Associations Between Perceived Characteristics of the Peer Social Network Involving Significant Others and Risk of HIV Transmission Among Men Who Have Sex with Men in China

The HIV epidemic among men who have sex with men (MSM) in China is severe. Peer can induce risky and preventive behaviors among MSM. We interviewed 220 MSM who had at least one significant other who was a peer MSM (SOPM). Interviews were conducted at two gay venues in Suzhou, China, which reported five HIV-related outcomes: HIV (8.2 %), syphilis (16.4 %), self-reported sexually transmitted infection symptoms (14.6 %), unprotected anal intercourse (UAI; 58.6 %) and having had taken up HIV testing (40.4 %). Adjusting for significant background variables, participants’ perceived characteristics of the social network of SOPM, such as practicing risk behavior (e.g. UAI) or preventive behaviors (e.g. HIV antibody testing), or possessing HIV-related perceptions (e.g. dislike in condom use), were significantly associated with some of the five aforementioned outcomes (p < 0.05). Peer education and peer-based interventions involving significant others are hence potentially important in HIV prevention targeting MSM. Future pilot intervention studies are warranted.     

心房颤动患者心房组织AMPK/PGC-1a通路表达改变的研究

目的 探讨心房颤动（房颤）患者心房肌组织中AMPK/PGC-1α信号通路表达是否改变,探究该通路在在房颤过程中的作用。方法 选择2018年12月至2019年11月在我科行心脏手术的患者76例,根据术前24 h动态心电图及病史分为房颤组（AF,41例）和窦性组（SR,35例）,术中切除左心耳组织留存。使用蛋白质印迹法（western blot,WB）检测心耳组织中AMPK、PGC-1α、NRF1、TFAM的表达量水平。免疫组织化学染色定量左心耳组织TFAM水平。Logistic回归分析AMPK、PGC-1α、NRF1、TFAM的表达水平与术后早期房颤之间的关系。结果 WB结果显示,与窦性心率患者相比,房颤患者左心耳组织内的AMPK、PGC-1α、NRF1、TFAM的表达明显降低（AMPK: 0.75±0.27 VS 0.47±0.43, PGC-1α:0.55±0.10 VS 0.35±0.10, NRF1:0.67±0.11 VS 0.46±0.15, TFAM:0.88±0.19 VS 0.58±0.30,P均<0.05）。免疫组化结果显示房颤患者的左心耳TFAM水平较窦性患者明显降低（8.86±2.13 VS 5.95±2.53, P<0.05）。Logistic回归分析显示TFAM为术后早期房颤的影响因素（b=-0.55, P<0.05）补充数据,低水平TFAM会增加术后新发房颤的风险。结论 AMPK/PGC-1α信号通路参与了房颤过程,其表达在房颤心患者房内降低。TFAM为术后早期房颤的相关因素,低水平TFAM会增加术后发生房颤的风险。     

降钙素原监测在心脏围手术期抗感染中的临床应用

目的探讨降钙素原(PCT)监测在缩短心脏手术抗菌药物疗程的有效性及安全性,以期为临床合理使用抗菌药物提供参考。 方法采用随机对照试验(RCT)设计,纳入心脏手术患者共计120例,使用随机数字表法将患者分为试验组(降钙素原监测组)与对照组(常规方法监测组)。其中试验组共61例,对照组共59例。试验组以降钙素原指导抗菌药物使用,对照组以常规方法指导抗菌药物使用。比较这两组患者抗菌药物使用时间、住院天数、抗菌药物费用、住院费用及肺部感染发生率等指标。 结果所有患者术后均预防性使用抗菌药物,第1、3、7天白细胞、中性粒细胞百分率、降钙素原水平逐渐下降,其中白细胞、降钙素原前3天显著下降,而中性粒细胞呈持续下降趋势;两组患者降钙素原术后第3天恢复至接近正常水平,第7天完全恢复至正常水平,中性粒细胞百分比第7天恢复正常。两组各时间点白细胞、中性粒细胞百分率、降钙素原水平无统计学差异(P>0.05)。试验组与对照组抗菌药物使用时间分别为9 d和12 d、住院天数分别为18 d和19 d、抗菌药物费用分别为1.16千元和1.45千元、总住院费用分别为11.10万元和12.71万元。P值均<0.05,差异有统计学意义。试验组和对照组分别有两例患者发生肺部感染,无统计学差异(P>0.05)。 结论对于心脏手术,依据降钙素原水平指导抗菌药物的预防使用,可缩短抗菌药物疗程、减少患者住院天数并节约抗菌药物费用和住院费用并且不增加肺部感染发生率。     

