冠心病合并其他器质性心脏病的外科治疗

目的分析冠心病合并其他器质性心脏病的临床特点,探讨一期外科治疗的方法和临床疗效。方法分析2004年4月至2006年4月冠心病合并其他器质性心脏病患者13例,其中风湿性心脏病联合瓣膜病1例,二尖瓣病变4例,二尖瓣退行性病变3例,主动脉瓣关闭不全3例,升主动脉瘤1例,继发孔房缺1例。因冠心病首诊入院5例,以其他器质性心脏病首诊入院8例。术前有心绞痛症状者8例,无心绞痛5例。体外循环下一期外科治疗。结果无死亡病例,13例均顺利出院。冠脉搭桥+瓣膜置换8例,冠脉搭桥+瓣膜成形3例,冠脉搭桥+Bentall+室壁瘤切除1例,冠脉搭桥+房缺修补1例。手术中搭桥1～3支,平均(1.92±0.73)支。术后1周,左心室舒张末内径(LVDD)为(51.77±2.64)mm,较术前[(58.92±3.81)mm]明显缩小(P<0.05)。随访3个月,心绞痛症状完全消失,心功能(NYHA)明显提高(P<0.05)。结论冠心病合并其他器质性心脏病临床症状无特异性,容易漏诊。虽然手术风险性和难度增加,但未得到血液重建,对患者更将是致命性的灾难,应争取一期手术。     

抗凋亡蛋白BFL1/hA1研究进展

在细胞凋亡的调控过程中，Bcl-2家族蛋白发挥了关键作用。BFL1／hA1是Bcl-2家族中分子结构、作用途径和转录调控研究得比较深入的一个分子。BFL1／hA1通过与Bcl-2家族促凋亡成员Bid的功能形式tBid的BH3结构域紧密结合，阻止了tBid与促凋亡蛋白Bak和Bax相互作用，从而阻止了细胞色素C向胞质中释放，抑制细胞凋亡的发生。佛波酯（phobol ester）和炎症细胞因子如肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白介素-1β（IL-1β）等可以有效地诱导BFL1／hA1的表达。包括NF-κB在内的多种转录因子通过蛋白质和蛋白质及蛋白质和DNA相互作用形成一个大的转录调控复合物——增强体结合到BFL1／hA1基因的5’调控区，促进其转录水平的上调。     

高海拔地区精神分裂症患考临床特征分析

目的:了解高海拔环境对精神分裂症的影响。方法:对106例高海拔地区精神分裂症患者(高海拔组)的临床特征、疗效、药物副作用进行调查,与同期106例平原精神分裂症患者(平原组)对照。结果:高海拔组临床症状以幻觉、疑病妄想、夸大妄想、紧张冲动行为及焦虑、抑郁等精神症状出现频率较高,而对照组以被害妄想、情感淡漠等精神症状出现频率较高(P<0.01或P<0.05);入院时高海拔组总体病情较重(P<0.01);两组间疗效无显著性差异;高海拔组药物不良反应多于平原组。结论:高海拔地区精神分裂症患者临床特征、总体病情严重程度、药物不良反应与平原地区有一定区别,可能与高海拔环境有关。     

乳腺癌X线表现分析

目的分析乳腺癌典型及不典型X线征象,提高对乳腺癌不典型X线表现的认识。方法对61例经手术病理证实的乳腺癌资料进行回顾性分析。结果61例乳腺癌主要X线征象:肿块39例;微小钙化30例;不伴肿块及微小钙化的乳腺局部结构紊乱4例、星芒征3例、非对称性密度增高3例。结论肿块及微小钙化是乳腺癌最主要、最直接的X线征象,但部分乳腺癌X线上缺乏上述2种表现,单纯以结构紊乱、非对称性密度增高或星芒征为主要表现。提高对此类乳腺癌不典型X线表现的认识,有利于防止误、漏诊。     

