当前PCO行业和市场问题的浅析

广州鼠害与卫生虫害防治协会(以下简称协会)成立于2001年5月18日,截止2003年11月31日止,现有团体会员238个(其中厂家9个),个人会员93个,在团体会员中,领有灭鼠杀虫服务资质证有220个(其中街镇124个占56%,社会PCO公司96个占44%),从事灭鼠杀虫的从业人员近1 600人.2002、2003年已进行"病媒生物防治工"职业培训,并领取中华人民共和国职业资格证书共1 354人,除去外地区22人,实际本市1 332人,占从业人员的83.3%,以后每年都进行初级、中级的培训.协会作为行业协会"应定位在自律性行业管理组织上,应以服务为宗旨,同时做好自律、协调、监督工作"."改革逼使我们尽快培育和发展行业协会,使行业协会的作用真正得到发挥,并承担起政府转移出去的一些职能".协会成立二年来,为政府、社会、会员的服务中在市爱卫办的指导和会员单位的大力支持下,摸着石头过河,取得了一点成绩,但我市协会在实际工作中,碰到一些急待探讨的问题,部分问题通过协会的自治管理是可以解决的,有些问题不是协会本身能解决的.     

我国PCO市场的突出问题及对策

我国加入世贸组织后,鼠害防制和其他各行各业一样存在机遇和挑战,如何使鼠害防制工作健康有序的向前发展,是摆在我国爱国卫生及相关行业面前的一大课题.     

放射线联合p53基因及内皮抑素治疗小鼠前列腺癌皮下移植瘤

Objective To test the hypothesis that p53 gene therapy combined with endostatin can enhance tumor response to radiation therapy of RM-1 mouse xenograft prostate cancer and to investigate its mechanism. Methods A mouse prostate cancer model was established. Then mice with xenograft tumor were randomly divided into group A (control), B (radiation), C (radiation and rAdp53), D (radiation and rh-endostatin) and E (radiation and rAdp53 and rh-endostatin). On day 1, rAdp53 was injected intra-tumorously with 1 × 1010 vp per animal to group C and E. From day 1 to 14, rh-endostatin was given 15 mg/kg intraperitoneally daily to group D and E. On day 4 single fraction of 15 Gy was given to tumors in groups B, C, D and E. Normal saline was injected intra-tumorously or intraperitoneaUy accordingly as control. No treatment was done to group A. Tumor volume was measured daily. Samples were collected on Days 5, 10 and 15. Ki67, CD31, p53 and VEGF were detected by means of immunohistochemistry. Results (1) Radiation alone, radiation combined with intra-tumorous injection of Adp53 and/or intraperitoneal injection of rh-endostatin resulted in tumor growth arrest of RM-1 cells in vivo (P = 0.000). Radiation combined with both rAdp53 and rh-endostatin was the most effective treatment (P < 0.05). (2) All the four treatment groups had a decreased expression of mutant type P53 (P = 0.000). The expression of Ki67 in groups B and C were equal (P 0.05) and increasing (P = 0.000), respectively. Group D had a up-down-up curve (P < 0.05), but group E had a up-down one. On day 5 the expresion of VEGF in group E was the lowest (P < 0.05). An increased expression of MVD compared with the control was shown, and MVD in groups C, D and E were always higher than that in the control (P < 0.05). Conclusions The limitation of radiotherapy could be overcome by combination with beth p53 gene therapy and endostatin on the growth of mouse prostate cancer cell. Radiation, rAdp53 and endostatin have their own role but they can be interacted with each other.     

Sertoli细胞诱导大鼠肝内胰岛移植物免疫豁免的实验研究

目的 探究睾丸Sertoli细胞能否对肝内共移植的胰岛移植物提供免疫豁免作用以及共移植的睾丸Sertoli细胞最佳数量。方法将同种大鼠胰岛及不同数量的睾丸Sertoli细胞同时移植于糖尿病受体的肝内,观察移植物存活情况、胰岛功能、并检测移植物内胰岛素和Fas配体(FasL)表达以及浸润淋巴细胞凋亡情况。结果单纯胰岛移植组平均存活期为(5.6±0.8)d,同时与胰岛细胞在肝内共移植的睾丸细胞数增加至1×107个时,平均存活期为(41.4±4.61)d,明显延长(P<0.05),胰岛移植物中有大量表达FasL的睾丸细胞和表达胰岛素的胰岛细胞.在移植物周围有大量浸润的淋巴细胞凋亡。结论睾丸Sertoli细胞与胰岛细胞同时在肝内共移植,通过诱导局部豁免而延长胰岛移植物的存活时间,且同时共移植1×107个Sertoli细胞时效果最好。     

心肌缺血再灌注损伤时细胞核被膜钙泵活性特征的研究

目的　研究心肌缺血再灌注损伤时Ca2 + 、ATP、ADP和AMP对细胞核被膜钙泵 (Ca2 + ATPase)活性的调节。方法　采用大鼠心肌缺血再灌注模型 ,密度梯度分离纯化细胞核 ,定磷法测定Ca2 + ATPase活性。结果　与正常大鼠相比 ,缺血再灌注损伤动物血浆MDA和FFA显著升高 (P <0 0 1) ;细胞核Ca2 + ATPase活性下降 ,对Ca2 + 亲和力降低 ;ADP、AMP对核Ca2 + ATPase活性的影响明显减弱 ;ATP对Ca2 + ATPase的作用在 [ATP]小于 1 0mmol L时 ,与正常细胞Ca2 + AT Pase活性无显著差异 ,浓度增至 2 0mmol L时 ,活性低于正常细胞 ,ATP浓度继续增加 ,核Ca2 + ATPase活性快速增加。结论　心肌缺血再灌注损伤时Ca2 + 、ATP、ADP、AMP对心肌细胞核Ca2 + ATPase活性的影响发生了明显改变 ,其病理生理意义值得进一步探讨。     

