缺血预处理对肝脏缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的探讨缺血预处理对大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用。方法在大鼠肝脏持续６０ｍｉｎ缺血及３０ｍｉｎ再灌注之前,先进行５,１０,１５ｍｉｎ的缺血及等长时间的再灌注。于再灌注３０ｍｉｎ完成时取标本测定肝功能、抗氧化酶、脂质过氧化物及形态学研究。结果持续６０ｍｉｎ缺血及３０ｍｉｎ再灌注后,肝功能明显受损,抗氧化酶活力显著下降,肝组织大片坏死;５ｍｉｎ的缺血预处理能明显改善肝功能、提高抗氧化酶活力,减少肝细胞坏死;１０ｍｉｎ效果次之;１５ｍｉｎ反而加重肝脏损害。结论５ｍｉｎ的缺血预处理对肝脏缺血再灌注损伤具有明显的保护作用,它可能为肝脏缺血再灌注损伤的防治提供一种简单有效的新方法     

院内和社区获得性军团菌肺炎71例临床分析

为提高对院内军团菌肺炎（ＮＡＬＰ）和社区获得性军团菌肺炎（ＣＡＬＰ）的认识,分析了１８例ＮＡＬＰ和５３例ＣＡＬＰ。结果表明,ＮＡＬＰ和ＣＡＬＰ均多见于５０岁以上男性,临床表现和胸部Ｘ线特征相似,呼吸衰竭是两者最常见的并发症。ＮＡＬＰ多有危险因素,病死率明显高于ＣＡＬＰ。ＮＡＬＰ感染军团菌以ＬＰ１（嗜肺军团菌血清Ⅰ型）、ＬＰ６多见,而ＣＡＬＰ以ＬＰ１２多见。     

血清TGA、TMA、T3、T4、TSH鉴别甲亢型桥本甲状腺炎和Graves病

目的：鉴别甲亢型桥本甲状腺炎（ Ｈ Ｔ）和 Ｇｒａｖｅｓ 病（ Ｇ Ｄ）,提高 Ｈ Ｔ 的诊断率,减少 Ｈ Ｔ 手术和不必要的抗甲状腺治疗。方法：以经甲状腺细针穿刺活检或术后病理证实为 Ｈ Ｔ 和 Ｇ Ｄ 的临床表现为甲状腺功能亢进的病人为研究对象,以活检前或术前清晨空腹血清 Ｔ Ｇ Ａ, Ｔ Ｍ Ａ, Ｔ３, Ｔ４ 和 Ｔ Ｓ Ｈ 为检测指标。结果：甲亢型 Ｈ Ｔ 和 Ｇ Ｄ 病人的 Ｔ Ｇ Ａ, Ｔ３ 有明显差异（ Ｐ＜ ００１）; Ｔ３／ Ｔ４, Ｔ Ｍ Ａ, Ｔ Ｓ Ｈ 有显著差异（ Ｐ＜ ０００１）; Ｔ４ 无差异（ Ｐ＞ ００５）。结论：血清 Ｔ３, Ｔ３／ Ｔ４ , Ｔ Ｓ Ｈ, Ｔ Ｇ Ａ 和 Ｔ Ｍ Ａ 可以作为鉴别甲亢型 Ｈ Ｔ 和 Ｇ Ｄ 的重要检测指标。     

同种异体大鼠胰腺移植膀胱引流术式模型的建立及分析

大鼠胰腺移植模型可用于解决临床移植中常见问题的初步探索性研究．采用目前临床胰腺移植常用的膀胱引流术式,建立大鼠的同种异体胰腺移植模型30例,其中12例存活超过5d,存活超过2周者6例,超过3个月者4例。尸检及病理结果表明,手术过程中血管吻合技术的熟练程度、吻合时间过长及移植胰腺冷缺血期间保存温度超过4℃而使之活力下降是移植后动物死亡的主要原因。     

