北京某郊区乙型肝炎的流行病学研究

从1982年6月到1983年6月我们研究了北京近郊-个农业生产大队HBV感染的自然史。1982年对全体人员的84%(491人)用固相放射免疫分析法(SPRIA)检测了HBV标记,HBsAg阳性率为7.3%,抗-HBs是36.7%,抗-HBc是45.6%,HBV总感染率52.3%。男性HBsAg阳性率是女性的1.5倍(8.9%对5.9%,P>0.05)。HBsAg阳性者中56%是15岁以下的儿童。抗-HBs、抗-HBc和总HBV感染率男女性都无显著差异。1983年复查了398人(81%)。191名在1982年HBV标记阴性者中有6人获得了HBV标记,HBV新感染率3.1%,6人都是亚临床感染。1982年HBsAg阳性的31人有28人在1983年变成了HBsAg慢性携带者,HBsAg慢性携带率占HBV感染者的13.6%。抗-HBs阳性者占HBV感染者的70%。     

解脲支原体感染与胎膜早破的关系

用ＰＣＲ技术同时检测３０例胎膜早破（ＰＲＯＭ）和２２例非胎膜早破（ＮＰＲＯＭ）的新生儿咽吸出物、胎盘组织及脐静脉血清中解脲支原体（Ｕｎ）感染率，发现ＰＲＯＭ组咽吸出物Ｕｕ阳性率为３６．６７％，ＮＰＲＯＭ组咽吸出物Ｕｎ阳性率为９．０９％，差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）。胎盘，脐血中Ｕｕ阳性率于两组间无显著差异，ＰＲＯＭ产妇中，新生儿咽吸出物Ｕｕ＋的平均ＩＭＲＤ为４５．０８小时，Ｕｕ－的平均ＩＭＲＤ为２８．３４小时，差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）；而孕妇胎盘组织、脐血Ｕｕ＋组与Ｕｕ－组平均ＩＭＲＤ显著差异。结果表明羊水解脲支原体感染能导致胎膜早破。     

Calot三角的应用解剖学

本对50例成年尸体Calot三角的形状，内容和位置关系作了调查，并进行了讨论，尤其是对于胆囊动脉在Calot三角内的有关情况作了探讨。     

野外γ谱法测定广东高本底地区土壤中放射性核素浓度及照射量率

用一带微型计算机的NaI(T1)γ谱测量系统, 对高本底及对照地区的32个点进行现场γ谱测置.确定各测量点现场土壤中各天然放射性核素的平均浓度及单个核案对照射量率的贡献。并给出各辐射场的总照射量率。现场测量前, 在海面上测定了本底谱。     

THY1 is a candidate tumour suppressor gene with decreased expression in metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Using oligonucleotide microarray analysis, THY1, mapping close to a previously defined 11q22-23 nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) critical region was identified as showing consistent downregulated expression in the tumour segregants, as compared to their parental tumour-suppressing microcell hybrids (MCHs). Gene expression and protein analyses show that THY1 was not expressed in the NPC HONE1 recipient cells, tumour segregants, and other NPC cell lines; THY1 was exclusively expressed in the non-tumourigenic MCHs. The mechanism of THY1 gene inactivation in these cell lines was attributed to hypermethylation. Clinical study showed that in 65% of NPC specimens there was either downregulation or loss of THY1 gene expression. Using a tissue microarray and immunohistochemical staining, 44% of the NPC cases showed downregulated expression of THY1 and 9% lost THY1 expression. The frequency of THY1 downregulated expression in lymph node metastatic NPC was 63%, which was significantly higher than in the primary tumour (33%). After transfection of THY1 gene into HONE1 cells, a dramatic reduction of colony formation ability was observed. These findings suggest that THY1 is a good candidate tumour suppressor gene in NPC, which is significantly associated with lymph node metastases.     

