带血管甲状腺-甲状旁腺移植术5例报告

用带血管的胎儿甲状旁腺移植术治疗甲状旁腺机能低下症,共行手术6次(腹腔内移植5次,股三角区移植1次),6次中有3例术后发生4次排斥反应。经1年8月至3.5年随防,疗效显著者2例,有效2例,失败1例。本文讨论了有关甲状旁腺移植的手术方法、注意事项、免疫抑制剂应用等问题。     

肝癌患者用生物免疫制剂后单核细胞及枯否细胞体外抗人肝癌细胞效应

15例肝癌患者施行外科治疗,12例兼用卡介苗、混合菌苗及干扰素,3例不用免疫治疗为对照。分离患者血单核细胞(MC)与淋巴细胞(LC)及肝枯否细胞(KC),以人肝癌细胞株为靶细胞(TC)。结果:①首次用免疫制剂7d后,MC对TC抑增殖作用及杀伤作用明显高于用药前,3次用药后MC抑TC效应提高至84％,对照组的仍为45％;②首次用药后7d,KC对TC的抑增殖率和杀伤率分别较对照组高0.5倍和1倍;③用免疫制剂后,血T细胞总数及Th数持续升高,T_s则显著下降。研究表明三联免疫制剂可有效地增强患者抗肝癌细胞的免疫功能。     

Carotid intima-media thickness in Parkinson's disease.

There have been a few studies and inconsistent results regarding the coincidence of Parkinson's disease (PD) and atherosclerotic diseases, such as cerebrovascular disease. Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) is a known marker for subclinical atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the carotid IMT between PD patients and controls. We studied 43 patients with PD and 86 matched controls. The carotid IMT in PD patients was significantly smaller than in controls (0.796 +/- 0.179 mm vs. 0.913 +/- 0.237 mm, P < 0.05). In multivariate analysis, the carotid IMT was inversely associated with the duration of levodopa medication and the severity of PD. These results suggest that PD patients have a lower risk of atherosclerosis.     

Paired kidney analysis of tacrolimus and cyclosporine microemulsion-based therapy in Chinese cadaveric renal transplant recipients

Few studies used paired kidneys for comparison between tacrolimus and cyclosporine in renal transplantation. Most of the published data used whole blood trough levels for drug monitoring. However, the use of limited sampling strategy and abbreviated formula to estimate the 12-h area under concentration-time curve (AUC(0-12)) allowed better prediction of drug exposure. Sixty-six first cadaveric renal transplant recipients receiving paired kidneys were randomized to receive either tacrolimus-based (n = 33) or cyclosporine microemulsion (Neoral)-based therapies (n = 33). Abbreviated AUC(0-12) was used for drug monitoring and dose titration. Mean follow-up duration was 2.8 +/- 2 years. The patient and graft survival were comparable. Fewer incidence of acute rejection was observed in tacrolimus group (15% vs. 27.3%) though the difference was not significant (P = 0.23). The absolute value and the rate of decline of creatinine clearance were both significantly better in tacrolimus-treated patients. Prevalence of hypertension, post-transplant diabetes mellitus, infection, and malignancy were similar in both groups. Prevalence of hypercholesterolemia (11/33 vs. 4/33) and gum hypertrophy (6/33 vs. 1/33) was more common in cyclosporine-treated patients (P = 0.04 in both parameters). This was the first prospective, randomized study with paired kidney analysis showing the renal function was significantly better in tacrolimus-treated patients than in cyclosporine-treated patients.     

Factors Affecting Cardiac Catheterization Rates in Elders with Acute Coronary Syndromes

Background: Elder patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) are less likely to receive cardiac catheterization. The reasons for this are unclear.
Objectives: To assess whether elder patients who had a documented history of dementia, lived in extended care facilities, or had do not intubate–do not resuscitate (DNR-DNI) advance directives were less likely to receive cardiac catheterization, despite having ACS with high-risk features.
Methods: This was a medical record review conducted at an urban teaching hospital. DNR-DNI status before hospitalization, extended care facility (nursing home or assisted living) residence, and a previous diagnosis of dementia were obtained from the medical record. Patients 65 years and older who presented to the emergency department with acute myocardial infarction or with unstable angina with ST segment deviation were included. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were performed, and odds ratios (ORs) were reported with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
Results: Of the 201 eligible patients, 66 (32.8%) patients did not undergo cardiac catheterization. In the univariate analysis, patients who had dementia, resided in extended care facilities, or were DNR-DNI were less likely to receive cardiac catheterization. Only extended care facility residence (OR, 0.18; 95% CI = 0.04 to 0.83) and DNR-DNI status (OR, 0.19; 95% CI = 0.04 to 0.92) remained significantly associated with decreased cardiac catheterization in the multivariate analysis.
Conclusions: Elder patients with ACS residing in extended care facilities or who are DNR-DNI are less likely to receive cardiac catheterization. Future studies concerning the quality of ACS care for elders should take these variables into account.     

