改良经皮微创修复术治疗急性闭合性跟腱断裂的疗效

目的 探讨改良经皮微创修复术对急性闭合性跟腱断裂患者踝关节功能的影响.方法 回顾性分析63例急性闭合性跟腱断裂患者的临床资料,均予以改良经皮微创修复术治疗,观察治疗后的优良率、手术时间、切口长度、平均住院时间及并发症发生率;比较术前、术后1、3、7个月的美国足踝外科协会(AOFAS)评分、跟腱完全断裂评分(ATRS)、视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分;分析AOFAS评分与ATRS评分、VAS评分的相关性;观察术后1、3、7个月的踝关节跖屈肌力、踝关节活动度、跟腱长度.结果 63例患者经改良经皮微创修复术治疗后优良率为92.06％;手术时间(33.72±6.52) min、切口长度(2.45±0.52) cm、平均住院时间(3.14±0.32)d;术后未出现感染、跟腱撕裂、跟腱再断裂等并发症;术后随访7个月,经B超、MRI等影像学检查,患侧跟腱修复良好,跟腱断端连续性良好.单因素方差分析显示,术后1、3、7个月的AOFAS评分、ATRS评分显著高于术前,而VAS评分低于术前,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).Pearson相关性分析显示,AOFAS评分与ATRS评分呈正相关(r=0.902,P＜0.05),与VAS评分呈负相关(r=-0.676,P＜0.05).单因素方差分析显示,术后7个月的踝关节跖屈肌力、踝关节活动度、跟腱长度高于术后1、3个月(P＜0.05);治疗后患者满意度为88.89％.结论 改良经皮微创修复术用于治疗急性闭合性跟腱断裂疗效显著,具有损伤小、手术时间短、术后恢复快等优势.     

Phytoplankton community,structure and succession delineated by partial least square regression in Daya Bay,South China Sea

Daya Bay is facing the influence of human activities and nature changes, which result in phytoplankton adjusting to the changing environment. The data about environmental changes and phytoplankton were obtained from four seasonal cruises in 2013 in the bay. It is helpful to explore seasonal succession of phytoplankton driven by the determining environmental factors in this bay. Temperature is a significant indicator of season change. The limiting factor of phytoplankton growth totally changed from P (PO₄-P) limiting during the southwest monsoon to Si (SiO₃-Si) limiting during northeast monsoon. The order of diatoms and dinoflagellates was the dominant phytoplankton groups in Daya Bay. The dominant species included chain-forming diatoms (Skeletonema, Pseudo-nitzschia, Thalassionema, Chaetoceros and Rhizosolenia) were found all the year round and filamentous cyanobacteria (Trichodesmium) in spring and autumn. Partial least square regression (PLS) found that salinity, temperature and nutrients were important driving force for phytoplankton seasonal succession.

     

Nitrogen dynamics in the mangrove sediments affected by crabs in the intertidal regions

Ecotoxicology - Crab is an important benthonic animal in mangrove ecosystem, however, the potential function of crabs on nitrogen (N) transformation in mangrove ecosystems is still poorly...     

Dynamics of radial oxygen loss in mangroves subjected to waterlogging

Tidal flooding can directly result in oxygen (O₂) shortage, however the functions of root aeration in flooding tolerance and O₂ dynamics within mangroves are still poorly understood. Thus, in this study, the correlations among waterlogging tolerance, root porosity and O₂ movement within the plants were investigated using two mangrove species (Aegiceras corniculatum and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza) and a semi-mangrove Heritiera littoralis. Based on the present data, the species A. corniculatum and B. gymnorrhiza, which possessed higher root porosity, exhibited higher waterlogging tolerance, while H. littoralis is intolerant. Increased root porosity, leaf stoma, and total ROL were observed in the roots of A. corniculatum and B. gymnorrhiza growing in stagnant solution when compared to respective aerated controls. As for ROL spatial pattern along roots, external anaerobic condition could promote ROL from apical root regions but reduce ROL from basal roots, leading to a ‘tighter barrier’. In summary, the present study indicated that the plants (e.g., A. corniculatum and B. gymnorrhiza) prioritized to ensure O₂ diffusion towards root tips under waterlogging by increasing aerenchyma formation and reducing O₂ leakage at basal root regions.

     

Attenuation of allograft rejection by intragraft inhibition of class II transcativator in high responder rat liver transplantation

Major histocompatibility complex‐II (MHC‐II) plays an important role in graft rejection and class II transactivator (CIITA) is the key regulator for MHC‐II expression. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of intragraft inhibition of CIITA in attenuating liver transplant rejection. Three plasmids containing small hairpin RNA (shRNA) against rat CIITA (pCIITA‐shRNA) and one control plasmid of pHK‐shRNA were constructed. In vitro dendritic cell (DC) transfection and liver transfection via portal vein in donor rats (n = 8) by shRNA plasmids were performed to confirm the inhibitory effect of pCIITA‐shRNA on CIITA expression. It showed that expressions of CIITA and MHC‐II were significantly inhibited by pCIITA‐shRNA in both DC in vitro and liver of donor rats in vivo (p < 0.05 vs. control pHK‐shRNA treatment). pCIITA1‐shRNA was proved to be the best inhibitor among three pCIITA‐shRNAs and then used in high‐responder rat liver transplantation model (DA donors‐to‐Lewis recipients). Transplant groups (n = 16/group) include untreated recipients transplanted with donor liver graft pretreated with either saline, or pHK‐shRNA, or pCIITA1‐shRNA. Cyclosporine‐treated (10 mg/kg, im, day 0–7) recipients transplanted with unmodified liver grafts were used as no rejection control. The results showed that the recipient rats survived significantly longer in pCIITA1‐shRNA‐treated group with markedly attenuated liver graft rejection (p < 0.05 vs. saline and pHK‐shRNA‐treated groups). Furthermore, significantly decreased intragraft expressions of CIITA, MHC‐II, IL‐2, and IFN‐γ were found in pCIITA1‐shRNA‐treated group (p < 0.05 vs. saline and pHK‐shRNA‐treated groups). This study suggests that intragraft inhibition of CIITA could be a novel strategy for attenuating graft rejection in liver transplantation. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 35:52–59, 2015.