Expression of neuron-specific enolase and olfactory marker protein in the developing olfactory mucosa of human fetuses]

OBJECTIVE: To study the expression of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and olfactory marker protein (OMP) in the developing olfactory mucosa of human fetuses. METHOD: The expression of NSE and OMP in the olfactory mucosa of 6 human fetuses (12, 16, 20, 24, 28 and 34 weeks) was studied using the technique of immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: NSE immunological positive reactions were seen in all 6 fetal mucosa from gestational 12 (G12) to G34, with plenty of positive-stained dual-pole neuron cells. At G12, the positive cells aligned tightly, the cell bodies were localized in the lower portion of olfactory epithelium and the positive-stained area occupied upper 2/3 of fetal nasal mucosa. With the development, the positive cells gradually became multilayer, but the density and the relative area of positive-cells reduced. At G34, the positive cells were located only in upper 1/3 of nasal mucosa. OMP-positive reactions were localized in a few dual-pole neurons at G12, the number was much less than NSE-positive cells in the same fetus. With the development, the OMP-positive cells gradually increased with most of the cell bodies located in the upper portion of epithelium, but number still relatively less than the NSE-positive cells at the same age. CONCLUSION: At G12, there were lots of olfactory neuron in the olfactory mucosa and only a few olfactory neurons had became mature. With the development, the olfactory epithelial area reduced but the number of mature olfactory neurons increased. At the last trimester, fetal olfactory sensor was almost matured.     

Atypical forms of isolated partial atrioventricular septal defect increase the risk of initial valve replacement and reoperation.

OBJECTIVE: We consider the short- and long-term outcomes of the repair of the isolated partial atrioventricular (AV) septal defect to determine the role played by the atypical forms on the initial AV valve replacement and on the risk of reoperation. METHODS: Two hundred and eight patients underwent an operation for this malformation between 1974 and 2001. Clinical and echocardiographic examinations were performed on all patients, the AV valve regurgitation was graded from 1 to 4 and a residual interatrial shunt was sought. Median age at the intervention was 5.8 years (3 months to 67 years). RESULTS: Median follow-up time was 7.5 years (range 0-22.6 years). The cumulative 30-day, 5- and 20-year survival rates were 96.5, 95.4 and 94.6%, respectively. AV valve replacement was associated with a high mortality (P<0.001). A reoperation was performed on 12 patients (5.7%) including six patients within less than a 30-day period, especially to repair residual AV valve regurgitation. We performed four AV valve repairs by annuloplasty and six AV valve replacements. Two patients who had initially undergone an AV valve replacement underwent a reoperation for valve thrombosis. The cumulative 30-day, 5- and 20-year rates of freedom from reoperation were 96.5, 93.6 and 83%, respectively. An atypical form was present in 24 patients (11.5%) and was a risk factor for initial AV valve replacement (P<0.001) and for reoperation (P<0.001). A complete AV block occurred in 13 patients (6.2%), all of them within a 30-day period. The AV valve replacement was a high risk factor for a complete AV block (P<0.001). At the end of our study 180 patients (96%) were in NYHA I and 8 in NYHA II. CONCLUSIONS: The morbi-mortality of the isolated partial AV septal defect is primarily perioperative and is linked with the presence of an atypical form of the lesion. This atypical form was the main reason for reoperation for AV valve regurgitation. The AV valve replacement was associated with a high mortality and with the occurrence of complete AV block. Using a standardized technique, the AV septal defect can be repaired with excellent long-term clinical and echographic results.     

弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤中CD40L的表达及意义

目的探讨弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤（DLBCL）组织中CD40L表达与DLBCL预后间的关系及意义。方法免疫组织化学法检测27例弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤、20例淋巴结反应性增生组织中CD40L的表达。结果（1）DLBCL中CD40L过度阳性率（25．93％）显著低于淋巴结反应性增生（63．64％），P〈0．05。（2）CD40L在Ⅲ、Ⅳ期DLBCL过度阳性率（14．29％）低于Ⅰ、Ⅱ期（38．46％），P〈0．05。CD40L过度阳性率在有结外浸润DLBCL（11．76％）低于无有结外浸润DLBCL（40％），P〈0．05。（3）DLBCL患者CD40L的过度阳性率与远处转移、临床分期均显著相关，P〈0．05。结论（1）CD40L过度阳性率与结外器官浸润及临床分期密切相关，其可能作为判断DLBCL侵袭性及预后的指标。（2）DLBCL中CD40L表达的减少可能是影响其发病的因素之一。     