Oxidative modification of high density lipoprotein induced by cultured human arterial smooth muscle cells

Objective: To observe the oxidative modification of high density lipoprotein (HDL) induced by culturedhuman arterial smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Methods: HDL cocultured with SMCs at 37℃ in 48 h was subjected,and native HDL (N-HDL) served as control. Oxidative modification of HDL was identified by using agarose gel electro-phoresis. Absorbances of conjugated diene (CD) and lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH) were measured with ultravioletspectrophotometry at 234 and 560 nm respectively, and fluorescence intensity of thiobarbuturic acid reaction substance     

人外周血单核细胞和脐血CD34+细胞来源的树突细胞比较

目的比较从人外周血单核细胞及脐血CD34+细胞诱导树突细胞(DC)的方法及其特性.方法用淋巴细胞分离液分离外周血单个核细胞,贴壁法获得单核细胞;经GM-CSF及IL-4诱导获得DC.磁性活化细胞分选系统(MACS)分选脐血CD34+细胞,以GM-CSF、IL-4、TNF-α、SCF、FL、TPO等细胞因子诱导获得DC.用电镜、普通显微镜观察DC形态;流式细胞仪分析DC表型;同种混合淋巴细胞反应(allo-MLR)观察DC刺激T淋巴细胞增殖的能力.结果外周血单核细胞在因子GM-CSF、IL-4、TNF-α,脐血CD34+细胞在GM-CSF、IL-4、TNF-α、SCF、FL、TPO等因子作用下,可生成DC,并表达相应的DC分化抗原CD14、CD80、CD83、CD86、HLA-DR.脐血CD34+细胞具有较强的扩增能力,经2周诱导,体系细胞数可增加173.8士26.7倍,两种来源的DC均能刺激同种异体淋巴细胞的增殖反应.结论外周血单核细胞与脐血CD34+细胞,在体外均可诱导成DC,并具有相应的DC分化抗原和功能.     

不同年龄段胃癌患者的临床病理特点与预后分析

目的探讨不同年龄段胃癌患者的临床病理特点与生存期的差异。方法对1994年6月至2004年3月收治的胃癌患者的临床病理资料与生存情况进行不同年龄段的对比分析。结果658例患者中,男∶女=2.2∶1。全组年龄19～89(平均57.0)岁。按不同年龄段将患者分为4组,A组:小于或等于40岁,71例(10.8%);B组:大于40岁至60岁,281例(42.7%);C组:大于60岁至70岁,205例(31.2%);D组:大于70岁,101例(15.3%)。全组根治性手术切除率为82.8%,随访率95.7%,中位生存期30.3个月,1、3、5年生存率分别为55.3%、40.2%和33.2%。A组的男女比例为1:1.1(34/37),女性所占比例明显高于其他各组(P<0.001);低分化腺癌占90.1%(64/71),明显高于其他各组(P<0.001)。肿瘤部位,各组均以胃下部癌所占比例为最多(35.9%～47.5%);临床分期A组以Ⅲ、Ⅳ期为主(74.6%),B、C组以Ⅲ期为最多(47.3%、45.4%),D组以Ⅱ期为主(43.6%)。根治性手术切除率和总住院日各组之间的比较,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05和P<0.001),而术后住院日、术后并发症发生率和1、3、5年生存率比较差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。结论青年人胃癌以女性和低分化腺癌所占比例较高;临床分期较晚;根治性手术切除率较低。老年胃癌患者的总住院时间较长,但老年不是手术的禁忌证。     

Factors affecting the neonatal response to artificial surfactant

Objective : To define the individual neonatal response to the artificial surfactant, Exosurf, and factors that may influence the response.
Methodology : Eighty-two consecutive, preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome, who received Exosurf at <12h of age were studied. Their response was categorized from the graphical change in the oxygenation index with postnatal age, for 12h after each of two doses of surfactant and assessed independently by two observers. Clinical factors were analysed for their effect on the four pre-defined categories of response, namely: none; mild; good; relapsed; and good: sustained.
Results : Within the first 12h, 11% of the neonates showed no response, 5% a mild response and 84% a good response, but 34% relapsed. By 24h, 6% still showed no response (all died), 11% showed a mild response and 83% a good response, of whom half relapsed. At 24h, no response was significantly associated with low gestational age and asphyxia mild response with less severe lung disease. According to the response there was a gradation in the risk of death during the first week.
Conclusions : The response to Exosurf can be individually and reproducibly categorized and demonstrated that 83% of neonates had a good response but half relapsed. No response was associated with extreme prematurity and asphyxia     

脊柱后入路显微内窥镜下手术治疗侧隐窝狭窄

目的 探讨脊柱后入路显微内窥镜下手术治疗侧隐窝狭窄的手术方法。方法 采用自行研制的异型骨凿，于显微内窥镜下手术治疗38例确诊为侧隐窝狭窄的患。结果 经6～12个月随访，所有患均无神经损伤等并发症；疗效评价：32例，良5例，可1例。结论 本术式具有创伤小，对术后脊柱的稳定性破坏小，疗效确切等优点。