硝酸甘油治疗急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者的临床分析

目的分析硝酸甘油对急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者小潮气量通气策略+肺复张术后心肺功能、炎症因子及免疫功能的影响。 方法选择我院重症医学科2015年9月至2019年5月收治的98例ARDS患者随机分为硝酸甘油组50例、对照组48例,均实施小潮气量通气策略+肺复张术治疗,硝酸甘油组在此基础上给予静脉泵入硝酸甘油注射液治疗。分别于治疗前、治疗后6 h、24 h检测两组患者心肺功能、炎症因子及免疫功能相关指标水平。 结果与治疗前比较,两组治疗后6 h、24 h左室射血分数、心脏指数(CI)明显升高,血清N-末端B型脑钠肽原(NT-proBNP)明显降低,且用力肺活量(FVC)、第1 s用力呼气容积(FEV₁)、FEV₁/FVC显著升高(P<0.05),两组6 h各项心肺功能指标比较无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗后24 h硝酸甘油组心肺功能改善效果显著优于对照组(P<0.05)。与治疗前比较,两组治疗后6 h、24 h血清C反应蛋白(CRP)、降钙素原(PCT)、白介素-6(IL-6)水平均显著降低,CD₃⁺、CD₄⁺、CD₄⁺/CD₈⁺均显著增高(P<0.05),治疗后6 h、24 h硝酸甘油组CRP、PCT、IL-6水平均明显低于对照组,CD₃⁺、CD₄⁺、CD₄⁺/CD₈⁺均明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。 结论在小潮气量通气策略+肺复张术基础上加用硝酸甘油治疗ARDS,可发挥更好的心肺功能保护作用,并可有效减轻炎症反应,增强免疫功能。     

A case report of right atrial epithelioid hemangioendothelioma with multiple pulmonary metastases

Cardiac epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) is a very rare tumour of endothelial origin with the lung and liver as the most easily metastatic organs. We describe herein a patient with hemoptysis, severe anaemia, and diffuse pulmonary nodules with halo signs that represented metastasis of cardiac EHE; these radiologic manifestations are relatively uncommon. During the initial workup for the patient’s pulmonary nodules, echocardiography missed the cardiac mass. However, positron emission tomography‐computed tomography revealed increased fluorodeoxyglucose intake in the right atrial wall, and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an irregular nodule with normal T1‐weighted signal intensity and hyperintense T2‐weighted signal intensity. Enhanced abdominal computed tomography (CT) revealed micronodular liver metastases. Video‐assisted thoracic surgery was performed to make a definitive diagnosis. Immunohistochemistry staining proved the diagnosis of EHE with positive results for cluster of differentiation (CD) 34, CD31, erythroblast transformation‐specific‐related gene and Ki‐67. The patient started chemotherapy with docetaxel (75 mg/m²) and gemcitabine (900 mg/m²), but this failed to control his disease and he died from an opportunistic infection related to his immunocompromised status 5 months later. For the work out process of bilateral diffuse pulmonary nodules suspicious for cardiac origin, especially with atrial deviation, echocardiography alone is not sufficient to exclude atrial origin. Cardiac CT or MRI might be a better choice.