食品中铬元素的含量分析

目的：了解常见食品中铬的含量，指导人群合理摄取铬元素，对糖尿病、动脉粥样硬化、冠心病患者的合理膳食提供理论依据。方法：用石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测定25种食品中铬含量。选用357．9μm波长，采用二步干燥。测定回收率为92．6％--98．1％，相关系数r＝0．9987，回归方程Y＝0．0l19C 0．0766。结果：肉、蛋类中铬含量在102—532μg/kg之间，谷、豆和坚果类铬含量在104．1—355μg/kg之间，蔬菜、水果类铬合量在35．8—214．7μg/kg之间。结论：铬含量以动物性食品最高，谷类食物居中，蔬菜、水果较低。     

Partial splenic embolization for hypersplenism concomitant with or after arterial embolization of hepatocellular carcinoma in 30 patients

Purpose To study the value of partial splenic embolization (PSE) for the treatment of hypersplenism in patients undergoing embolization of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods Transcatheter hepatic arterial embolization (THAE) combined with PSE was performed in 30 patients with HCC complicating liver cirrhosis, portal hypertension, and hypersplenism. Gelfoam sponge was used as the embolic material for PSE and limited to 100–150 pieces. Results More than 50% of splenic parenchyma was infarcted in 27 patients. Leukopenia and thrombocytopenia were corrected by PSE in 25 of 27 patients with hypersplenism. In 26 patients with esophageal varices, including 5 patients with bleeding, no rebleeding occurred during a 6–17 month follow-up. Hypersplenism was not corrected in 2 of 3 patients whose infarcted splenic parenchyma was less than 50%. No splenic abscesses or other severe complications were observed. Of the 30 patients treated, 19 are still alive after 1 year. Conclusions THAE combined with PSE is a safe and effective measure for patients with HCC.     

Z-3-(2-羟基丁烯基)苯酞的合成研究

研究目的探讨苯酞类天然产物的合成方法及其生物活性。研究方法以邻苯二甲酐为底物，首先引入丁烯基，再进行烯丙位氧化，制得目标化合物。结果通过丁基锂反应，得到了具有药物活性的丁烯基苯酞，然后利用SeO2烯丙位氧化，首次合成了Z－3－（2－羟基丁烯基）苯酞。结论此合成方法原料易得，方法简便，为苯酞类化合物的合成研究提供了一个新的途径。     

某化工厂1987～2000年164例工伤事故调查分析

目的调查分析某化工厂工伤事故的分布规律及其危险因素,以便采取相应的预防干预措施。方法对1987～2000年该化工厂发生的工伤事故进行回顾性调查分析,建立数据库,并统计分析。结果 ①事故以轻伤为主,约占80.0％。②事故类别主要是灼烫烧伤和机械伤害,分别为工伤事故总数的35.8％、28.5％。③工伤伤害性质以骨折多见,约为总数的56.1％。④受伤工人的年龄分布以30～40岁段为主,约为总数的31.1％。⑤工伤事故原因中注意力不集中和违反操作规程分别为总数的43.0％,38.3％。结论12根据上述流行病学特点,采取相应的措施来减少工伤事故的发生。     

基础医学教师课堂教学质量评价

为了了解本科教师的教学质量和教学效果 ,教学专家和学生评价了 14 7位基础医学教师。结果显示 ,讲师以上职称教师的教学质量明显好于初级职称教师 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,高级职称教师教学的科学性、艺术性和思想性明显好于讲师和助教 (P<0 .0 5 )。文章还对教学中存在的问题和对策进行了讨论。     

环境生物测试技术对沉积物的毒性评价研究

作者采用５种环境生物测试技术对化工沉积物的毒性进行了评价，结果表明化工沉积物对卤虫（海洋生物）、美丽猛水蚤（河口生物）、大型水蚤（淡水生物）及斑马鱼都有一定毒性，其中斑马鱼胚胎仔鱼对化工沉积物的毒性最敏感。作者指出５种环境生物测试技术都可以用来评价沉积物的毒性。