Optimal classes of chemotherapeutic agents sensitized by specific small-molecule inhibitors of akt in vitro and in vivo

Akt is a serine/threonine kinase that transduces survival signals from survival/growth factors. Deregulation and signal imbalance in cancer cells make them prone to apoptosis. Upregulation or activation of Akt to aid the survival of cancer cells is a common theme in human malignancies. We have developed small-molecule Akt inhibitors that are potent and specific. These Akt inhibitors can inhibit Akt activity and block phosphorylation by Akt on multiple downstream targets in cells. Synergy in apoptosis induction was observed when Akt inhibitors were combined with doxorubicin or camptothecin. Akt inhibitor-induced enhancement of topoisomerase inhibitor cytotoxicity was also evident in long-term cell survival assay. Synergy with paclitaxel in apoptosis induction was evident in cells pretreated with paclitaxel, and enhancement of tumor delay by paclitaxel was demonstrated through cotreatment with Akt inhibitor Compound A (A-443654). Combination with other classes of chemotherapeutic agents did not yield any enhancement of cytotoxicity. These findings provide important guidance in selecting appropriate classes of chemotherapeutic agents for combination with Akt inhibitors in cancer treatment.     

Using tree analysis pattern and SELDI-TOF-MS to discriminate transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder cancer from noncancer patients

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether SELDI protein profiling of urine coupled with a tree analysis pattern could differentiate TCC from noncancer patients. METHODS: The ProteinChip Arrays were performed on a ProteinChip PBS II reader of the ProteinChip Biomarker System. The study was divided into two phases: a preliminary phase with construction of tree analysis pattern, and a testing phase with test urine samples. Generation of the tree analysis pattern was performed by a training data set consisting of 104 samples. The validity of the tree analysis pattern was then challenged with a test set of 68 samples. RESULTS: Average of 187 mass peaks was detected in the urine samples, and five of these peaks were used to construct the tree analysis pattern. The classification pattern correctly predicted 91.67-94.64% of the samples for both of the two groups in the training set, for an overall correct classification of about 93%. The pattern correctly predicted 72.0% (49 of 68) of the test samples, with 71.4% (25 of 35) of the TCC samples, 72.7% (24 of 33) of the noncancer samples. CONCLUSIONS: The high sensitivity and specificity obtained by the urine protein profiling approach demonstrate that SELDI-TOF-MS combined with a tree analysis pattern can both facilitate discriminate TCC bladder cancer with noncancer and provide an innovative clinical diagnostic platform improve the detection of TCC bladder cancer patients.     

Magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging in the diagnosis of diffuse liver diseases in rats

Background The diagnosis of diffuse hepatic lesions in early stage is a tough task at any time for clinical conventional imaging. Magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging (MR DWI) can detect the changes of tissue structure at molecular level. This study was designed to determine the value of DWI in the diagnosis of diffuse liver lesions in early stage.
Methods Diffuse liver lesions were induced by diethylnitrosamine in 42 rats of test group. Fourteen rats in control group were fed with pure water. Dynamic changes of MR DWI were observed every week in both groups during the early stage of diffuse liver lesions (1 to 12 weeks after drug administration in the test group). Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of liver parenchyma in different stages and pathologic changes were analyzed.
Results The process of diffuse hepatic lesions in the test group was classified into three stages according to pathological changes, namely hepatitis, hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis. No obvious morphological changes were shown by conventional imaging in both groups during this stage. But MR DWI demonstrated heterogeneous signal changes in early stage of hepatic cirrhosis in the test group. No significant change of ADC values was found in the control group between different weeks (P>0.05). The ADC values of the test group declined from the fifth week, and after the tenth week the ADC values were significantly different between the test and control groups at gradient factor (b) value 300 sec/mm2 (P<0.05). At b value 600 and 1000 sec/mm2, significant difference was seen between the two groups from the sixth week onward. The range of ADC value of the groups was (1.7-0.9)±(0.40-0.04) mm2/sec (b=600) and (1.38-0.75)±(0.07-0.35) mm2/sec (b=1000), respectively. Dominant pathological changes included swelled hepatocytes within 1 to 4 weeks after the administration of diethylnitrosamine in the test group, hyperplasia of fibrous tissues in 5-8 weeks and formation of cirrhotic nodules in 9-12 weeks.
Conclusions MR functional DWI could detect diffuse liver lesions earlier than conventional morphological imaging. ADC value as a marker for early diagnosis of diffuse liver lesions could also be used to inspect changes of the lesions.