and ethnic health care disparities in the context of melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, Merkel cell carcinoma, and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans.ResultsRelative to non-Hispanic White patients, patients of racial and ethnic minorities have differing clinical presentations of skin cancers and genetic risk factors. Insurance, access to specialty care, cultural beliefs, and available educational resources further contribute to racial and ethnic disparities.LimitationsWe are limited to the level of detail provided in the existing literature, and at some times are unable to distinguish race of Hispanic populations. We also acknowledge that there are different nationalities grouped under these broad labels as well as multi-racial populations that may not be accounted for.ConclusionAwareness of and familiarization with innate factors and potentially more modifiable contributors can help inform efforts to close the observed gap in racial and ethnic inequities.     

RNA干扰下调Nrf2对U251细胞自噬的影响

目的 研究RNA干扰下调核因子E2相关因子2（Nrf2）对U251细胞自噬的影响.方法 建立RNA干扰下调Nrf2表达的U251细胞系并在瞬时转染48 h后,电镜观察细胞自噬相关结构的形态,Western blot法、吖啶橙染色流式细胞术定量分析自噬水平的改变.结果 与对照组相比,Si-Nrf2组Nrf2的蛋白水平明显下降（P ＜0.001）,自噬泡结构增多,微管相关蛋白1轻链蛋白3BII型（LC3B-Ⅱ）的蛋白水平明显升高（P ＜0.001）,酸性囊泡数量明显增多（P＜0.05）.结论 RNA干扰下调Nrf2可以显著增强U251细胞的自噬水平.     

高血压性脑干出血预后因素分析

目的探讨高血压性脑干出血预后相关的因素。方法回顾性分析57例高血压性脑干出血病人的临床资料,采用Kaplan—Meier法计算生存期及进行生存分析。以随访GOS评分为预后的判断指标,使用Fisher精确概率检验进行单因素分析,二分类Logistic回归作多冈素分析。结果单因素分析显示：入院时GCS评分、脑干血量及并发症是影响脑干出血预后的因素（P〈0．05）;其中人院时GCS评分13～15分,腑十出血量≤5ml及无并发症的病人预后较好。多因素分析显示：GCS评分和行发症是高血压性脑十出血预后相关的独立凶素（P〈0．05）。GCS评分越低,病人生存时间越短;有并发症者明显较无行发症者预后差。结论发病时GCS评分、出血量和并发症是影响病人预后的重要因素。     

外源性N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸对成年大鼠被动回避学习记忆的影响

目的 探讨脑内植入外源性N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸(NMDA)对成年大鼠被动回避学习记忆的影响. 方法 在大鼠脑内植入不同浓度的NMDA缓释膜片后,比较各组大鼠被动同避学习记忆(避暗实验)的能力以及额前腹内侧皮质(vMPFC)及扣带同前皮质(ACC)区域NMDA受体活性的区别. 结果 避暗实验中各组大鼠潜伏期和错误次数间差异无统计学意义(P=0.846,P=0.792).各组大鼠vMPFC及ACC区域的NMDA受体活性之间差异无统计学意义(P=0.546),但随着所植入的缓释膜片中NMDA浓度增加.这些区域NMDA受体活性有降低的趋势. 结论 外源性植入NMDA对成年大鼠被动回避学习记忆无明显影响,但本实验为进一步研究NMDA改变受损脑组织的神经可塑性奠定了一定的基础.     

Identification of DAPI-stained normal,inflammatory, and carcinoma hepatic cells based on hyperspectral microscopy

Gross chromatin imbalance and high DNA content are distinct features of various types of cancer cells. However, severe inflammation can also produce similar symptoms in cells. In this study, normal, inflammatory, and carcinoma hepatic cells were stained with 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) and investigated by hyperspectral microscopy. DAPI is a DNA-sensitive fluorochrome. Therefore, the differences in the cellular DNA of the samples can be revealed by the corresponding fluorescence. Our experimental results demonstrate that although chromosomal disorder and high DNA content both occur in severely inflammatory and carcinoma hepatic cells, there is still a slight difference in their DNA, making their fluorescent intensity and even their spectral shapes distinguishable. Based on these spectral features, we developed a method for the precise identification of normal, inflammatory, and carcinoma hepatic cells in the field of view. The identification accuracy for these three types of cells was 99.8%. We believe that examination that combines DAPI staining with hyperspectral microscopy is a potential method for the identification and investigation of various types of cancer tissues.     

经导管肺动脉瓣膜植入的实验研究

目的探讨经导管植入带瓣膜支架置换肺动脉瓣的可行性。方法以新鲜的羊心包为材料,予0.6%戊二醛浸泡36h后缝合在瓣膜环上,将其固定在镍钛形状记忆合金自膨胀支架上,制成带瓣膜肺动脉支架。选择体重为(23.5±3.1)kg的健康羊8只,通过开胸,穿刺右心室前壁,将带瓣膜支架经导管送到肺动脉,植入肺动脉瓣处,置换自身肺动脉瓣膜。结果8只羊中即时成功7只,术后即刻以及90d的影像学以及血流动力学检测支架的位置及瓣膜功能良好,无相关并发症。结论直视下经导管植入肺动脉瓣膜是可行的。