TUVP手术时间对血红蛋白及电解质的影响

目的 了解经尿道前列腺汽化电切手术时间对血红蛋白及血清电解质的影响。方法 对64例经尿道前列腺汽化电切术患按手术时间分组，观察手术前后血红蛋白及血清电解质的变化。结果 手术时间对血清电解质的降低有的影响，对血红蛋白降低的影响不显。结论 减少TUR综合征的关键是要操作熟练，缩短手术时间及手术中注意止血。     

青年性前部视网膜劈裂锯齿缘断离及视网膜脱离

目的：探讨青年性前部视网膜劈裂锯齿缘断离及视网膜脱离的临床特点、治疗及其预后。方法：对青年性前部视网膜劈裂锯齿缘断离合并视网膜脱离患者10例20只眼进行常规检眼镜眼底及Goldmann三面镜联合巩膜压陷检查，根据不同情况进行激光光凝，或巩膜冷凝外加压手术治疗，并随访1～5年。结果：共lO例，年龄17～32岁，8例为双眼患病，病变位于颞下，双侧对称。11眼同时患有前部视网膜劈裂、锯齿缘断离及视网膜脱离，3眼患有前部视网膜劈裂及锯齿缘断离，1眼仅有前部视网膜劈裂，3眼仅有锯齿缘断离其中2眼合并视网膜脱离。13眼合并视网膜脱离者采用巩膜冷凝外加压术，全部一次治愈，5眼行激光封闭锯齿缘断离及劈裂区。随访期间未见视网膜脱离，视力均有不同程度提高。结论：青年性前部视网膜劈裂锯齿缘断离及视网膜脱离有典型的临床特点，尽早发现、适宜治疗，预后良好。     

微血管减压术治疗舌咽神经痛16例临床分析

目的　研究舌咽神经痛 (glossopharyngealneuralgia,GPN)手术治疗的最佳术式 ,评估微血管减压手术(microvasculardecompression ,MVD)的效果、并发症和随访结果 ,探讨可能的治疗机制。方法　 2 0 0 0年 12月到2 0 0 3年 10月间 ,16例GPN患者接受了MVD ,无一例行神经根切断术。患者全部进行了电话或信件随访。结果　15例患者术后疼痛消失 ,1例患者为不典型GPN ,术后疼痛减轻。 1例患者术后出现轻度声音嘶哑和吞咽困难 ,1例患者出现偶发干咳。本组患者平均随访时间为 14 .1± 6 .3月 ,随访期间无一例复发。结论　MVD是治疗舌咽神经痛的一种安全、有效的手术方式 ,尤其适用于典型的GPN患者。     

大鼠自体异体表皮细胞悬液混合移植的实验研究

目的　探讨自、异体表皮细胞悬液混合移植技术在创面修复中的应用。　方法　 30只大鼠随机配成 15对后 ,分成细胞悬液移植组 (A组 ,10对 )和细胞膜片移植组 (B组 ,5对 )。取每只大鼠全厚皮 ,分离表皮细胞 ,并根据配对情况按 1∶1的细胞比例混合 ,体外常规培养。 4d后收获A组混合细胞悬液 ,14d后收获B组混合细胞膜片。将此细胞悬液和膜片分别转移至A、B组相应供体大鼠的去全厚皮创面。随后A组每对大鼠的创面交叉覆盖配对方的异体全厚皮 ;B组创面覆盖胶原膜及“优妥”敷料。比较移植后 2～ 3周两组的创面修复情况。　结果　术后 2～ 3周 ,A组创面大多愈合 ,表面光滑 ,与皮下连接紧密。术后第 5天 ,B组创面部分细胞膜片脱落 ,部分成活 ,膜片成活的创面后期再次出现小创面 ,经久不愈。　结论　自、异体表皮细胞悬液混合移植是一种可行的、体内构建皮肤、修复创面的方法。     

显微锁孔手术治疗脑干及其周围病变

目的 将显微锁孔手术应用于脑干及其周围病变的外科治疗，探求以最小的创伤来取得最佳的手术疗效。方法 采用颞下锁孔人路、乳突后锁孔人路、枕下正中锁孔人路，以20mm左右直径的骨窗进行脑干及其周围病变的显微手术治疗。结果 本组16例例病人术后3d内均行MRI或DSA检查，肿瘤或动静脉畸形全切除11例，次全切除3例，部分切除1例，1例小脑后下动脉瘤成功夹闭。术中输血3例。并发脑脊液耳漏1例，硬膜下积液1例，1例术后持续昏迷40d苏醒，无死亡及感染病例。结论 锁孔人路微创技术处理脑干及其周围病变，因其手术创伤小，疗效佳，费用节省，值得临床推广应用。     

