CA125与子宫内膜抗体测定用于诊断子宫内膜异位症

测定了４２例妇女血清和腹腔液ＣＡ＿（１２５）及子宫内膜抗体（ＥＭＡｂ）水平，其中经腹腔镜诊断为子宫内膜异位症者２８例（观察组），无子宫内膜异位症者１４例（对照组）。结果表明：观察组血清ＥＭＡｂ的吸光度为０．４４±０．１３，明显高于对照组的０．３４±０．０７，但两组间血清ＣＡ＿（１２５）差异无显著性；两含用于诊断的敏感性分别为７１．４３％和８２．１４％，特异性为５７．２１％和５７．１４％。两组腹腔液中ＥＭＡｂ差异无显著性；两组腹腔液ＣＡ＿（１２５）和ＥＭＡｂ水平均明显高于血清。     

雷公藤单体对大鼠睾丸间质细胞及支持细胞毒性与其抗生育作用不相关

本文用体外培养的睾丸间质细胞和支持细胞筛选了２２种从雷公藤根、皮中分离、纯化的单体，并选择其中对两种细胞杀伤作用强、弱不同的化合物ＴＷ－９，ＴＷ－５，ＴＷ－２８和ＴＷ－２７进行抗生育试验以及体外杀精试验。结果发现对两种细胞毒性作用最弱的ＴＷ－１９对大鼠有明显的抗生育作用；而毒性作用较强的ＴＷ－５，ＴＷ－２８和最强的ＴＷ－２７则无明显的抗生育作用。然而这四种化合物的体外杀精强度则依次为：ＴＷ－２７，ＴＷ－５，ＴＷ－１９，ＴＷ－２８。与它们的抗生育作用不相关。     

丹参酮ⅡA磺酸钠治疗冠心病心绞痛随机对照试验的Meta分析

目的 根据现有临床研究评价丹参酮ⅡA磺酸钠治疗冠心病心绞痛的有效性及安全性.方法 通过PubMed、中国生物医学文献数据库、中国期刊全文数据库、万方数据库检索丹参酮ⅡA磺酸钠治疗冠心病心绞痛的随机对照临床试验文献,采用Cochrane协作网专用软件RevMan 4.2进行Meta分析.结果 共有29篇文献,2 712例患者符合纳入标准.所有试验根据Jadad评分均〈3分,无双盲试验.＂倒漏斗＂图显示不对称,提示存在一定的发表偏倚.治疗组在改善心绞痛症状总有效率及显效率均显著优于对照组（P〈0.01）,合并RR值分别为1.23（95%CI1.19～1.28）,1.37（95%CI1.27～1.47）;心电图疗效总有效率及显效率亦显著优于对照组（P〈0.01）,合并RR值分别为1.33（95%CI1.23～1.43）,1.48（95%CI1.28～1.72）.试验未发现严重的副反应.结论 在西药常规治疗基础上合用丹参酮ⅡA磺酸钠可进一步改善冠心病心绞痛的临床症状及心电图缺血改变,但由于存在发表性偏倚及文献质量偏低,尚需更严格的循证医学证据.     

Full-Endoscopic versus Minimally Invasive Lumbar Interbody Fusion for Lumbar Degenerative Diseases : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

