英国药师注册考试形式及内容介绍

目的:介绍英国药师注册考试的组织形式及试题内容,为完善我国药师资格考试体系建设提供参考。方法:通过查阅相关文献资料,分析英国药师注册考试形式与试题,探讨英国注册药师资格考试的方式及特点等。结果与结论:英国药师注册考试准入资格较为严格;考试形式灵活,题型及数量相对固定;考试内容以药学知识为主,尤其重视实践及实际应用能力的考查。提示我国应完善现有药师培训及考试体系,提高药师准入标准,严格管理。而药师资格考试应该在关注理论的同时更重视实践能力考查,建立更加科学、合理的考试模式。     

Adsorption characteristics of metal–organic framework MIL-101(Cr) towards sulfamethoxazole and its persulfate oxidation regeneration

A metal–organic framework, MIL-101(Cr), was used to adsorb sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) in water and activated persulfate (PS) oxidation was investigated to regenerate SMZ-saturated MIL-101(Cr). Adsorption and oxidation were combined in this study. MIL-101(Cr) was characterized by SEM, BET, XPS and FT-IR analyses. Effects of various operating parameters on adsorption efficiency were studied. The dosages of persulfate for SMZ desorption and oxidation were investigated. The results showed that the recommended pH was 6–8 for SMZ adsorption and optimum MIL-101(Cr) dosage was 0.1 g L⁻¹. SMZ adsorption by MIL-101(Cr) was a spontaneous process and nearly exothermic. Saturation adsorption capacity was achieved in 180 s and the adsorption followed the pseudo-second-order model. The maximum adsorption amount of MIL-101(Cr) to SMZ was 181.82 mg g⁻¹ (Langmuir). MIL-101(Cr) also showed good adsorption capacities for sulfachloropyridazine (SCP), sulfamonomethoxine (SMM), and sulfadimethoxine (SDM). Persulfate was helpful for SMZ desorption from the surface of saturated MIL-101(Cr) and sufficient persulfate could simultaneously oxidize the SMZ. XPS analysis showed that the structure of MIL-101(Cr) was stable after the persulfate oxidation process. Regenerated MIL-101(Cr) had the same level of adsorption capacity as fresh MIL-101(Cr). An adsorption–oxidation combined process may be set up based on the results. This study provides basic data for the deep treatment of organic micropollutants in urban water bodies.

A metal–organic framework, MIL-101(Cr), was used to adsorb sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) in water and activated persulfate (PS) oxidation was investigated to regenerate SMZ-saturated MIL-101(Cr).     

Enhancing the mechanical performance of poly(ether ether ketone)/zinc oxide nanocomposites to provide promising biomaterials for trauma and orthopedic implants

Poly(ether ether ketone)/zinc oxide (PEEK/ZnO) composites were manufactured by using the injection molding technique. Before blending with the PEEK resin matrix, some ZnO nanoparticles were modified by γ-aminopropyltriethoxylsilane (APTES). The effect of surface modification of ZnO nanoparticles by amino groups and Si–O bonds was investigated. PEEK/ZnO composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis, and X-ray diffraction. The scanning electron micrographs showed that ZnO nanoparticles were encapsulated in the PEEK phase; within this phase, the nanoparticles were homogeneously dispersed. Mechanical and tribological properties were measured by tensile strength, flexural strength, coefficient of friction, and wear rate. It was shown that the interfacial compatibility between ZnO nanoparticles and PEEK matrix was significantly enhanced due to the amino and Si–O bonds decorated on the ZnO nanoparticles. More importantly, the thermal stability of PEEK improved upon the incorporation of ZnO nanoparticles into this matrix. Cell viability studies with mouse osteoblasts demonstrated that cell growth on PEEK and PEEK/ZnO was significantly enhanced. On the basis of the obtained results, PEEK/ZnO composites are recommended as promising candidates for orthopaedic materials and trauma implants.

Poly(ether ether ketone)/zinc oxide (PEEK/ZnO) composites were manufactured by using the injection molding technique.     

Silk fibroin-derived peptide directed silver nanoclusters for cell imaging

Fluorescent silver nanoclusters (Ag NCs) that are capable of emitting green light have been synthesized using a peptide derived from the C terminal of silk fibroin heavy chain (CSH) via a one-pot, green, and facile synthesis method. The emission was also found to be stable at the excitation wavelength and the fluorescence quantum yield of Ag NCs was measured to be 1.1%. Matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) indicated the presence of a range of Ag species that correspond to Ag1, Ag2, Ag3 and Ag4. Transmission electron microscopic analyses suggested that the formed particles are uniform and well dispersive with an average diameter of 2.5 nm. The Ag NCs were successfully applied to cell imaging in murine preosteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells. Finally, Ag NCs observed by MTT exhibited distinct cytotoxicity at CSH–Ag NCs concentrations of 600 μM. Based on the concept of utilizing a functional peptide from nature, this study demonstrates a novel approach to fabricate aqueous metal nanoclusters for tracking applications in bioimaging.