小切口胆囊切除术108例临床观察

本文报告腹部切口５－８ｃｍ的小切口胆囊切除术１０８例，与同期大切口胆囊切除术相比，具有创伤较小、恢复较快、并发症少、切口疤痕小的优点，虽不如腹腔镜胆囊切除术（ＬＣ）的疼痛轻、恢复快，但并症比ＬＣ少，只要适应症选择得当，在术者的经验和技术较成熟的情况下，不昔为一种可供选择的方法。     

Effect of Central Muscarine Receptor Blockade with DKJ-21 on the Blood Pressure and Heart Rate in Stress-Induced Hypertensive Rats

Da-Nian Zhu, Long-Mei Xue, Peng Li. Effect of central muscarine receptor blockade. with DKJ-21 on the blood pressure and heart rote in stress-induced hypertensive rats.

The experiments were performed on Wistar or Sprague-Dawley rats of both sexes divided at random into stress and control groups. The rats in the stress groups were put into cages and subjected to electric foot-shocks and noises for 9-15 days, which caused an increase in blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR). In hypertensive rats DKJ-21 (4mg/lml) was injected intravenously (i.v.), and 0.5-1.0h after administration the BP and HR dropped from the high level to normotensive level. In normotensive rats, however, administration of DKJ-21 had no effect on BP or HR. In separate groups of normotensive rats, pretreatment of DKJ-21 (4 mg/l ml, i.v.) blocked the pressor and tachycardiac effect induced by microinjection of physostigmine (0.4μg/0.1 /μl/site), corticosterone (40μg/0.1μl/site) or aldosterone (40 μg/0.1 μl/site) into the rostral ventrolateral medulla (rVLM). Furthermore, DKJ-21 also attenuated the enhancement of the pressor response to stimulation of the defense area in the midbrain, which was induced by microinjection of drugs (mentioned above) into the rVLM. These results indicate that i.v. DKJ-21 can selectively block the muscarinic receptors in the rVLM in stress-induced hypertensive rats, which suggests that abnormal enhancement of cholinergic mechanism in the rVLM may be related to hypertensive effects of corticoids in this area.     

Features of pediatric head injury in Hong Kong

Head injury in children causes special concern in most communities. From 1989 to 1994, 2,785 children younger than 16 years old were admitted to our neurosurgical service because of head injury. Fall from a height was the major cause of head injury leading to admission in infants and children in preschool age groups, whereas traffic-related or bicycle-related accidents were more likely to be the cause of head injury for those aged 11–15 years. In all age groups there was a male preponderance. The overall mortality was 0.6%. Traffic-ralated accidents caused more severe injury and accounted for 67% of all fatalities. For patients under 6 years old, about 40% of head injuries occurred at home. Preventive measures for pediatric head injury in Hong Kong are suggested.     

精氨酸加压素（AVP）的衍生物AVP4—8不能作用于AVPV1a受体而诱发电流反应

在微量注射大量肝脏ｍＲＮＡ之后，通过电压箝方法进行功能鉴定，两栖类卵母细胞成功地表达了ＡＶＰＶ１ａ受体。但在灌流ＡＶ４－８溶液时，却不能诱导卵母细胞产生内向振荡电流反应。提示ＡＶＰ４－８不能通过ＡＶＰＶ１ａ受体而介导生理学效应。     

Effect of unilateral bite splint on mastication in the miniature pig

Unilateral premature occlusal contacts are known to alter masticatory activity levels during clenching, but whether natural chewing is similarly affected is not known. The purpose of this study was to analyse the effects of a unilateral bite splint on mastication. Eleven experiments were carried out using three miniature pigs. Electromyography of the masticatory muscles and movements of the jaw were recorded during natural chewing before and after inserting a bite splint on the second and third deciduous premolars. In contrast to human clenching, the integrated activities of the jaw-closing muscles increased, especially on the contralateral side. The increases were mainly due to the prolongation of the burst durations. Jaw opening activity was increased as well. The frequency of mastication fell slightly and the animal preferred to chew food on the bite splint side. These results demonstrate the importance within the particular experimental conditions of the occlusal condition in regulating chewing behaviour.