重视神经康复的教学问题

随着老年人口比例的不断增大,脑血管病的发病率很难下降,卒中的一个显著特点是致残率高,继发障碍如肌萎缩、关节挛缩、足下垂、足内翻、肩关节半脱位等的根本原因是患肢的长期制动,幸存者不同程度地丧失劳动能力,早期康复训练可以大大降低其程度.而有些神经系统疾病,如遗传性疾病,甚至完全依赖于神经康复的治疗和护理.为提高患者的生活质量,康复治疗的重要性已为越来越多的人所认识.     

特素联合卡铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌28例临床研究

目的 评价特素（紫杉醇注射液）联合卡铂（伯尔定）方案治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）的疗效和不良反应.方法 收集我院2004年3月～2006年12月收治的Ⅲb～Ⅳ期的NSCLC患者28例,进行特素（紫杉醇注射液）联合卡铂（伯尔定）化疗.全部患者均有可测量的指标.给药方法：特素135～175mg/m2d1＋卡铂5mg·ml^-1·min^-1d2,静脉注射,28天为一周期.结果 全组总有效率50.0%,Ⅲb期有效率62.5%,Ⅳ期有效率45.0%.化疗副反应主要是骨髓抑制及消化道反应,其中Ⅲ～Ⅳ度分别为24.0%、10.7%.结论 特素联合卡铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌治疗有效,耐受性良好.     

腹腔镜卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿剔除术对卵巢控制性超促排卵的影响

目的探讨腹腔镜卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿剔除术对卵巢控制性超促排卵(controlled ovarian hyperstimulation, COH)的影响.方法对161例(172周期)既往开腹或腹腔镜确诊的子宫内膜异位症合并不育患者行体外受精-胚胎移植术COH和助孕结局进行回顾性分析.其中42例(43周期)未行卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿剔除术,为非囊肿剔除组;55例(59周期)曾行开腹卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿剔除术,为开腹组;64例(70周期)曾行腹腔镜卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿剔除术,为腹腔镜组.结果 3组间年龄、卵泡数、获卵数、受精率、优质胚胎数、移植胚胎数无显著性差异(P>0.05).非囊肿剔除组临床妊娠率41.5%(17/41),腹腔镜组33.3%(23/69),开腹组25.5%(14/55),差异无显著性(χ2=2.754,P=0.252).86例(90周期)行单侧卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿剔除术,其中开腹组(37周期)手术侧卵巢的主导卵泡数(4.41±4.02)低于对侧卵巢(6.14±4.37)(t=-2.364,P=0.024).腹腔镜组(53周期)手术侧卵巢主导卵泡数(3.33±3.50)明显低于对侧卵巢(6.40±3.61)(t=-5.358,P=0.000).结论腹腔镜和开腹卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿剔除术均可影响卵巢COH.     

武汉市3～5岁儿童牙齿酸蚀症的研究

目的：调查武汉市3～5岁儿童的酸蚀症流行状况；评价儿童饮用饮料和饮食习惯、口腔卫生习惯与酸蚀症的关系。方法：随机抽样武汉市4所幼儿园3～5岁儿童共500人。对所有儿童进行酸蚀症和龋齿发病情况的临床检查以及问卷调查，问卷内容包括：儿童每天消耗饮料或食物的频率，以及口腔健康行为。收集酸蚀症儿童和无酸蚀症儿童各20人，对其唾液pH值、流速和缓冲能力进行测定和比较。结果：武汉市3—5岁儿童酸蚀症的患病率为9．3％。儿童睡觉时含奶瓶、喝饮料的习惯与酸蚀症的发生呈正相关。酸蚀症儿童和对照组儿童唾液分析结果无显著性差异。结论：预防酸蚀症应该减少酸性食物及饮料的消费量及频率。