ObjectiveAlthough full-endoscopic lumbar interbody fusion (Endo-LIF) has been tried as the latest alternative technique to minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interobody fusion (MIS-TLIF) since mid-2010, the evidence is still lacking. We compared the clinical outcome and safety of Endo-LIF to MIS-TLIF for lumbar degenerative disease. MethodsWe systematically searched electronic databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library to find literature comparing Endo-LIF to MIS-TLIF. The results retrieved were last updated on December 11, 2020. The perioperative outcome included the operation time, blood loss, complication, and hospital stay. The clinical outcomes included Visual analog scale (VAS) of low back pain and leg pain and Oswestry disability index (ODI), and the radiological outcome included pseudoarthosis rate with 12-month minimum follow-up. ResultsFour retrospective observational studies and one prospective observational study comprising 423 patients (183 Endo-LIF and 241 MIS-TLIF) were included, and the pooled data analysis revealed low heterogeneity between studies in our review. Baseline characteristics including age and sex were not different between the two groups. Operation time was significantly longer in Endo-LIF (mean difference [MD], 23.220 minutes; 95% confidence interval [CI], 10.669–35.771; p=0.001). However, Endo-LIF resulted in less perioperative blood loss (MD, -144.710 mL; 95% CI, 247.941–41.478; p=0.023). Although VAS back pain at final (MD, -0.120; p=0.586), leg pain within 2 weeks (MD, 0.005; p=0.293), VAS leg pain at final (MD, 0.099; p=0.099), ODI at final (MD, 0.141; p=0.093) were not different, VAS back pain within 2 weeks was more favorable in the Endo-LIF (MD, -1.538; 95% CI, -2.044 to -1.032; p<0.001). On the other hand, no statistically significant group difference in complication rate (relative risk [RR], 0.709; p=0.774), hospital stay (MD, -2.399; p=0.151), and pseudoarthrosis rate (RR, 1.284; p=0.736) were found. ConclusionRelative to MIS-TLIF, immediate outcomes were favorable in Endo-LIF in terms of blood loss and immediate VAS back pain, although complication rate, mid-term clinical outcomes, and fusion rate were not different. However, the challenges for Endo-LIF include longer operation time which means a difficult learning curve and limited surgical indication which means patient selection bias. Larger-scale, well-designed study with long-term follow-up and randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm and update the results of this systematic review.     

Prior statin and short‐term outcomes of primary intracerebral hemorrhage: From a large‐scale nationwide longitudinal registry

IntroductionThe relationship between statins and intracerebral hemorrhage outcomes is unclear.AimWe aimed to compare the in‐hospital mortality and evacuation of intracranial hematoma rates in patients with primary intracerebral hemorrhage between prior statin users and nonusers.ResultsThe final study population included 66,263 patients. Multivariable logistics analyses showed that prior statin use was not associated with in‐hospital mortality for primary intracerebral hemorrhage (adjusted odd ratio 0.78, 95% CI 0.61–1.01), but reduced the proportion of patients undergoing evacuation of intracranial hematoma (adjusted odd ratio 0.70, 95% CI 0.61–0.82). Propensity score matching analyses yielded similar results.ConclusionPrior statin use was not associated with in‐hospital mortality but did reduce evacuation of intracranial hematoma rates.     

Immunogenicity and Reactogenicity of Ad26.COV2.S in Korean Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study

BackgroundAs the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues, there are concerns regarding waning immunity and the emergence of viral variants. The immunogenicity of Ad26.COV2.S against wild-type (WT) and variants of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) needs to be evaluated.MethodThis prospective cohort study was conducted between June 2021 and January 2022 at two university hospitals in South Korea. Healthy adults who were scheduled to be vaccinated with Ad26.COV2.S were enrolled in this study. The main outcomes included anti-spike (S) IgG antibody and neutralizing antibody responses, S-specific T-cell responses (interferon-γ enzyme-linked immunospot assay), solicited adverse events (AEs), and serious AEs.ResultsFifty participants aged ≥ 19 years were included in the study. Geometric mean titers (GMTs) of anti-S IgG were 0.4 U/mL at baseline, 5.2 ± 3.0 U/mL at 3–4 weeks, 55.7 ± 2.4 U/mL at 5–8 weeks, and 81.3 ± 2.5 U/mL at 10–12 weeks after vaccination. GMTs of 50% neutralizing dilution (ND50) against WT SARS-CoV-2 were 164.6 ± 4.6 at 3-4 weeks, 313.9 ± 3.6 at 5–8 weeks, and 124.4 ± 2.6 at 10–12 weeks after vaccination. As for the S-specific T-cell responses, the median number of spot-forming units/10⁶ peripheral blood mononuclear cell was 25.0 (5.0–29.2) at baseline, 60.0 (23.3–178.3) at 5-8 weeks, and 35.0 (13.3–71.7) at 10–12 weeks after vaccination. Compared to WT SARS-CoV-2, ND50 against Delta and Omicron variants was attenuated by 3.6-fold and 8.2-fold, respectively. The most frequent AE was injection site pain (82%), followed by myalgia (80%), fatigue (70%), and fever (50%). Most AEs were grade 1–2, and resolved within two days.ConclusionSingle-dose Ad26.COV2.S was safe and immunogenic. NAb titer and S-specific T-cell immunity peak at 5–8 weeks and rather decrease at 10–12 weeks after vaccination. Cross-reactive neutralizing activity against the Omicron variant was negligible.     