60Co-γ射线全身低剂量率辐照对小鼠血浆中IL-12和IL-10的影响

目的研究低剂量电离辐射对小鼠免疫系统影响的剂量率效应。方法以^60Co-γ射线为辐照源，低、中和高3个辐射剂量（0．075、0．5、2．0Gy），恒定剂量率（0．5mGy／min）全身一次性照射小鼠，ELISA检测照射4h后血浆IL-12和IL-10的含量。结果低、中剂量照射后，血浆中IL-12、IL-10和IL-12／IL-10出现程度几乎相同地下降；但高剂量照射后，IL-12进一步显著下降，而IL-10上升至对照组水平，IL-12／IL-10比值进一步下降。结论恒定0．5mGy／min剂量率的^60Co-γ射线照射可损伤机体免疫功能，在0．075～0．5Gy剂量范围内损伤轻微，在2．0Gy时损伤明显，表明低剂量率电离辐射对免疫系统具有损伤作用。     

Long-term vardenafil therapy improves hemodynamics in patients with pulmonary hypertension.

The phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitor, sildenafil, has been reported to produce sustained pulmonary vasodilatation in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH). Recently, vardenafil, a more potent and selective PDE-5 inhibitor than sildenafil, has been approved for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. However, the long-term effects of oral vardenafil in patients with PH are unknown. We studied five consecutive patients with PH; one with primary pulmonary hypertension, two with chronic pulmonary thromboembolism, one with Eisenmenger syndrome (ventricular septal defect) and one with secondary pulmonary hypertension after a ventricular septal defect closure operation. In an acute hemodynamic trial, vardenafil (5 mg) significantly decreased both the pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) with an increase in cardiac output. In a chronic hemodynamic trial, the maintenance dose of vardenafil (10 to 15 mg) for 3 months significantly decreased the PVR, but not the SVR, with a 20.7% reduction of the PVR/ SVR ratio. Plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels were also significantly decreased after 3 months. This pilot study demonstrates that long-term oral vardenafil therapy may be a safe and effective treatment for patients with PH.     

腹部恶性纤维组织细胞瘤28例临床分析

目的探讨腹部恶性纤维组织细胞瘤的诊治方法。方法回顾性分析28例腹部恶性纤维组织细胞瘤的临床表现、影像学特征、病理学特点、治疗方法、疗效和预后。结果28例中17例来源于腹膜后，6例来源于腹腔脏器，3例来源于肠系膜，2例来源于腹壁，主要临床表现为明显消瘦，体重减轻、腹痛和腹部肿块。B超和CT扫描提示腹部占位性病变。肿瘤≥2个24例，单发4例。根治性切除17例，部分切除11例，术后联合化疗16例，联合放疗14例。术后1、3、5年生存率分别为76．9％，26．9％和3．9％。结论腹部恶性纤维组织细胞瘤主要来源于腹膜后，常多发，手术切除是首选的治疗方法，术后联合放化疗，可能改善患者预后。     

Risk factors and ankle brachial indexes in cerebral infarction combined with peripheral arterial disease