Fluorescent silver nanoclusters (Ag NCs) that are capable of emitting green light have been synthesized using a peptide derived from the C terminal of silk fibroin heavy chain (CSH) via a one-pot, green, and facile synthesis method.     

仙蟾片对大鼠心律失常的影响

目的探讨不同剂量仙蟾片对大鼠心律失常的作用,为临床安全用药提供参考。方法灌胃给予大鼠不同剂量仙蟾片,记录给药后2h的心率变化以及心律失常的发生情况。测定仙蟾片对大鼠最大给药量。结果 0.2和0.3g·kg-1仙蟾片对大鼠心率无明显影响,且未出现心律失常;而0.45,0.68和1.01g·kg-1仙蟾片可使大鼠心率显著加快,心律失常发生率分别为20%,70%和100%;0.012g·kg-1蟾酥可使大鼠心率显著加快,心律失常发生率为30%。仙蟾片对大鼠的最大给药量为7.2g·kg-1,约相当于人用量(0.5g·kg-1)的14.4倍。结论仙蟾片0.3g·kg-1(约相当于推荐人日用量3g)以内为安全用药剂量范围。     

T follicular helper cells improve the response of patients with chronic hepatitis B to interferon by promoting HBsAb production

Journal of Gastroenterology - Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroconversion is considered the optimal outcome of the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. In this study, we...     

成角近段旋磨对严重钙化成角冠状动脉病变的治疗价值

目的:在严重钙化成角冠状动脉(冠脉)病变患者中,对比成角近段旋磨和全程旋磨的手术成功率、术中并发症及临床预后,评估成角近段旋磨对该类病变的治疗价值。方法:连续纳入我院2017年1月至2019年12月接受冠脉旋磨介入治疗且冠脉均存在严重钙化伴成角(≥45°)的患者共245例,依据旋磨手术策略分为全程旋磨组(n=179)和成角近段旋磨组(n=66)。比较两组手术成功率和术中并发症发生率,观察两组患者的临床转归,观察终点包括院内和1年主要不良心血管事件(MACE,包括心原性死亡、靶血管再次血运重建、支架内血栓)发生率。结果:成角近段旋磨组的手术成功率为97.0%,2例(3.0%)患者因术中球囊无法扩张而最终转换为全程旋磨;全程旋磨组的手术成功率为99.4%,1例(0.6%)患者因冠脉穿孔导致手术失败而行急诊冠脉旁路移植术。全程旋磨组发生旋磨头嵌顿和心包填塞各2例(1.1%)、冠脉穿孔4例(2.2%),而成角近段旋磨组未出现这些严重并发症;两组术中慢血流/无复流的发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但全程旋磨组术中冠脉夹层的发生率显著高于成角近段旋磨组(43.6%vs.19.7%,P<0.05)。两组的院内总MACE发生率相当,但全程旋磨组1年MACE发生率明显高于成角近段旋磨组(27.4%vs.13.6%,P<0.05)。结论:对于严重钙化伴成角的冠脉病变,成角近段旋磨联合球囊扩张的手术成功率和临床转归与全程旋磨相似,而术中并发症尤其严重并发症的发生风险明显低于后者,说明仅采用成角近段旋磨治疗此类病变是安全和有效的。     

The effectiveness of treatments for patients with SAPHO syndrome: a follow-up study of 24 cases from a single center and review of literature

Clinical Rheumatology - To evaluate the effectiveness of current treatments for SAPHO syndrome (synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, and osteitis) by delineating the therapeutic choices and...     

Interferon-alpha or -beta facilitates SARS-CoV-2 pulmonary vascular infection by inducing ACE2

Severe viral pneumonia caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is characterized by a hyperinflammatory state typified by elevated circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines, frequently leading to potentially lethal vascular complications including thromboembolism, disseminated intracellular coagulopathy and vasculitis. Though endothelial infection and subsequent endothelial damage have been described in patients with fatal COVID-19, the mechanism by which this occurs remains elusive, particularly given that, under naïve conditions, pulmonary endothelial cells demonstrate minimal cell surface expression of the SARS-CoV-2 binding receptor ACE2. Herein we describe SARS-CoV-2 infection of the pulmonary endothelium in postmortem lung samples from individuals who died of COVID-19, demonstrating both heterogeneous ACE2 expression and endothelial damage. In primary endothelial cell cultures, we show that SARS-CoV-2 infection is dependent on the induction of ACE2 protein expression and that this process is facilitated by type 1 interferon-alpha (IFNα) or -beta(β)—two of the main anti-viral cytokines induced in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection—but not significantly by other cytokines (including interleukin 6 and interferon γ/λ). Our findings suggest that the stereotypical anti-viral interferon response may paradoxically facilitate the propagation of COVID-19 from the respiratory epithelium to the vasculature, raising concerns regarding the use of exogenous IFNα/β in the treatment of patients with COVID-19.