Anisomycin induces glioma cell death via down-regulation of PP2A catalytic subunit in vitro

Aim:

To examine the effects of anisomycin on glioma cells and the related mechanisms in vitro.

Methods:

The U251 and U87 human glioblastoma cell lines were tested. The growth of the cells was analyzed using a CCK-8 cell viability assay. Apoptosis was detected using a flow cytometry assay. The expression of proteins and phosphorylated kinases was detected using Western blotting.

Results:

Treatment of U251 and U87 cells with anisomycin (0.01–8 μmol/L) inhibited the cell growth in time- and concentration-dependent manners (the IC₅₀ values at 48 h were 0.233±0.021 and 0.192±0.018 μmol/L, respectively). Anisomycin (4 μmol/L) caused 21.5%±2.2% and 25.3%±3.1% of apoptosis proportion, respectively, in U251 and U87 cells. In the two cell lines, anisomycin (4 μmol/L) activated p38 MAPK and JNK, and inactivated ERK1/2. However, neither the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 (10 μmol/L) nor the JNK inhibitor SP600125 (10 μmol/L) prevented anisomycin-induced cell death. On the other hand, anisomycin (4 μmol/L) reduced the level of PP2A/C subunit (catalytic subunit) in a time-dependent manner in the two cell lines. Treatment of the two cell lines with the PP2A inhibitor okadaic acid (100 nmol/L) caused marked cell death.

Conclusion:

Anisomycin induces glioma cell death via down-regulation of PP2A catalytic subunit. The regulation of PP2A/C exression by anisomycin provides a clue to further study on its role in glioma therapy.     

Tunable Boc modification of lignin and its impact on microbial degradation rate

A new type of modified lignin, lignin-p-Boc, was obtained through reaction with di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (Boc₂O) in aqueous media catalyzed by 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP). Boc modification occurred regardless of type of lignin, was tunable, and proceeded well in recovering lignin at high purity from sodium lignosulfonate (a common byproduct from pulping industry; lignin content: 60%). Lignin-p-BOC was demonstrated as a potential reactive filler in green plastic and as a potential crosslinker in design of bioresorbable composite polymeric implants. Furthermore, the effect of the modification on breakdown rate of alkali lignin by microbes was investigated, and results showed that the modification substantially decreases the breakdown rate. The tunable Boc modification process was designed via a system thinking, including availability of raw lignin, economical/green modification, potentiality of drop-in-change to current thermoplastic processing, modification impact on microbial degradability/disposed environment at the end of use life; hence the holistic consideration makes this alternative method for upgrade of technical lignins very practical for future industrial application. Via “in-situ” forming “easily breakable covalent bonds” with existing thermopolymers inside, Lignin-p-BOCs are also promising to play an important role as both excellent binders via “random match” and reductants in transforming linear plastic waste into circular plastics.     

Neural representation of phonological information during Chinese character reading

Previous studies have revealed that phonological processing of Chinese characters elicited activation in the left prefrontal cortex, bilateral parietal cortex, and occipitotemporal regions. However, it is controversial what role the left middle frontal gyrus plays in Chinese character reading, and whether the core regions (e.g., the left superior temporal gyrus and supramarginal gyrus) for phonological processing of alphabetic languages are also involved in Chinese character reading. To address these questions, the present study used both univariate and multivariate analysis (i.e., representational similarity analysis, RSA) to explore neural representations of phonological information during Chinese character reading. Participants were scanned while performing a reading aloud task. Univariate activation analysis revealed a widely distributed network for word reading, including the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, lateral temporal cortex, and occipitotemporal cortex. More importantly, RSA showed that the left prefrontal (i.e., the left middle frontal gyrus and left inferior frontal gyrus) and bilateral occipitotemporal areas (i.e., the left inferior and middle temporal gyrus and bilateral fusiform gyrus) represented phonological information of Chinese characters. These results confirmed the importance of the left middle frontal gyrus and regions in ventral pathway in representing phonological information of Chinese characters.