BACKGROUND: Ankle brachial index(ABI)is widely involved in researches and clinical application of peripheral vascular injury of patients with diabetes (DM);however ,the application in cerebral infarction(CI)is rare.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possible risk factor of cerebral infarction plus peripheral arterial disease(PAD),compare metabolic characteristics of patients who having CI plus PAD or only having CI,and understand the significance of ABI on screening and diagnosing CI plus PAD of lower limb.DESIGN: Contrast observation based on CI patients.SETTING: Deparment of Neurology,Nanxishan Hospital of Guangxi Zhang Autonomous Region.PARTICIPANTS:A total of 124 CI patients were selected from Department of Neurology.Nanxishan Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from July 2005 to April 2006,including 72 males and 52 females aged from 45 to 88 years.All patients met the diagnostic criteria of cerebrovascular disease established by National Academic Conference of Cerebrovascular Diseases in 1995 and determined as cerebral infarction with MRI or CT examination.All patients provided informed consent.There were 46 cases(37.2%)with CI plus PAD and 78 cases(62.8%)only with CI.METHODS: Blood pressure of bilateral ankles and upper extremities was measured at plain clinostatism with DINAMAP blood pressure monitor(GE Company).The ratio between average systolic pressure of lateral ankle and average systolic pressure of both upper extremities was regarded as ABI.The normal ABI was equal to or more than 0.9.If ABI＜0.9 occurred at one side,patients were diagnosed as PAD.On the second morning after hospitalization,blood was collected to measure fasting blood glucose(FBG),2-hour postprandial blood glucose(PBG2h),glycosylated hemoglobin(HbAlc),triglycerides(TG),total cholesterol(TC),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C).Among them,blood glucose.lipid and other biochemical markers were measured with enzyme chemistry assay and HbA1c was measured with HbA1c meter based on high liquid phase.Measurement data and enumeration data were compared with t test and Chi-square test.and multiple factors were deat with Logistic regression analysis and multivariate linear regression analysis.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Results of correlation between ABI and metabolic markers with multivariate linear regression analysis;risk factors of CI plus PAD with Logistic regression analysis;comparisons of metabolic markers between PAD and non-PAD patients.RESULTS:All 124 patients with acute CI were involved in the final analysis.①Comparisons of metabolic markers:Levels of serum LDL-C and uric acid(UA)were higher of PAD patients than those of non-PAD patients(t=2.051 9,3.339 1,P＜0.05);however,there were no significant differences among other metabolic markers(P＞0.05).②Results of multivariate linear regression analysis:PBG2h,LDL.C and UA were obvious correlation with ABI of posterior tibial artery of lower limb and dorsal pedis artery rpartial regression coefficient:-0.231 to-1.010,P＜0.05).③Risk factors of CI plus PAD with Logistic regression analysis:Age.Smoking history,sum of CI focus(≥3)and LDL-C were independent risk factor of CI plus PAD(OR=1.524-5.422,P＜0.05-0.01 ).CONCLUSION:①Levels of serum LDL-C and UA of patients with CI plus PAD are high.②ABI of lower limbs is correlation with PBG2h,LDL-C and UA.In addition,measuring ABI is beneficial for early diagnosing PAD of lower limbs of patients who have poorly controlled blood glucose,abnormal lipid and poor renal function.③Age,LDL-C and sum of CI focus(≥3)are independent risk factors of CI plus PAD.It is of significance for screening non-PAD patients to evaluate risk degrees and prognosis and select therapeutic methods based on ABI measurement.     

胆管癌的姑息性治疗

胆管癌,特别是肝门部胆管癌,真正达到根治性切除者很难,根治切除率一般为20%~40%,患者终因局部复发率高而死于肿瘤的进展。姑息性治疗主要针对解除梗阻性黄疸,消除十二指肠梗阻与缓解疼痛,达到延长生命、提高生活质量的目的。胆管癌沿胆管壁纵轴扩散,导致复杂的肝门胆管狭窄,顽固性胆道梗阻,多数病例因细菌性胆管炎或肝功能衰竭死亡,不能切除的胆管癌,如不加处置,平均存活3个月,胆道引流可延长至4~6个月,加上局部消融治疗措施可改善姑息治疗的效果,如姑息性腔内近距离放疗,可平均延长存活时间至4.3~5个月,如再复合外照射治疗,平均存活时间可…     

超声在狭窄颈部动脉支架植入术后随访中的应用

目的评价超声在颈部动脉(颈动脉、锁骨下动脉及椎动脉)狭窄血管支架成形术后随访中的应用价值。方法应用超声随访观察47例患者的15枚颈内动脉(ICA)支架、9枚锁骨下动脉(SCA)支架及26枚椎动脉(VA)支架术后1～12个月,观察狭窄血管处支架位置、支架内及远端的收缩期峰值流速(PSV)、支架内有无血栓及再狭窄等情况,判断其疗效。结果支架置入术后超声示狭窄ICA、VA及SCA内径较术前明显增宽,内径分别由术前(2．90±0．76)mm、(2．0±0．38)mm及(4．00±1．46)mm增宽至术后的(4．20±1．78)mm、(3．4±0．51)mm、(6．15±0．98)mm;PSV分别由术前(115±15)cm/s、(181．4±32．5)cm/s、(257．67±66．41)cm/s减低至术后的(75±24)cm/s、(47．15±12．44)cm/s及(98．87±48．63)cm/s。随访中发现2例患者颈内动脉支架狭窄,1例颈内动脉支架闭塞。结论超声是评价颈部动脉狭窄血管支架成形术后疗效的无创、安全可靠的影像学检查方法。