外科加强医疗病区耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌感染的分析

通过分析我院外科加强医疗病区(SICU)感染耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)患者的资料,总结引起MRSA感染的危险因素。方法:回顾性调查1996年1月～1998年12月入SICU的1069例患者资料,按感染细菌分为MRSA组和非MRSA组,比较两组的发病率及病死率;比较两组患者在ICU住院时间、广谱抗生素应用、血清白蛋白含量的差异,计算各因素的优势比(OR)。结果:MRSA20例,非MRSA57例,MRSA感染患者病死率为非MRSA的1.9倍,P<0.05;MRSA感染相关因素有ICU住院时间(P=003,OR=252)、广谱抗生素的应用(P=004,OR=16.10)、低白蛋白血症(P=0.01,OR=234)。结论:MRSA感染病死率高,ICU住院时间长、应用广谱抗生素、低白蛋白血症是引起MRSA感染的危险因素。     

细胞形态学在鉴别噬血细胞综合征和恶性组织细胞病中的价值初探

目的　探讨细胞形态学在鉴别噬血细胞综合征(HS)和恶性组织细胞病(MH)的诊断价值。方法　应用瑞-姬氏染色,普通光镜下对39例HS和42例MH患者的骨髓片、外周血片、外周血液浓缩片中的细胞形态学进行了详细观察,并结合外周血涂片碱性磷酸酶染色的结果进行了综合分析。结果　HS与MH在骨髓和外周血中的细胞数量及形态学变化方面均有明显不同,外周血涂片碱性磷酸酶染色亦存在明显差异。结论　细胞形态学检查是鉴别HS与MH的重要手段,在确诊HS与MH方面具有重要价值。     

心室晚电位阳性的冠心病患者心肌重构特征分析

对心室晚电位阳性的冠心病患者心肌重构特征进行了分析,为预防冠心病患者发生严重的室性心律失常,从基础理论上做了有益的探讨。     

Effects of smoking and smoking cessation on life expectancy in an elderly population in Beijing, China, 1992-2000: an 8-year follow-up study

Background

We assessed the effects of smoking and smoking cessation on life expectancy and active life expectancy among persons aged 55 years or older in Beijing.

Methods

This study included 1593 men and 1664 women who participated in the Beijing Longitudinal Study of Aging, which commenced in 1992 and had 4 survey waves up to year 2000. An abridged life table was used to estimate life expectancy, in which age-specific mortality and age-specific disability rates were adjusted by using a discrete-time hazard model to control confounders.

Results

The mean ages (SD) for men and women were 70.1 (9.25) and 70.2 (8.72) years, respectively; mortality and disability rates during follow-up were 34.7% and 8.0%, respectively. In both sexes, never smokers had the highest life expectancy and active life expectancy across ages, as compared with current and former smokers. Current heavy smokers had a shorter life expectancy and a shorter active life expectancy than light smokers. Among former smokers, male long-term quitters had a longer life expectancy and longer active life expectancy than short-term quitters, but this was not the case in women.

Conclusions

Older adults remain at higher risk of mortality and morbidity from smoking and can expect to live a longer and healthier life after smoking cessation.Key words: smoking, smoking cessation, life expectancy, active life expectancy, elderly population, discrete-time hazard model     

Synthesis and biological evaluation of new 4β-anilino-4'-O-demethyl-4-desoxypodophyllotoxin derivatives as potential antitumor agents

A series of new 4β-anilino-4′-O-demethyl-4-desoxypodophyllotoxin derivatives were prepared and evaluated for their cytotoxicities against four human cancer cell lines including KB, KB/VCR, A549 and 95D. Most compounds showed better growth-inhibition activities against tested cell lines than that of etoposide (VP-16). Preliminary structure-activity relationships (SARs) were concluded and it indicated that the side chains substituted at 4β position of podophyllotoxin significantly influenced the cytotoxic activity, especially for the drug resistance profile. In vivo studies of compound 26c on highly metastatic human lung cancer xenograft in nude mice showed that it can significantly inhibit tumor growth with administrating by oral route.     

子宫腺肌病37例临床病理分析

对子宫腺肌病３７例临床及病理资料进行了总结分析。结果表明：子宫腺肌病占同期子宫切除手术比率１６％；好发年龄为４０～５０岁高龄生育期妇女；可并发子宫肌瘤、宫内膜增生过长等与卵巢功能紊乱有关的妇科疾病。该病临床表现无明显特征性，易误诊，临床与病理诊断符合率仅３０％。故子宫切除后送病理检查，镜下发现子宫肌层内有宫内膜组织是诊断该病最可靠的方法。